ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are several evidences of reduced cochlea blood flow after noise exposure in the cochlea. However, the pathophysiology of blood flow change is still obscure, and endothelins, proteins that constrict blood vessels and play a key role in vascular homeostasis using its receptors may have importance in this respect. In this study, we investigated the expression changes of endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin receptor A (ETAR) and B (ETBR) according to auditory threshold change after noise exposure. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Mice were exposed to different noise to generate transient (group 2) and permanent threshold shift (group 3), respectively. Auditory threshold shifts were evaluated with auditory brainstem response and expression changes of ET-1, ETAR and ETBR after noise exposure were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real time RT-PCR. RESULTS: After noise exposure, the increased ET-1, ETAR and ETBR immunoreactivities were observe in stria vascularis, spiral ligament and spiral ganglion neuron. ET-1 mRNA expressions increased after noise exposure in both group 2 and group 3 compared to those of the control group. At 2 weeks after noise exposure, however, the ET-1 mRNA expressions in group 3 increased compared to that of the control but decreased compared to that of group 2. On the other hand, ETAR mRNA expression increased at 2 weeks after noise exposure in both groups, just after noise exposure in group 2 and at 2 weeks after noise exposure in group 3. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that expression changes of ET-1, ETAR and ETBR might be associated with hearing threshold shift and recovery after noise exposure in the cochlea.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Auditory Threshold , Blood Vessels , Cochlea , Endothelin-1 , Endothelins , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem , Hand , Hearing , Homeostasis , Immunohistochemistry , Neurons , Noise , Proteins , Receptors, Endothelin , RNA, Messenger , Spiral Ganglion , Spiral Ligament of Cochlea , Stria VascularisABSTRACT
As diagnosis and treatment methods of malignant tumors have improved, the average length of a patient's life and the opportunity of detecting multiple primary malignant tumors have also increased. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck often have multiple cancers, esophageal cancer being the most common associated cancer. FDG PET-CT has become an accepted and widely used imaging modality for detecting the metastasis or multiple primary cancers and for the follow-up in the head and neck cancer. We report an unusual case of synchronous triple primary cancer undetected by the PET-CT with a review of literature.
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Esophageal Neoplasms , Follow-Up Studies , Head , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Neck , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary , Positron-Emission TomographyABSTRACT
Osseous hemangiomas are uncommon, constituting less than 1% of all osseous tumors. The most frequent sites are the calvaria and the vertebral column. Involvement of the facial bones is rare, and occurs most commonly in the maxilla, mandible, and nasal bones. In nasal cavity, only one case of inferior turbinate involvement has been reported in the English-language literature. We report two cases of osseous hemangioma of the middle turbinate diagnosed by histopathologic confirmation. Because of their infrequent appearance in the nasal cavity, vague symptoms and unknown typical radiologic findings, these tumors can be missed in many cases or may be misinterpreted as other osseous tumors.
Subject(s)
Facial Bones , Hemangioma , Mandible , Maxilla , Nasal Bone , Nasal Cavity , Skull , Spine , TurbinatesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Erythropoietin (EPO) is produced in the kidney and locally in the CNS and acts through binding to erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R). Apart from playing an essential role in erythropoiesis, recent research has shown that EPO has neurotrophic and neuroprotective functions in the CNS and found EPO and EPO-R in the inner ear. The aim of this study is to investigate distribution and expression of EPO and EPO-R in the inner ear after noise exposure. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Normal guinea pigs were exposed to noise. Ten of them were sacrificed at 1 hour of the noise exposure (group B) and another 10 animals were sacrificed at day 7 (group C). Four were normal controls that were not exposed to noise (Group A). Auditory function was evaluated by ABR for 7 days. Noise-induced morphological changes of cochlea were studied by phalloidin stain. The expression of EPO and EPO-R was examined by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: The hearing threshold shift reached a level of 40 dB SPL at 8 kHz at day 1 after noise exposure and underwent a partial recovery at day 7. Increased expression of EPO and EPO-R were observed at the level of spiral ganglion cells in the noise-exposed animals. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that noise exposure affects the distribution and expression of EPO and EPO-R in the inner ear.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cochlea , Ear, Inner , Erythropoiesis , Erythropoietin , Guinea , Guinea Pigs , Hearing , Kidney , Noise , Phalloidine , Receptors, Erythropoietin , Spiral GanglionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether repeated long-term exposure of ozone has an effect on airway remodeling and whether ozone exposure has an aggravating effect on airway remodeling during allergen challenge in previously sensitized mice. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Forty female BALB/c mice were divided into four groups as follows: Group I as the control group, Group II the ovalbumin aerosol exposure group, Group III the ozone exposure group, and Group IV the ovalbumin aerosol and ozone exposure group. Twenty-four hours after the last OVA challenge, the concentration of IFN-gamma, IL-5, IL-13 and TGF-beta and the count of eosinophil and lymphocyte were measured in nasal lavage fluid (NLF) and bronchoalvelolar lavage fluid (BALF). Immunohistochemical staining for MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were performed. Trichrome staining was also conducted to evaluate subepithelial fibrosis. RESULTS: Group II and III exhibited increased IL-5, IL-13, and TGF-beta in NLF and BALF, compared to Group I;Group IV showed more increased pattern for these cytokines, compared to Group II and III. Group II, III, and IV also showed increased expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1, compared to Group I in lung;Group II and IV showed more compared to Group I and III in nasal cavity mucosa. Subepithelial fibrosis was prominent in Group II, III, and IV, compared with group I. In group IV, subepithelial fibrosis was more increased than Group II and III. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that ozone exposure induces remodeling in upper and lower airway and also enhances allergen-mediated airway remodeling in previously sensitized animals.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Airway Remodeling , Cytokines , Eosinophils , Fibrosis , Interleukin-13 , Interleukin-5 , Lymphocytes , Mucous Membrane , Nasal Cavity , Nasal Lavage Fluid , Ovalbumin , Ovum , Ozone , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial , Therapeutic Irrigation , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 , Transforming Growth Factor betaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The imbalance between a Th1 response and a Th2 response may be one feature of allergic diseases' pathophysiology. IL-18, originally called the IFN-gamma inducing factor, stimulates both Th1 and Th2 responses depending on cytokine milieu. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of intranasal and intraperitoneal administration of IL-18 in mice with experimentally induced airway allergy. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Female BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized with ovalbumin mixed with aluminum hydroxide and were challenged with the intranasal instillation of ovalbumin. IL-18 was instilled to nasal cavities or injected into peritoneum according to the experimental group. After provocation test, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and IL-4, IL-5, IL-18 and IFN-gamma were measured. The degree of eosinophilic infiltration were evaluated at the peribronchial region of the lung specimen. RESULTS: The concentration of IL-4 and IL-5 within BALF and peribronchial infiltration of eosinophils were significantly suppressed in the groups treated with IL-18 than in the control group. The intranasal instillation of IL-18 suppressed Th2 cytokines more effectively than the intraperitoneal injection. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that allergic inflammation can be suppressed with the intranasal instillation of IL-18.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Aluminum Hydroxide , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Cytokines , Eosinophils , Hypersensitivity , Inflammation , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Interleukin-18 , Interleukin-4 , Interleukin-5 , Lung , Nasal Cavity , Ovalbumin , PeritoneumABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of cisplatin is limited by dose-dependent nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity. Some papers demonstrated that procaine hydrochloride increases the therapeutic index of cisplatin, reducing nephrotoxicity, improving antitumor activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of procain hydrochloride on cisplatin induced ototoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Procaine hydrochloride was used to prevent the ototoxic effects of cisplatin. To evaluate the efficacy, ABR threshold shifts and histopathologic examinations were performed. RESULTS: After injection of cisplatin, ABR indicated that procaine hydrochloride reduced threshold shift significantly. The cochlear hair cells, especially outer hair cells in basal turn, were severely damaged in cisplatin treated group comparing to cisplatin/procaine hydrochloride treated group. In cisplatin/ procaine hydrochloride treated cochlea, the apoptotic cells were decreased compared to cisplatin treated group. CONCLUSION: Procaine hydrochloride might protect cisplatin induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs.