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Objective @#To investigate the incidence of suspected adverse events following immunization(AEFI) in Chongchuan District, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province from 2008 to 2022, so as to provide insights into safety assessment of vaccines. @*Methods@#The data on AEFI surveillance in Chongchuan District from 2008 to 2022 were collected through the National Immunization Program Information Management System of China, including demographics, history of vaccination, laboratory tests, incidence of AEFI and clinical characteristics. The epidemiological, clinical characteristics and reported incidence of AEFI were analyzed in Chongchuan District from 2008 to 2022 using a descriptive epidemiological method. @*Results@#The reported incidence of AEFI in Chongchuan District from 2008 to 2022 appeared a tendency towards a decline (P<0.05), and the annual average reported incidence was 50.85/105. The incidence of AEFI associated with vaccines included in the national immunization program was significantly higher than that caused by vaccines that were not included in the national immunization program (74.67/105 vs. 20.35/105, P<0.05). General reaction was the predominant type of AEFI (1 937 cases, 44.21/105), and there were 274 cases with abnormal reactions (6.25/105) and 17 cases with coincident syndromes (0.39/105); however, no vaccine quality or vaccination accidents occurred. A high incidence rate was seen in AEFI associated with vaccines administered by subcutaneous (75.05/105) and intramuscular injection (47.40/105), and a low incidence rate was found in AEFI associated with vaccines administered orally (16.41/105). The five highest reported incidence rates of AEFI were found for the combined diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, poliovirus and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (312.01/105), 7-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine (292.14/105), inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine (248.37/105), Group ACYW135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (240.67/105) and combined live vaccine for measles and rubella (229.31/105). The general reactions mainly included fever, redness and swelling and induration (1 878 cases, 96.95%), and abnormal reactions mainly included allergic skin rash (241 cases, 87.96%). In addition, 91.34% of AEFI occurred within 24 hours after vaccination, and 99.73% of cases with AEFI were cured during the 3-month follow-up.@*Conclusions@#The reported incidence of AEFI appeared a tendency towards a decline in Chongchuan District from 2008 to 2022. General reaction was the predominant type of AEFI, and all AEFI showed a good prognosis. The safety of vaccines was high in Chongchuan District from 2008 to 2022.
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Prolactin (PRL) plays critical roles in regulation of biological functions with the binding of specific prolactin receptor (PRLR). Revealing the expression patterns of PRLR at different developmental stages is beneficial to better understand the role of PRL and its mechanism of action in striped hamsters. In this study, the cDNA sequence of PRLR (2866-base-pairs) was harvested from the pituitary of mature female striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) that contains an 834-base-pair 5′-untranslated region (1-834 bp), a 1848-base-pair open reading frame (835-2682 bp), and a 184-base-pair 3′-untranslated region (2683-2866). The 1848-base-pair open reading frame encodes a mature prolactin-binding protein of 592 amino acids. In the mature PRLR, two prolactin-binding motifs, 12 cysteines, and five potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites were detected. Our results showed that the PRLR mRNA quantity in the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovaries, or testis was developmental-stage-dependent, with the highest level at sub-adult stage and the lowest level at old stage. We also found that PRLR mRNAs were highest in pituitary, medium level in hypothalamus, and lowest in ovaries or testis. PRLR mRNAs were significantly higher in males than in females, except in the hypothalamus and pituitary from 7-week-old striped hamsters. Moreover, the PRLR mRNAs in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries or testis were positively correlated with the expression levels of GnRH in the hypothalamus. These results indicated that the PRLR has conserved domain in striped hamster, but also possesses specific character. PRLR has multiple biological functions including positively regulating reproduction in the striped hamster.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Prolactin/genetics , Receptors, Prolactin/genetics , Receptors, Prolactin/metabolism , Pituitary Gland/metabolism , Cricetinae , Sequence Analysis , DNA, Complementary/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of depression of middle school students in Liaoning Province in 2019 and analyze its influencing factors, to provide corresponding strategies and measures for depression prevention and control.@*Methods@#By using the method of multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling, the 32 909 students of grade 1-3 of junior middle school, senior high school and vocational high school were selected from 14 cities in Liaoning province, and were investigated with Center for Epidermiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) psychological scale.@*Results@#The depression score of middle school students in Liaoning Province was (12.66±9.53), and the incidence of depression was 19.5%. Analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis showed that the main factors influencing the occurrence of depression were grade, bullying on campus, internet addiction, being beaten and scolded by parents, drinking, gender, Leave of absence from school, smoking, serious injury and economic classification (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Depression of middle school students in Liaoning Province is not optimistic. Effective prevention and control measures should be developed and implemented to the occurrence of adverse factors, so as to reduce the occurrence of depression symptoms.
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Objective@#To investigate visual acuity of pupils of grade 4-6 in Liaoning Province in 2019 and to analyze its influencing factors, and to provide the scientific basis for myopia prevention and intervention.@*Methods@#A total of 16 716 students of grade 4-6 in 14 cities of Liaoning Province were selected by multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling, and the long-range visual acuity and refraction was evaluated and a questionnaire survey was conducted. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the in-fluencing factors of myopia in primary school students.@*Results@#The myopic rate of grade 4-6 pupils in Liaoning Province was 49.17%. Multiple Logistic regression analysis found that the main factors affecting vision included urban and rural division, sex, recess, restriction of electronic products usage from parents, and heredity(OR=0.93, 1.29, 0.90, 0.82, 3.12, 1.61, 1.64, P<0.05). Among them, rural areas, outdoor activity during recess and restriction of electronic product usage from parents was associated with lower risk of myopia, in contrast, being girl and parental myopia was associated with higher risk of myopia.@*Conclusion@#The incidence of myopia among primary school students in Liaoning Province is relatively high, exterting high pressure on prevention and control. In order to prevent myopia in primary school students, Composite interventions should be developed including change students’ lear-ning style, eliminate unhealthy living habits and targeted propaganda and education.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effects of Yinchenzhufu decoction combined routine treatment in treatment of chronic cholestatic hepatitis. Methods 100 patients with chronic cholestatic hepatitis were selected from Pingyang Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine from February 2011 to November 2016. They were randomly divided into the study group (n=50) and the control group (n=50). The control group was given routine treatment, the study group on the basis of routine therapy was given modified Yinchenzhufu decoction. The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions (drug related) during the 8 weeks of continuous treatment were recorded in two groups of patients with chronic cholestatic hepatitis. Results After treatment, the total efficiency in the study group of patients with chronic cholestatic hepatitis was 90.00% and the control group was 72.00%, and there was significant difference between two group (P<0.05); there was no statistical significance in adverse reactions of treatment in the study group, compared with the control group. Conclusion The application of the basic method of treatment for chronic cholestatic hepatitis plus modified Yinchenzhufu decoction could significantly improve the clinical efficacy.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effects of Yinchenzhufu decoction combined routine treatment in treatment of chronic cholestatic hepatitis. Methods 100 patients with chronic cholestatic hepatitis were selected from Pingyang Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine from February 2011 to November 2016. They were randomly divided into the study group (n=50) and the control group (n=50). The control group was given routine treatment, the study group on the basis of routine therapy was given modified Yinchenzhufu decoction. The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions (drug related) during the 8 weeks of continuous treatment were recorded in two groups of patients with chronic cholestatic hepatitis. Results After treatment, the total efficiency in the study group of patients with chronic cholestatic hepatitis was 90.00% and the control group was 72.00%, and there was significant difference between two group (P<0.05); there was no statistical significance in adverse reactions of treatment in the study group, compared with the control group. Conclusion The application of the basic method of treatment for chronic cholestatic hepatitis plus modified Yinchenzhufu decoction could significantly improve the clinical efficacy.
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OBJECTIVE@#To discuss the effect and molecular mechanism of miR-146a on the proliferation of lung cancer cells by targeting and regulating the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene.@*METHODS@#RT-PCR was employed to detect expression of miR-146a; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of MIF. The luciferase reporter gene technique was adopted to verify that MIF was the specific reverse target gene of miR-146a and the liposome Lipofectamine™2000 was employed to transfer the modeled miR-146a mimics, and miR-146a negative control (NC) in NSCLC cells to detect the expression of MIF mRNA and protein. MTT assay was used to detect cell viability, cloning technique to detect cell proliferation ability, AnnexinV-PI to detect cell apoptosis, UV spectrophotometry to detect viability of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (Caspase 3), and western blot to detect expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in cells.@*RESULTS@#The expression of miR-146a in NSCLC lung tissues was lower than that in the normal lung tissues besides the lung cancer; while the expression of miR-146a in NSCLC cells was lower than that in normal human embryonic lung tissues. It was chosen as the subsequent cell line for its appropriate expression in A549. The expression of MIF protein in NSCLC lung tissues was higher than that in the normal lung tissues besides the lung cancer. The luciferase reporter gene proved that MIF was the reverse target gene of miR-146a. The miR-146a mimics were transfected into A549 cells through the liposome. Compared with NC group, the expression of MIF protein and mRNA was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), with the decrease in the cell viability (P < 0.01), the decrease in the number of clones (P < 0.01), cell apoptosis (P < 0.01), the increase in the activity of Caspase 3 (P < 0.01), and decrease in the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#miR-146a has low expression in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, while MIF has the over expression in NSCLC tissues. The increased expression of miR-146a can inhibit the expression of MIF via the gene targeting and thus inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells and induce the apoptosis of cancer cells, which may be realized through NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Objective To discuss the effect and molecular mechanism of miR-146a on the proliferation of lung cancer cells by targeting and regulating the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene. Methods RT-PCR was employed to detect expression of miR-146a; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of MIF. The luciferase reporter gene technique was adopted to verify that MIF was the specific reverse target gene of miR-146a and the liposome Lipofectamine™2000 was employed to transfer the modeled miR-146a mimics, and miR-146a negative control (NC) in NSCLC cells to detect the expression of MIF mRNA and protein. MTT assay was used to detect cell viability, cloning technique to detect cell proliferation ability, AnnexinV-PI to detect cell apoptosis, UV spectrophotometry to detect viability of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (Caspase 3), and western blot to detect expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in cells. Results The expression of miR-146a in NSCLC lung tissues was lower than that in the normal lung tissues besides the lung cancer; while the expression of miR-146a in NSCLC cells was lower than that in normal human embryonic lung tissues. It was chosen as the subsequent cell line for its appropriate expression in A549. The expression of MIF protein in NSCLC lung tissues was higher than that in the normal lung tissues besides the lung cancer. The luciferase reporter gene proved that MIF was the reverse target gene of miR-146a. The miR-146a mimics were transfected into A549 cells through the liposome. Compared with NC group, the expression of MIF protein and mRNA was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), with the decrease in the cell viability (P < 0.01), the decrease in the number of clones (P < 0.01), cell apoptosis (P < 0.01), the increase in the activity of Caspase 3 (P < 0.01), and decrease in the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 (P < 0.01). Conclusions miR-146a has low expression in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, while MIF has the over expression in NSCLC tissues. The increased expression of miR-146a can inhibit the expression of MIF via the gene targeting and thus inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells and induce the apoptosis of cancer cells, which may be realized through NF-κB signaling pathway.
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AlM:To study the refractive status characteristics aftser cataract surgery and the correlation between preoperative anterior chamber depth ( ACD) and refractive status.METHODS: Ninety-six cases of patients with cataract were randomly divided into two groups. The patients in phacoemulsification group were treated with phacoemulsification combined intraocular lens ( lOL ) implantation while the patients in small incision group were treated by small incision extracapsular cataract extraction combined with lOL implantation. Changes in ACD and postoperative refractive status and refractive fully corrected value were counted and the correlation of them were analyzed .RESULTS: ACD of the phacoemulsification group s deepened 0. 74mm while that of the small incision group deepened 0. 78mm after treatment and there was no significant difference (P>0. 05). After operation, the ACD of two groups significantly deepened ( P0. 05). CONCLUSlON: ACD is significant deepened after operation. Surgeon needs full consideration of changes to improve the refractive lOL calculation accuracy.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism governing the reversal of multidrug resistance in human breast carcinoma cells by chelerythrine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to determine the expressions of protein kinase Cα (PKCα) and multidrug resistance-related genes ABCG2, ABCC1, MDR1, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in MCF-7Taxol cells after treatment with chelerythrine and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). Also, the antitumor effect of PMA or chelerythrine and effects of PKCα activator or inhibitor in combination with paclitaxel or adriamycin on multidrug resistance in MCF-7Taxol cells were evaluated by MTT.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>RT-PCR or Western blot showed that the expressions of MDR1 and P-gp were significantly higher in MCF-7Taxol cells exposed to PMA stimuli (both P0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PKCα inhibitor chelerythrine can reverse multidrug resistance in breast carcinoma cells by inhibiting the expressions of MDR1 and P-gp expression in vitro.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 , Metabolism , Benzophenanthridines , Pharmacology , Breast Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Drug Resistance, NeoplasmABSTRACT
Objective To survey the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and fractional anisotropy (FA) value ofpontine cistern section of the trigeminal nerve, and understand the characteristics of various parameters of trigeminal nerve pontine cistern section. Methods The distances from pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve to 0, 3, 6 and 9 mm of brain stem in 50 healthy volunteers were recorded, and fusion images of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with B-TFE or THRIVE were achieved to improve the spatial resolution of the pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve; their ADC value and FA value were recorded, separately. Tracing image formation was noted in the pontine cistern section of the trigeminal or trifacial nerve. Results The ADC and FA results of the left side and right flank of pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve in these healthy volunteers were not statistically different (P<0.05). The closer to the brain stem, the more asymmetrical tendency of distance from pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve to 0, 3, 6 and 9 mm of brain stem between both sides. DTI indicated that the ADC values between each 2 distances from pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve to 0, 3, 6 and 9 mum of brain stem between both sides were significantly different: the ADC values increased along with the distance elevating gradually, but rotated suddenly at the line of 6-9 mm. The FA value increased in 0-6 mm along with the distance reducing gradually, and the neighboring 2 distances had remarkably statistical difference, but the FA value no longer obviously changed from the line of 6-9 mm. Conclusion DTI can distinguish the two-sided trigeminal nerve brain pond section clearly, and may realize each item of DTI. Regular changes are noted in FA and ADC values along with the different distances from pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve to 0, 3, 6 and 9 mm of brain stem,indicating that DTI enjoys perspective in being clear about the discrimination of cranial nerve CNS section, the change-over portion and the PNS section, and in detecting the cranial nerve vascular compression.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the anatomy of the facial artery using 16-slice spiral CT angiography (CTA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five patients without vascular pathologies or other anomalies underwent 16-slice spiral CT angiography after injection of 350 mg I/ml Omnipaque through the ulnar vein. MIP and volume rendering of the images were performed to analyze the left and right facial artery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The left facial artery arose from the external carotid artery with the distances from the carotid artery bifurcation of 4.5-47.90 mm (mean 18.77-/+8.98 mm), and in 1 case (2.2%), the artery arose from the common carotid artery. The right facial artery arose from the external carotid artery in all the 45 cases (100%) with distances from the carotid artery bifurcation of 6.8-39.70 mm (mean 19.23-/+8.25 mm). The bilateral facial arteries more commonly arose from the external carotid artery independently, and the lingual artery and facial artery sharing the same trunk arising from the external carotid artery was less common. In 1 case, the left facial artery and the submental artery shared the same trunk, and in another case, the left facial artery, thyroid artery and lingual artery shared the same trunk. The diameter of the left facial artery ranged from 1.40 to 4.70 mm (mean 2.83-/+0.77 mm), and that of the right facial artery was 1.60-4.30 mm (mean 2.81-/+0.79 mm). The left facial artery ended below the angle of the mouth in 12 cases (26.67%), between the angle of the mouth and the nasal wing in 7 cases (15.56%), and above the nasal wing in 26 cases (57.77%). The right facial artery ended below the angle of the mouth in 7 cases (15.56%), between the angle of the mouth and the nasal wing in 12 cases (26.67%), and above the nasal wing in 26 cases (57.77%). The bilateral facial arteries frequently passed through the submandibular gland parenchyma (23 cases on the left and 24 cases on the right), and the facial arteries were found occasionally to run below the submandibular gland (11 cases on the left and 9 on the right).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>16-slice spiral CT angiography can help in preoperative facial artery evaluation noninvasively. This modality can clearly display the bilateral facial arteries, including their origin, course, distribution and ending to provide detailed information for flap designing before plastic surgery and for preoperative evaluation for microvascular surgery.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Angiography , Methods , Arteries , Face , Models, Anatomic , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the presence of tight junction (TJ) changes of the intestinal mucosa, and elucidate the possible mechanism for changes in bowel evacuation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 10 normal control subjects, 10 patients with constipation predominant IBS (C-IBS) and 10 with diarrhea predominant IBS (D-IBS), biopsies were taken from the terminal ileum and ascending colon. Lanthanum nitrate tracing electron microscope and cytochemical technique were employed to observe TJ changes in the intestinal mucosa.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Like the control subjects, C-IBS patients had normal TJ structure in the intestinal mucosa, whereas D-IBS patients exhibited some abnormalities in TJ structure either in their terminal ileum (7 in 10) or ascending colon (8 in 10), revealed by TJ gap widening with lanthanum nitrate extravasation into the surrounding tissue. Such changes were also observed in 3 of the 4 patients with a history of acute infectious diarrhea.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The changes in the intestinal mucosal TJ structure and function might contribute to altered bowel evacuation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Case-Control Studies , Intestinal Mucosa , Cell Biology , Pathology , Irritable Bowel Syndrome , Pathology , Microscopy, Electron , Tight Junctions , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes of intestinal mucosal tight junction proteins claudin-1, -3, -4 in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and elucidate its possible role in the bowel evacuation habit changes and formation in these patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Western blotting was employed to determine tight junction protein claudin-1,-3,-4 levels in the intestinal mucosa of patients in the control group, diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) group and constipation-predominant IBS (C-IBS) group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, D-IBS patients showed significantly decreased claudin-1 protein levels in both the small intestinal and colonic mucosae (P<0.05), whereas C-IBS patients had significantly elevated claudin-1 protein levels (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in claudin-3 protein expression in the both small intestinal and colonic mucosae between the D-IBS group and the control group (P>0.05), but claudin-3 protein level was shown to increase significantly in C-IBS patients (P<0.05). Claudin-4 protein followed the same pattern of alteration as claudin-1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Down-regulated claudin-1 and -4 expressions can be associated with bowel evacuation habit changes and formation in patients with D-IBS, but up-regulated claudin-1, -3 and -4 expressions may relate to such bowel changes in patients with C-IBS.</p>