Co-editing PINK1 and DJ-1 Genes Via Adeno-Associated Virus-Delivered CRISPR/Cas9 System in Adult Monkey Brain Elicits Classical Parkinsonian Phenotype / 神经科学通报·英文版

Whether direct manipulation of Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk genes in the adult monkey brain can elicit a Parkinsonian phenotype remains an unsolved issue. Here, we used an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-delivered CRISPR/Cas9 system to directly co-edit PINK1 and DJ-1 genes in the substantia nigras (SNs) of two monkey groups: an old group and a middle-aged group. After the operation, the old group exhibited all the classic PD symptoms, including bradykinesia, tremor, and postural instability, accompanied by key pathological hallmarks of PD, such as severe nigral dopaminergic neuron loss (>64%) and evident α-synuclein pathology in the gene-edited SN. In contrast, the phenotype of their middle-aged counterparts, which also showed clear PD symptoms and pathological hallmarks, were less severe. In addition to the higher final total PD scores and more severe pathological changes, the old group were also more susceptible to gene editing by showing a faster process of PD progression. These results suggested that both genetic and aging factors played important roles in the development of PD in the monkeys. Taken together, this system can effectively develop a large number of genetically-edited PD monkeys in a short time (6–10 months), and thus provides a practical transgenic monkey model for future PD studies.

Co-editing PINK1 and DJ-1 Genes Via Adeno-Associated Virus-Delivered CRISPR/Cas9 System in Adult Monkey Brain Elicits Classical Parkinsonian Phenotype / 神经科学通报·英文版

Whether direct manipulation of Parkinson's disease (PD) risk genes in the adult monkey brain can elicit a Parkinsonian phenotype remains an unsolved issue. Here, we used an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-delivered CRISPR/Cas9 system to directly co-edit PINK1 and DJ-1 genes in the substantia nigras (SNs) of two monkey groups: an old group and a middle-aged group. After the operation, the old group exhibited all the classic PD symptoms, including bradykinesia, tremor, and postural instability, accompanied by key pathological hallmarks of PD, such as severe nigral dopaminergic neuron loss (>64%) and evident α-synuclein pathology in the gene-edited SN. In contrast, the phenotype of their middle-aged counterparts, which also showed clear PD symptoms and pathological hallmarks, were less severe. In addition to the higher final total PD scores and more severe pathological changes, the old group were also more susceptible to gene editing by showing a faster process of PD progression. These results suggested that both genetic and aging factors played important roles in the development of PD in the monkeys. Taken together, this system can effectively develop a large number of genetically-edited PD monkeys in a short time (6-10 months), and thus provides a practical transgenic monkey model for future PD studies.

Discovery of a highly selective VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor CHMFL-VEGFR2-002 as a novel anti-angiogenesis agent

Angiogenesis is an essential process in tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibitors targeting tumor angiogenic pathway have been widely used in the clinical cancer treatment. However, most of currently used VEGFR2 kinase inhibitors are multi-target inhibitors which might result in target-associated side effects and therefore limited clinical toleration. Highly selective VEGFR inhibitors are still highly demanded from both basic research and clinical application point of view. Here we report the discovery and characterization of a novel VEGFR2 inhibitor (CHMFL-VEGFR2-002), which exhibited high selectivity among structurally closed kinases including PDGFRs, FGFRs, CSF1R, etc. CHMFL-VEGFR2-002 displayed potent inhibitory activity against VEGFR2 kinase in the biochemical assay (IC = 66 nmol/L) and VEGFR2 autophosphorylation in cells (ECs ∼100 nmol/L) as well as potent anti-proliferation effect against VEGFR2 transformed BaF3 cells (GI = 150 nmol/L). In addition, CHMFL-VEGFR2-002 also displayed good anti-angiogenesis efficacy and exhibited good PK (pharmacokinetics) profile with bioavailability over 49% and anti-angiogenesis efficacy in both zebrafish and mouse models without apparent toxicity. These results suggest that CHMFL-VEGFR2-002 might be a useful research tool for dissecting new functions of VEGFR2 kinase as well as a potential anti-angiogenetic agent for the cancer therapy.

Anatomical relationship between fascia propria of the rectum and visceral pelvic fascia in the view of continuity of fasciae / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective@#To perform an anatomical observation on the extension of the mesocolon to the mesorectum and the continuity of the fasciae lining the abdomen and pelvis, in order to clarify the appropriate surgical plane of total mesorectal excision.@*Methods@#This is an descriptive study. The operation videos of 61 cases (28 males, 33 females, median age of 61) were collected. All the patients underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery from January 2018 to December 2018 in Yangpu Hospital, including low anterior resection for rectal cancer in 25 cases, left hemicolectomy for descending colon cancer in 15 cases, and subtotal resection of the colon for intractable constipation in 21 cases. Among these 21 constipation patients, 8 received additional modified Duhamel surgeries. Gross anatomy was performed on 24 adult cadavers provided by Department of Anatomy, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, including 23 formalin-fixed and 1 fresh cadaver (12 males, 12 females). Sixty-one patients and 24 cadavers had no previous abdominal or pelvic surgical history. The anatomy and extension of fasciae related to descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum, especially the morphology of Toldt fascia, and the continuities of mesocolon and mesorectum were observed carefully. The distribution characteristics of the fasciae and anatomical landmarks during laparoscopic surgery were recorded and described.@*Results@#The anatomical study on 24 cadavers showed that visceral fascia was the densest connective tissue in the pelvic, posterolateral to the rectum, and stretched as a hammock to lift all pelvic organs. Among 61 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, 36 (59.0%) needed to free the left colon during operation, and Toldt fascia in the descending colon segment presented as potential, avascular and extensible loose connective tissue plane between the mesocolon and posterior Gerota fascia; 33 (54.1%) needed to free the rectum during operation, and Toldt fascia extended downward to pelvis as loose connective tissue between the fascia propria of the rectum and visceral fascia; the fascia propria of the rectum exposed completely in 32 (32/33, 97.0%) cases, which ran downward and fused with visceral fascia at the level of the fourth sacral vertebra. The anatomy of 24 cadavers also showed that fascia propria of the rectum fused with visceral fascia at the level of Waldeyer fascia. The fusion line of these two fasciae was supposed to be the extension of Waldeyer fascia. There were two avascular planes behind the rectum: one between the fascia propria of the rectum and visceral fascia, and the other between the visceral fascia and parietal fascia. In 8 constipation cases undergoing laparoscopic subtotal colon resection plus modified Duhamel operation, both mesocolon and mesorectum needed to be mobilized. It was obvious that the mesocolon of descending colon extended and became the mesocolon of sigmoid colon, and ran further into the pelvic and became the mesorectum. The colon fascia of descending colon served as the natural boundary of mesocolon extended downward as the fascia of sigmoid colon and the fascia propria of the rectum, respectively. Toldt fascia locating between mesocolon of descending colon and Gerota fascia extended to pelvis as the 'presacral space’ between the fascia propria of the rectum and visceral fascia. Gerota fascia in descending colon segment extended as urogenital fascia in sigmoid colon segment and visceral fascia in the pelvis, respectively. In the cadaver anatomy study, the visceral fascia served as a corridor carrying the hypogastric nerve, and ureter was observed in 23 (23/24, 95.8%) cases. The visceral fascia passed from posterior to anterior lateral of rectum, fusing with Denonvilliers fascia in a fan shape. The pelvic plexus located exactly external to the junction of visceral fascia and Denonvilliers fascia. Pelvic splanchnic nerves went through the parietal fascia toward to the inferolateral of the pelvic plexus.@*Conclusion@#Fascia propria of the rectum and the visceral pelvic fascia are two independent layers of fascia, and the TME surgical plane is between the fascia propria of the rectum and visceral pelvic fascia instead of between the visceral and the parietal pelvic fascia.

Comparison of efficacy and safety of three different surgical methods for nasal vestibular cyst / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of endoscopic nasal vestibule cysts,lip gingival trench path nasal vestibule excision and low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation under nasal endoscope in the treatment of nasal vestibule cyst.Methods From January 2013 to December 2017,ninety patients with nasal vestibule cyst admitted in Taiyuan Central Hospital were selected. According to different surgical methods,the patients were divided into nasal endoscope nasal vestibule cyst group( A group,26 cases),cleft lip gingival vestibule cyst excision group(B group,36 cases),low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation group under nasal endoscopy( C group, 28 cases). The efficacy and safety of the three types of operation were compared. Results The operation time [(15.5 ± 3.6) min] and wound healing time [( 2. 3 ± 0. 9 ) d] in A group and the operation time [( 16. 3 ± 4.5)min],wound healing time[(2.1 ± 0.5)d] in C group were all significantly shorter than those in B group,the differences were statistically significant(t=5.268,4.698,5.624,4.267,all P<0.05).The amount of bleeding in C group[(9.3 ± 0.6)mL] was the least,followed by A group[(12.2 ± 1.7)mL],and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant(t=8.256,7.254,all P<0.05).The postoperative wound VAS score among the three groups was statistically significant(F=12.674,P<0.001),and the VAS score in C group[(1.6 ± 0.7)points]<A group[(3.2 ± 1.5)points]<B group[(4.9 ± 2.3)points],the differences among the three groups were statistically significant(t=4.256,3.998,2.989,all P<0.05).The degree of facial swelling in C group was mild(39.29% ) and moderate(60.71% ),the differences were statistically significant compared with those in A group and B group(χ2 =5.226,11.651,all P<0.05).The incidence rate of complications in C group (0.00% ) was significantly lower than that in A group(11.54% ) and B group (16.67% ),the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 =3.934, P < 0.05).Conclusion Compared with the endoscopic nasal vestibule cysts, lip gingival trench path nasal vestibule excision,the low temperature plasma ablation under nasal endoscopy in the treatment of nasal vestibular cyst has the best efficacy,it is safe,less painful,and not easy to relapse.

Progress in survival regulatory mechanism of circulating tumor cells and their targeted therapeutic strategies / 肿瘤

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a kind of tumor cells disseminated in the peripheral blood circulation due to spontaneous operation, diagnosis or treatment. CTCs have been regarded as crucial source of tumor recurrence and metastasis. The recent studies show that CTCs can survive in circulatory system through overcoming mechanical damage of blood shear stress, evading immune destruction, and resistance to anoikis and systemic chemotherapy drugs. In this paper, the possible survival mechanisms involved in CTCs formation and migration are reviewed according to their biological characteristics and blood microenvironment, while the latest progress in the novel strategies for tumor treatment targeting CTCs is discussed.

Pathologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To study the clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP). Methods The clinicopathological features of 3 patients with BPOP were analyzed , and related literature was reviewed. Results 3 patients included 2 males and 1 female with an average age 40 years old (24-53 years old). The lesions in three patients were located in the left side of the distal radius, the left side of the little finger inside and the right side of ulna coracoid, respectively. Histologically, characterized by unusual mineralized cartilaginous matrix (`blue bone'), the lesion was composed of a heterogeneous mixture of bone, cartilage and fibrous tissue. Conclusion BPOP is a rare benign surface osteocartilaginous lesion, and its diagnosis and differential diagnosis mainly depend on radiographic and histopathologic features.

Influence of trimetazidine on left cardiac systolic function and plasma brain natriuretic peptide in alcoholic cardiomyopathy / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the influence of trimetazidine on left cardiac systolic function and plasma brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)in alcoholic cardiomyopathy.Methods 60 cases of alcoholic cardiomyopathy in our hospital from December 2014 to December 2015 were chosen to research,and they were divided into observation group and control group by random number table,30 patients in each group.The control group was treated with bisoprolol combined with strengthening heart,diuretic and other treatment,the observation group was treated with trimetazidine on the basis of routine treatment.Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD),each sub output(CO)after 6 months'treatment were compared.Results LVEF of the observation group was from pre -treatment (34.8 ±5.4)% up to (47.4 ±5.5)%,LVEDD value (49.1 ±6.5)min and CO values (5.6 ±0.7)L/min were significantly better than the control group[(53.4 ±7.5)min,(4.9 ±0.7)L/min],the differences were statistically significant(t =2.373,3.873,all P <0.05).BNP level of the observation group after treatment was significantly lower than control group[(455.8 ±133.2)fmoL/mL vs (542.7 ±128.3)fmoL/mL,t =2.574,P <0.05)].The total effective rate of the observation group (96.67%)was higher than that of the control group (80%),and the difference between the two groups was significant (χ2 =13.09,P <0.05 ).Conclusion Alcoholic cardiomyopathy should pay attention to the daily scientific daily routine,take measure to quit smoking and alcohol.Trimetazidine could effectively improve the left ventricular systolic function,decrease the level of BNP,thus is worthy of clinical application.

Efficacy evaluation of apparent diffusion coefficient from diffusion weighted imaging in identifying intermediate and high grade prostate cancer / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the utility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from DWI in identifying intermediate and high grade prostate cancer (patients harboring Gleason 4 and/or 5 components in their radical prostatectomy specimens). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the DWI of 54 patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer and biopsy Gleason score (GS)≤3+3=6. These patients were divided into two groups, intermediate and high grade prostate cancer (patients harboring Gleason 4 and/or 5 components in their radical prostatectomy specimens) and low-grade prostate cancer (patients not harboring Gleason 4 and/or 5 components in their radical prostatectomy specimens). ROIs were drawn on areas of the most suspicious lesion on T2WI and the ADC values were calculated. The ADC values of the two groups were compared to determine whether there were differences between them with independent-sample t test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the ability of ADC values in differentiating intermediate/high grade prostate cancer from low-grade prostate cancer. Results Twenty-eight patients had intermediate and high grade prostate cancer while the other twenty-six ones had low-grade prostate cancer. Significant differences were found for the ADC values of these two groups [(0.905±0.162)×10-3mm2/s vs. (1.143±0.165)×10-3mm2/s, t=5.361,P<0.01]. The area under the ROC curve of ADC in differentiating intermediate and high grade prostate cancer from low-grade prostate cancer was 0.861, with sensitivity of 88.5% and specificity of 67.9% at the cut-off of 1.000 × 10-3mm2/s. Conclusion The ADC values of suspicious areas in prostate contribute to identify intermediate/high grade prostate cancer in patients with a GS≤3+3=6 on biopsy.

Development of recruits training burnout self-reported questionnaires / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To develop recruits training burnout self-reported questionnaires, and test the reliability and validity.Methods 780 recruits(360 for first test ,420 for second test) in Xinjiang were randomly assesscd with training burnout self-reported questionnaires.Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied to the data, and tested the reliability and validity of recruits training burnout self-reported questionnaires.Results The questionnaires consisted of 13 items and 3 dimensions.One of the dimensions (physically and psychologically exhausted situation, training-alienation, low accomplishment) , explained 61.599％ of the total variance.Cronbach's α coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0.837, Cronbach's α coefficient of each partial scale were between 0.775 and 0.807.Split-half reliability of the whole scale reached to 0.817, split-half reliability of each partial were between 0.758 and 0.793.The correlation coefficient among each dimensions were 0.267 to 0.569 (P＜0.01) ,and the coefficient between each dimensions and the total score were between 0.671 and 0.857(P＜0.01).Confirmatory factor analysis showed that three factor model was optimal (GFI =0.935, AGFI =0.902, NFI =0.907, CFI =0.936, IFI =0.935, RMSEA =0.050).The three dimensions and the total questionnaire had significant positive correlations with mental stress (r=-0.215--0.313, P＜ 0.01) and significant negative correlations with depression(r=0.319-0.602, P＜0.01).Conclusion The recruits training burnout self-reported questionnaires meets the requirements of psychological surveying, and could be used to text recruits training burnout.

Effects of alcohol and alcohol expectations on executive function of social drinkers / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the influence on each dimension of executive function of social drinkers with moderate dose of alcohol intake and different alcohol expectations.Methods 90 university students who were social drinkers allocated randomly by a lottery method to drinking group (n=31),control group (n=30) and placebo group (n=29).The Stroop task,1-Back task and local-global task were employed to measure executive function from three aspects respectively,namely the inhibition,updating and shifting process.Results Drinking group was compared with the Control group in the three dimensions of executive function:inhibition ((61.65 ± 26.31) ms,(42.48 ± 32.94) ms),updating ((557.23 ± 86.24) ms,(515.02 ± 70.24) ms),and shifting process ((718.85±246.03) ms,(553.95± 151.74) ms).The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Placebo group was compared with the control group,in the three dimensions of executive function:inhibition ((39.25±29.35) ms,(42.48±32.94) ms),updating ((516.32±73.25) ms,(515.02±70.24) ms),and shifting process ((591.20± 193.07) ms,(553.95± 151.74) ms),all the differences had no statistically significance (P＞ 0.05).In the drinking group,positive expectation was negatively related to each dimension of executive function (-0.427,-0.330,-0.383).The inhibition and the shifting process appeared significant correlation(P＜0.05).Negative expectation was positively related to each dimension of executive function (0.251,0.323,0.377).The shifting process appeared significant correlation (P＜0.05).Regression analysis showed that positive expectation was significantly negative predictions of inhibition and shifting process.Conclusion Executive function of social drinkers is damaged after moderate alcohol intake,and there are differences between executive function damage of different alcohol expectancy drinkers.

The characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux disease overlapping with functional bowel diseases in gastrointestinal clinic / 中华内科杂志

Objective To analyze the common symptoms in our gastrointestinal (GI) clinic of a general hospital and the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) combined with functional bowel diseases (FBD) was also investigated.Methods Data of out-patients who visited GI clinic from April to June,2011 were collected,including demographic information and chief complaints.A validated Chinese Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) was used to assess the frequency and severity of typical gastroesophageal reflux (GER) symptoms.Reflux esophagitis (RE) and non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (NERD) werc differentiated according to RDQ scores,endoscopic diagnosis,and response to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).FBD was diagnosed based on Rome Ⅲ criteria.Results Totally 1074 patients (98.3％) had completed the questionnaires.A total of 107 patients(10％) were diagnosed as GERD among 351 patients(32.7％) who had GER symptoms.A total of 404 cases (37.6％)presented symptoms of chronic abdominal pain/bloating,chronic diarrhea/constipation.Totally 206 cases (19.2％) of FBD were diagnosed,including 63 irritable bowl disease (IBS),40 functional constipation and others.RDQ scores were positively correlated with the prevalence of other atypical GER symptoms,as well as chronic bloating,constipation,the incidence of IBS and functional constipation (FC) (P ＜ 0.05).Further,the incidences of chronic bloating[25.2％ (27/107)],chronic constipation[14.0％ (15/107)],IBS [10.3％ (11/107)] and FC[7.5％ (8/107)] in GERD patients were higher than those in non-GERD patients [16.6％(160/966),7.1％ (69/966),5.4％ (52/966),3.3％ (32/966),all P ＜0.05].Higher rate of NERD than RE overlapping with FBD was found,but without statistic significance.Conclusions GERD frequently represents with chronic bloating and constipation,usually overlaps with IBS and FC.The severity of GERD symptoms is associated with higher rate of overlapping with FBDs.

The clinical value of MR elastography in the diagnosis of prostate cancer / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value of MR elastography in the diagnosis of prostate cancer at 3.0 T, and to assess the elasticity and viscosity of prostate cancer and benign prostatic diseases. Methods Eight patients (63±7years old) with 12 foci of prostate cancer and 10 patients(59±3 years old) with 14 foci of prostatitis in the peripheral zone were evaluated by MR elastography.MR elastography was performed by transmitting low-frequency longitudinal mechanical waves of 100 Hz into prostate with a transducer placed above the pubic bones. The phase images were reconstructed to acquire viscoelastic mapping. T test was used to compare the mean elasticity and viscosity of prostate cancer and prostatitis. The correlation of elasticity and Gleason scores between prostate cancer and prostatitis were also retrospectively analyzed with Pearson Correlation. Results The mean elasticity and viscosity were significantly higher in prostate cancer[(6.55±0.47)kPa,(6.56±0.99)Pa·s,respectively]than in prostatitis[(1.99±0.66)kPa,(2.13±0.21)Pa·s,respectively],and the difference was statistically significant (t=19.392,16. 372; P ＜ 0.01). In 8 patients with prostate cancer, the Gleason scores were 5 (2 cases), 6 (3 cases), 7 (2 cases) and 8 (1 case), respectively. The mean elasticity for the cases with different Gleason scores was 5.83,6.02,7.45 and 8.05 kPa, respectively. There was a positive correlation between Gleason scores and elasticity of the prostate cancer( r = 0. 913, P ＜ 0. 01 ) in this study.Conclusion MR elastography can be used to visualize the difference in stiffness between prostate cancer and benign prostatic disease, it is a new imaging method with great potential in grading of prostate cancer.

Differentiation of prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the transitional zone by magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging / 中华全科医师杂志

Twenty patients with prostate cancer and 20 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in the transitional zone underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) /magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ( MRSI ) examinations. The choline + creatine/citrate (CC/Ci) ratio and the choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) ratio were evaluated in each voxel with cancer or BPH confirmed by pathological results.Discriminant analysis was used to determine the power of the two ratios in differentiation between cancer and BPH. The CC/Ci ratio and Cho/Cr ratio for cancer voxels were significantly higher than those in the voxels with BPH in the transitional zone (CC/Ci: 2.26 ± 1.35 vs. 0.81 ±0.22, t =5.17, P ＜0. 01, Cho/Cr:4. 12 ± 1.65 vs. 1.25 ±0. 35, P＜0. 01 ). As for the discriminant function with the CC/Cr ratio and the Cho/Cr ratio, the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy were 99%, 86%, 93% respectively for the differentiation between cancer and BPH.

Eighteen cases of plerosising intra-orbital wall blow-out fracture with the nasal septal cartilage under the endoscopic transnasal / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the surgical method of plerosising intra-orbital wall blow-out fracture through ethmoid sinuses under trans-nasal endoscopy with the graft of nasal septal cartilage.@*METHOD@#Eighteen patients who encounter the intra-orbital wall blow-out fracture were plerosised under trans-nasal endoscopy through ethmoid sinuses. As a part of the surgical method, the nasal septal cartilage was taken as the graft. We analyzed the curative effect of the method.@*RESULT@#The follow-up was from half a year to one year, all of the 18 patients met the cure standards without the graft prolapsus.@*CONCLUSION@#It is a feasible surgical method to plerosis intra-orbital wall blow-out fracture under the endoscopic transnasal with the graft of nasal septal cartilage through ethmoid sinuses, which is direct-viewing,micro- trauma, well-histocompatibility and so on.

A HIFU surgery using 8-DOF robotic surgery platform / 生物医学工程学杂志

Robots are being more and more used in surgery. High Intensity Focused Ultrasound is newly used in tumor treatment and it is non invasive. In this paper, we introduced a Robot integrated HIFU surgery system and its general flow. Also introduced is an 8 DOF surgical platform, its design, its mechanism and its kinematic analysis. In the end, we give out two spatial working areas individually. Each is the combination of 5 dimensional motions. Compared with other platforms available, this surgery platform is more flexible and accurate and its treatment area is larger. All these advantages make the treatment design easier.

VECTORIAL CAPACITY OF ANOPHELES LESTERIANTHROPOPHAGVS IN TRANSMITTING FILARIASIS MALAYIIN LESHAN PREFECTURE, SICHUAN PROVINCE / 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

The mosquito vector of filariasis malayi and its vectorial capacity was investigated In 5 endemic villages in Leshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The results showed that the man-biting rate, numan blood index and vectorial capacity of An. lesteri anthropophagus were 0.7, 5.1 and 10.63 times higher than those of An. sinensis. Besides, the natural infection by microfilaria in An, lesteri anthropophagus was also higher than that in An. sinensis by 5 times.From the above result, the authors concluded that An. lesteri anthropophagus was the main vector for transmitting filariasis malayi in the area under study.

AN OBSERVATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION AND MORPHOLOGY OF 5-HT IMMUNOREACTIVE ENDOCRINE CELLS IN THEGASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF RATS / 解剖学报

The distribution and morphology of 5-HT immunoreactive endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of 5 adult rats were studied by the immunohistochemicael PAP method with nickel-intensified DAB on paraffin sections of intestine rolls. The density of 5-HT immunoreactive endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat is highest in the pylorus, duodenum and colon and moderate in the jejunum, ileum, caecum and rectum and lowest in the body of the stomach. The 5-HT immunoreactive endocrine cells are various in shape. Some of them have several processes extending between other epithelial cells. The basal portion of some endocrine cells have processes with 5-HT positive substance accumulating in their ends. The processes of the basal portion of some endocrine cells extend into lamina propria through the basal membrane. The 5-HT positive substance of many endocrine cells can be found to extend to luminal surface of the crypt or intestinal tract. These results indicate that the 5-HT immunoreactive endocrine cells can release 5-HT by both endocrine and exocrine ways.

DISTRIBUTION AND MORPHOLOGIC OBSERVATION OF ARGYROPHIL AND ARGENTAFFIN CELLS IN SMALL INTESTINE OF RATS / 解剖学报

Distribution and morphology of argyrophil and argentaffin cells in small intestine of 11 rats were studied by means of Huang's method of argyrophil reaction and Singh's method of argentaffin reaction on paraffin sections of intestine rolls. The results are as follows:1. The density of argyrophil and argentaffin cells in rat small intestine is the highest in the duodenum and progressively decreases from jejunum to ileum.2. The staining intensity of argyrophil and argentaffin cells is lowest in the basal portion of crypts and progressively increases from crypts to villus. Intensely stained argyrophil and argentaffin cells in the villus tip were observed. The basal portion of the argyrophil cells has cytoplasmic processes extending to connective tissue of the lamina propria and the argyrophil granules are released to lamina propria along these processes. Argyrophil granules can usually be found to extend to the luminal surface of these cells; occasionally they were observed extracellularly in the gland cavity, suggesting that argyrophil and argentaffin cells may have both endocrine and exocrine functions.3. Some argyrophil cells can be found in connective tissue of the lamina propria. The cells are irregular in shape and possesses processes. There are argyrophil granules in perikaryon and the processes and occasionally outside the cells. The argyrophil cells in the lamina propria are the same as those among epithelial cells in shape, argyrophil property and density of the granules. It is possible that these cells belong to endocrine cells.