ABSTRACT
Background: Childhood hypertension is a public health concern because of associated cardio-metabolic morbidities in adulthood. Overweight and obesity are main drivers and predictors of childhood hypertension. There is paucity of studies on waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) –measures of central obesity -as predictors of hypertension in children. The study was done to determine if WC and WHR predicts hypertension in children.Study Design:The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study:Primary schools in Owerri Municipal Local Government Area (LGA), Imo State, Nigeria between September 2017 to April 2018. Methodology:809 school children aged 6-12 years were recruited from three public and six private primary schools using multi-staged sampling method. Their blood pressure (BP), weight, height, hip circumference and WC were measured using standard techniques. The BMI and WHR were then calculated. Central obesity was defined as WC ≥90thpercentile. The data were analyzed with IBM-SPSS 21.Results:The male female ratio was 1:1. The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension were 8.50% and 2.70% respectively. While those of overweight, obesity and centralobesity were 5.10%, 5.90% and 10.10% respectively. WC significantly and positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) [r = 0.57, p = 0.0001] and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [r = 0.57, p = 0.0001]. WHR had a negative correlation with SBP and DBP [r = -0.33, p = 0.0001 in both cases]. Central obesity increased the odds of developing systolic and diastolic prehypertension/hypertensionby 9 and 8 folds respectively.Conclusion:Central obesity predicted prehypertension/hypertension in primary school children in this study and therefore can be used as screening tool in programs to prevent childhood obesity and hypertension
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar el uso de los micronutrientes y grado de anemia en niños menores de 3 años atendidos en un Centro de Salud de Ica 2017. Materiales y métodos: El estudio fue cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, y transversal, la muestra estuvo conformada por 40 niños menores de tres años con sus respectivas madres, la técnica que se utilizó fue la observación y el análisis documental. Resultados: En relación a los datos generales de la madre, el 47.5% (19) tienen 19 a 34 años, el 50% (20) tienen instrucción superior, el 40% (16) son solteras y el 57.5% (23) trabaja fuera de casa; sobre los datos del niño, el 55% (22) tienen de 6 a 12 meses, el 72.5% (29) recibió solo lactancia materna hasta los seis meses y el 100% (40) inició la alimentación complementaria a los 6 meses. El uso de micronutrientes es adecuado en el 82.5% (33) de las madres y es inadecuado en el 17.5% (07). Según valores de hemoglobina, el 62.5% (25) de los niños no presentan anemia, el 37.5% (15) presentan anemia leve, no encontrando niños con anemia moderada ni anemia severa. Conclusiones: El uso de micronutrientes que administran las madres a sus niños es adecuado y los niños no presentan anemia en su mayoría, existiendo porcentajes menores de niños con anemia leve por lo que se sugiere que se continúe con el abastecimiento continuo de los micronutrientes realizando campañas educativas a fin de comprometer a las madres en la administración correcta de los micronutrientes en sus menores hijos aprovechando los momentos de contacto con las madres para la educación respectiva en las sala de espera, durante sus controles de inmunizaciones, controles CRED, y realizar un monitoreo periódico del control de hemoglobina. (AU)
Objective: To determine the use of micronutrients and the degree of anemia in children under 3 years of age served in an Ica Health Center 2017. Materials and methods: The study was quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional, the sample consisted of 40 children under three years with their respective mothers, the technique used was observation and documentary analysis. Results: In relation to the general data of the mother, 47.5% (19) are 19 to 34 years old, 50% (20) have higher education, 40% (16) are single and 57.5% (23) work ; On the data of the child, 55% (22) have from 6 to 12 months, 72.5% (29) received only breastfeeding until six months and 100% (40) started complementary feeding at 6 months. The use of micronutrients is adequate in 82.5% (33) of mothers and is inadequate in 17.5% (07). According to hemoglobin values, 62.5% (25) of the children do not have anemia, 37.5% (15) have mild anemia, and there are no children with moderate anemia or severe anemia. Conclusions: The use of micronutrients administered by mothers to their children is mostly adequate and children do not have anemia in their majority. There are smaller percentages of children with mild anemia, so it is suggested that continuous supply of the micronutrients conducting educational campaigns in order to engage mothers in the correct administration of micronutrients in their younger children, taking advantage of the moments of contact with mothers for the respective education in the waiting room, during their immunization controls, CRED controls, and perform periodic monitoring of hemoglobin control. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Micronutrients/therapeutic use , Anemia , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de ansiedad y proceso de afrontamiento en los adultos mayores atendidos en un Centro de Salud Ica Perú 2017. Materiales y métodos: El estudio fue cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, y transversal, la muestra estuvo conformada por 62 adultos mayores que fueron seleccionados a través del muestreo no probabilístico intencional, la técnica que se utilizó fue la encuesta y entrevista. Resultados: En relación a los datos generales, el 56% es de sexo femenino, el 58% tienen entre 60 a 70 años, el 45% son empleados, el 89% presentan alguna enfermedad crónica, y el 45% vive con su cónyuge. Respecto al Nivel de ansiedad de los adultos mayores según escala de Hamilton el 58% presenta intensidad leve, 35% no presenta ansiedad, 5% intensidad media y el 2% tiene intensidad elevada. El Proceso de afrontamiento es desfavorable en la dimensión resolución de problemas, expresión emocional, apoyo social y evitación de problemas con 58%, 61%; 52%, 53% y favorable en 42%; 39%; 48% y 47% obteniéndose un consolidado global desfavorable en 56%(35) y favorable en 44%(27). Conclusiones: El nivel de ansiedad es leve en la mayoría de los adultos mayores, aunque existe un 5% con intensidad media y 2% tiene intensidad elevada; el proceso de afrontamiento es desfavorable, por lo que se recomienda la valoración geriátrica integral así como sitios de encuentro entre pares con el fin que pueda socializar con más personas de su misma edad lo cual contribuirá en una mejor calidad de vida. (AU)
Objective: To determine the level of anxiety and coping process in the elderly served in an Ica Peru 2017 Health Center. Materials and methods: The study was quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional; the sample consisted of 62 older adults who were selected through intentional non-probabilistic sampling, the technique used was the survey and interview. Results: In relation to the general data, 56% are female, 58% are between 60 and 70 years old, 45% are employed, 89% have some illness, and 45% live with their spouse. Regarding the anxiety level of the elderly according to the Hamilton scale, 58% present mild intensity, 35% have no anxiety, 5% average intensity and 2% have high intensity. The process of coping is unfavorable in the dimension of problem solving, emotional expression, social support and avoidance of problems with 58%, 61%; 52%, 53% and favorable in 42%; 39% ; 48% and 47% obtaining a global consolidated is unfavorable in 56% and favorable in 44% according to results. Conclusions: The level of anxiety is mild in the majority of older adults, although there is 5% with medium intensity and 2% with high intensity; the process of coping is unfavorable, which is why comprehensive geriatric assessment is recommended as well as meeting places between peers so that you can socialize with more people of the same age, which will contribute to a better quality of life. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anxiety Disorders , Aged , Health Centers , Adaptation to Disasters , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
HIV positive mothers, who choose not to breastfeed their babies in a predominantly breastfeeding community would face a number of barriers. This study looked at the experiences of HIV positive mothers who chose the no breastfeeding option. Consecutive HIV positive mothers who opted not to breastfeed their infants after infant feeding counselling and whose infants were attending the HIV programme at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria were recruited for the study. Disclosure of HIV serostatus and adherence to no breastfeeding options were evaluated using an interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Of the 62 mothers recruited for the study, 57 (91.94 %) had disclosed their serostatus to at least their partners. Most partners 42 (93.33%) were supportive while three mothers were divorced following disclosure. Thirteen (20.97%) mothers could not comply with no breastfeeding. Non disclosure of serostatus, pressure from extended family and token breastfeeding mitigate against adhering to no breastfeeding by HIV positive mothers (Afr J Reprod Health 2009; 13[1]:27-35)
Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , HIV Infections , Mothers , NigeriaABSTRACT
The transmission of HIV via breastmilk has led to various recommendations for HIV-infected mothers. In this study, the feeding practices of HIV-infected mothers in the first six months of their infants' lives were evaluated. In total, 103 consecutive mothers of children, aged 6-24 months, were evaluated for their feeding practices in the first six months of their infants' lives. The mothers were recruited in two cohorts based on their entry (PMTCT cohort) or non-entry (non-PMTCT cohort) to an HIV MTCT-prevention programme. Information obtained included maternal age, socioeconomic class, and the educational level attained. All the babies in the non-PMTCT cohort were breastfed compared to none in the PMTCT cohort. Infant formula was inadequately prepared for 77.42% of babies in the non-PMTCT cohort compared to 18.64% in the PMTCT cohort. The mixed-feeding rate was high (70.45%) in the non-PMTCT cohort. Over 70% of babies in both the cohorts were bottle-fed. Voluntary counselling and testing services in the healthcare system should be strengthened. All mothers should receive infant-feeding counselling, with exclusive breastfeeding being encouraged in those with unknown HIV status.
Subject(s)
Adult , Bottle Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Educational Status , Female , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Infant , Infant Care/methods , Infant Food/statistics & numerical data , Infant Formula/statistics & numerical data , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Male , Maternal Age , Nigeria , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 44 lactantes ingresados por escabiosis en el Hospital Infantil Norte Dr. Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira de Santiago de Cuba, durante el primer trimestre del 2007. La investigación reveló que los niños y niñas de 0 - 2 y 3 - 5 meses fueron los más afectados por esa enfermedad cutánea, pero predominantemente los varones. Las lesiones prevalecieron en plantas, palmas y glúteos, sobre todo las clasificadas como vesiculopustulosas. Las abuelas y las madres constituyeron las fuentes de transmisión y el tratamiento prescrito se correspondió con el grado de afectación presentada.
A descriptive and cross-sectional study in 44 infants with scabies admitted to Dr. Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira Northern Children Hospital of Santiago de Cuba was conducted during the first trimester of 2007. The investigation revealed that infants between 0 - 2 and 3 - 5 months were the most affected by this skin disorder, predominating the male sex. The lesions prevailed in soles, palms and buttocks, mainly those classified as vesiculopustular. Mothers and grandmothers constituted the transmission sources, and treatment was in correpondence with the degree of involvement.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Scabies/prevention & control , Scabies/therapy , Scabies/transmission , Sarcoptes scabiei , Skin Diseases , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
La presencia de la condición PSE (pálida, suave, exudativa) en canales porcinas causa altas pérdidas económicas a la industria cárnica y según estudios presenta asociación con muchas variables. Para analizarlas se muestrearon 474 canales de cerdos comerciales y se les midió el pH (pHmetro IQ 200 Scientific Instruments®, con sonda de silicio tipo ISFET®) a 45 minutos (pH45) y a 24 horas post-sacrificio en el músculo semimembranoso. Las variables analizadas fueron genética, sexo, alimento, tiempo de ayuno, peso vivo; duración del transporte, densidad, temperatura y humedad relativa durante el transporte; tipo de camión, tiempo de reposo, grasa dorsal, rendimiento en canal y mermas. En el análisis estadístico se aplicó la técnica de componentes principales, GLM con prueba de contraste de Tukey con un 95% de significancia, y distribución de frecuencias univariada y bivariada. Los resultados demuestran que hubo asociación altamente significativa (p<0.01) entre el pH45 y la densidad, alimento, camión, genética y reposo; el sexo y el tiempo de transporte tuvieron asociación significativa (p<0.05). Se encontró diferencia entre los tipos de genética, entre los sexos y entre los tipos de alimento (p<0.05). Se presentaron las interacciones sexo-ayuno, sexo-alimento, sexo-reposo y sexo-transporte (p<0.05). Esto indica que la condición PSE no es unicausal y como tal debe ser manejada.
The presence of the PSE (pale, soft and exudative) condition in porcine carcass causes high economic losses to the meat industry. The PSE appearance depends on many variables, some of which are intrinsic of the animal, and others are related to transportation conditions to the slaughterhouse. The aim of the present study was to determine if there is or not an association between some of the above mentioned variables and the PSE condition. The studied variables were: genetic, sex, food, weight, time of fasting, time of transportation, density, temperature and humidity during transportation, type of truck, resting time, dorsal fat, carcass efficiency and carcass weight losses. Carcasses of commercial genetic pigs (n = 474) were tested and semimembranous muscle pH was done at 45 minutes (pH45 ) and then at 24 h post-sacrifice, using IQ 200 Scientific Instruments®, with an ISFET® type probe. Test of principal components of GLM with contrast test of Tukey with 95% of significance, and univariate and divariate frequencies distribution was applied. The results demonstrate that there was highly significant association (p<0.01) between pH45 and variables as density, food, type of truck, genetic and the resting time. The sex and the time of transportation also had significant association (p<0.05), but only with pH45 . Additionally, differences between genetic, sex (highest values of pH45 to males) and food (p<0.05) were found. Also, there were interactions between: sex - fasting, sex - food, sex - resting and sex - transportation (p<0.05). According to the results, PSE condition is not a unicausal phenomenon and consequently it needs an integral managment.
ABSTRACT
HOPE worldwide Jamaica has provided mobile curative and preventative services to fourteen rural government clinics since 1994. The patient records of 1,091 chronic disease patients, aged >30 years between January and December 1999 were reviewed. They were all above 30 years of age with an average age of 64 years; 81were female and 60were hypertensive, 16diabetic and 24had both diabetes and hypertension. There were 2,390 visits for hypertension, with an average of 2 visits per patient. Thirty-four per cent of patients had BP of < or = 140/90 mmHg while 43had BP <160/ 95 mmHg. Compliance was defined as daily consistency in taking prescribed medication. Forty-four per cent of hypertensives were non-compliant at the time of their visit. Anti-hypertensive treatment included thiazide diuretics (65), reserpine (50), ACE inhibitors (30) and alpha-methyldopa (5). There were 1,129 visits for diabetes, with an average of 2 visits per patient. Twenty-four per cent of diabetic patients were controlled to fasting blood glucose FBG levels of <6.7 mmol/l and 38controlled to (FBG) levels <8 mmol/l. Thirty per cent of diabetics were non-compliant at the time of their visit. The most frequently used oral hypoglycaemic agents were metformin (78), glyburide (43) and chlorpropamide (30). Fourteen per cent of diabetics were on treatment with insulin 70/30 (12) and lente insulin (2). Electrocardiograms (ECG) were done on 24(n=267) of patients in the previous two years. Thirty-six per cent had evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and 15had evidence of ischaemic heart disease. The level of blood pressure and blood glucose control is inadequate, despitethe provision of regular monitoring, surveillance and improved access to pharmaceuticals. It is perceived that poor socioeconomic conditions, lack of education, cultural beliefs, in addition to other factors, continue to militate against improved compliance and control.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Community Health Centers/organization & administration , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Hypertension/prevention & control , Rural Health Services/organization & administration , Mobile Health Units/organization & administration , Public Health Administration , Program Evaluation , Community Health Centers , Patient Compliance , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Chronic Disease , Hypertension/diagnosis , Hypertension/drug therapy , Voluntary Health Agencies , Jamaica , Rural Health Services , Mobile Health UnitsABSTRACT
Siendo una realidad que nuestros pacientes con cáncer de esófago todavía llegan en etapa muy avanzada de su enfermedad y, a pesar de los esfuerzos terapéuticos combinados para mejorar su pobre sobrevida, la paliación sigue siendo importante en el manejo de estos desdichados pacientes. Desde el último trimestre de 1984, cinco pacientes con cáncer avanzado del esófago, tres hombres, dos mujeres; todos mayores de 62 años; tres con fístula esófago-traqueal o bronquial y dos con tumor T2 más metástasis ganglionares y hepáticas múltiples, fueron sometidos, siguiendo el protocolo conjunto entre los Servicios de Cirugía IV y Gastroenterología del Hospital Universitario de Caracas, (UCV), a tratamiento paliativo de Radioterapia externa seguida de la colocación de la endoprótesis modificada de Haring, bajo lineamientos de técnica propia de tracción y por gastrostomía. No hubo complicaciones postoperatorias inherentes al procedimiento; un paciente falleció al XVo. día postoperatorio por insuficiencia respiratoria habiendo sido su condición preoperatoria de riesgo aumentado por enfermedad broncopulmonar obstructiva crónica. El 80% de los pacientes tuvieron una sobrevida conocida promedio de 6 meses. La endoprótesis no se desplazó en ningún caso y el aditamento antirreflujo permitió reiniciar la alimentación oral al Vo. día postoperatorio. Estos resultados recomiendan el procedimiento al mejorar la calidad de vida de estos pacientes
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery , Surgical Procedures, Operative/rehabilitationABSTRACT
Demuestra el procedimiento de aislamiento, indentificaci¢n y titpificaci¢n de los agentes bacterianos...
Subject(s)
Bacteriological Techniques , Ear Canal , Mouth , Nasal Cavity , Oropharynx , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Estudia las reacciones serol¢gicas aplicadas al diaggn¢stico bacteriol¢gico y pruebas espec¡ficas de diagn¢stico serol¢gico...
Subject(s)
BCG Vaccine , Rickettsiaceae Infections , Salmonella Infections , Serology , Syphilis Serodiagnosis , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Hace una introducci¢n al estudio práctico de la microbiolog¡a, presenta la estructura bacteriana y las técnicas de laboratorio. También presenta procedmientos especiales empleados en bacteriolog¡a médica...
Subject(s)
Bacterial Growth , Bacteriology , Environment , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Debido a la relativa refractariedad del melanoma a la quimioterapia citotóxica sistémica, nuevas formas de tratamiento se han ensayado continuamente a fin de mejorar la supervivencia y disminuir la tasa de recurrencias. En este artículo analizamos tres aspectos: a) La experiencia mundial sobre las diferentes formas de tratamiento del melanoma de las extremidades y, concluímos que, el mejor tratamiento de la lesión primaria consiste en realizar en el mismo acto operatorio: escisión local, vaciamiento ganglionar y perfusión hipertérmica regional. Si el melanoma es recurrente, la terapia ideal consiste en vaciamiento ganglionar (si éste no fue realizado anteriormente) más perfusión; b) Se describen las pautas para selecionar los pacientes que serán sometidos a este procedimiento y detalladamente la técnica de la perfusión, basándonos en la forma como lo describió Oscar Creech en 1958 y como lo planificamos conjuntamente con el Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular y Hematología y Oncología; c) Describimos la experiencia que hemos acumulado con este procedimiento practicado en dos pacientes que teníam melanoma en las extremidades inferiores, atendidos el Servicio de Cirugía IV del Hostal Universitario de Caracas. El primero, con melanoma recurrente, fue sometido a perfusión hipertérmica usando Cis-Platinum y Actinomicina D, con respuesta objetiva del 50 por ciento. El segundo caso es una paciente con melanoma primario en el talón izquierdo, a quien se le practicó, en el mismo acto operatorio, escisión local del primario, vaciamiento ganglionar ínguino-ilíaco perfusión hipertérmica del miembro inferior izquierdo usando Cis-Platinum y Actinomicina D. En este caso, se llegó a la desarticulación de la cadera izquierda por trombosis arterial y venosa de los vasos femorales, complicación atribuída a 2 hechos: 1. Anomalía anatómica de los vasos femorales comunes que estaban practicamente ausentes y 2. Falta de heparinización terapéutica en el post-operatorio
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Platinum/therapeutic use , Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion/methods , Dactinomycin/therapeutic use , Extremities , Melanoma/drug therapyABSTRACT
Presentamos una niña de 9 años de edad con una tuberculosis colicuativa (escrofuloderma) de localización inguinal. Una reordenación didáctica de la clasificación de las TBC cutáneas es presentada
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Female , Groin , Tuberculosis, Cutaneous/pathology , Tuberculosis, Cutaneous/classificationABSTRACT
Comunicamos un epitelioma basocelular vulvar de evolucion histologica y curso clinico poco comunes, en el que la posibilidad de un origen mucoso no puede descartarse. Se remarca la necesidad de la precision de los informes histologicos en los epiteliomas basocelulares. Consideramos el galvanocauterio un recurso terapeutico alternativo