History, present situation and prospect of interventional respiratory diseases in pediatrics / 中国实用儿科杂志

The development of respiratory endoscopy in pediatrics in China is more than 10 years later than that in adults.In 1985,fiberoptic bronchoscopy was used in pediatrics hospitals in China. In the 1990 s,Beijing Children's Hospital established the first paediatric bronchoscopy room in China. Pediatric tracheoscopy method which is of great significance to respiratoryspecialtyhassincebeenestablishedinChina.Uptonow,bronchoscopyhasbecomeasafeandreliablemeansofdiagnosis and treatment in many hospitals. The demand for bronchoscopy in diagnosis is even as popular as CT. Interventional methods play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of severe and difficult respiratory diseases. In the future,children's interventional respiratory disease should be developed into a comprehensive multi-disciplinary clinical application.

Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells with HLA-G positive expression induce Treg / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells with HLA-G (Human Leukocyte Antigen, HLA-G) positive expression induce Treg (regulatory T cell, Treg) in vitro.@*METHODS@#placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells were separated from neonatal placenta; PEGFP - N1 -HLA-G plasmid was transfected in placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells by liposome transfection.The cells were divided into 3 groups including control group, PEGFP-N1 group and PEGFP-N1-HLA-G group, 5 complex walls in each group. Expression of HLA-G protein was detected by Western Blotting; after identification of cells, healthy human peripheral blood CD4 T lymphocytes were cultured with placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells with HLA-G positive expression, and the ratio of CD4CD25Foxp3Treg in T lymphocytes was accounted.@*RESULTS@#After transfection of PEGFP-N1-HLA-G, the placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells can express HLA-G protein significantly, compared with the control group and PEGFP - N1 group (<0.01). After HLA-G positive placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells and CD4 + T lymphocytes were cultured for 24 h, the ratio of CD4CD25Foxp3Treg in T lymphocytes was (16.41±0.94)%. After HLA - G positive placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells and CD4 T lymphocytes were cultured for 48 h, the ratio of CD4CD25Foxp3Treg in T lymphocytes was (16.46±0.59)% significantly, compared with the control group and PEGFP - N1 group (<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells modified by HLA-G gene can effectively induce CD4CD25Foxp3Treg in vitro.

Diagnostic and therapeutic methods for perioperative children with congenital heart disease with airway stenosis in pediatric intensive care unit / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic methods for perioperative children with congenital heart disease (CHD) with airway stenosis in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was used for the diagnosis of 100 CHD cases in PICU who were clinically considered to have possible airway malformation because of complicated difficult-to-control lung infection, atelectasis and failure with the ventilator after surgery from January 2010 to October 2011. Cases who were confirmed to have severe airway stenosis by bronchoscopy and weaning from the ventilator after surgery were treated with balloon expandable stents into the desired position in the bronchoscopy.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There were 73 cases (73%) of CHD patients with airway abnormalities, including 31 cases of severe stenosis (31%), moderate stenosis in 29 cases (29%), mild stenosis in 13 cases (13%). Nine of the 10 children in whom the mechanical ventilation was hard to be stopped after surgery because of severe airway stenosis were weaned from mechanical ventilation successfully by fiberoptic bronchoscopy, while one case died from primary disease with severe sepsis after the placement of bronchial stents.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CHD children with difficult-to-control lung infection, atelectasis and failure with ventilator after surgery are often complicated with airway abnormalities. The therapeutic bronchoscopy with airway stent can be used for cases with weaning from the ventilator because of severe airway stenosis.</p>

Effects of oxidative stress and NF-kappaB levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells on development of silicosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the change of indicators of oxidative stress in serum and NF-kappaB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with silicosis, and explore the mechanism of the development of silicosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The subjects were divided into (1) 200 workers exposed to SiO2 for at least 1 years in a foundry served as the dust-exposure group; (2) 130 cases with silicosis (I phase silicosis 64 cases, II phase 46 cases III phase 20 cases) served as the silicosis group; (3) 32 cases with 0+ phase silicosis in the foundry served as the observed group,(4)100 subjects from a hotel served as the control group. The serum including superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), lipid malondialdehyde (MDA) and NF-kappaB protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, NO levels in dust-exposed group and silicosis group significantly increased, and SOD decreased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with the control group and dust-exposed group, T-AOC, NOS, MDA levels in silicosis group significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). GSH-Px in dust-exposed group and silicosis group were (231.164 +/- 36.484) and (270.469 +/- 39.228)U/ml, respectively which were significantly than that [(223.360 +/- 46.838) U/ml] in control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and there was significant difference of GSHPx between the silicosis group and the dust-exposed group significantly (P < 0.01) . GSH-Px level [(290.750 +/- 39.129) U/ml] in III phase silicosis group were significantly higher than those [(256.906 +/- 21.41) and (259.594 +/- 34.79) U/ml] in observation group and I phase silicosis group (P < 0.05). NF-kappaB levels [(72.06 +/- 9.12) and (85.25 +/- 11.64) ng/L] in dust-exposed group and silicosis group were significantly higher than that [(59.71 +/- 9.27) ng/L] in control group (P < 0.01), and there was significant difference of between the silicosis group and the dust-exposed group (P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between serum GSH-Px level and the silicosis stages (r = 0.507, P < 0.01). Also there was a positive correlation between NF-kappaB level and silicosis stages, age, GSH-Px or NO levels (r = 0.376, 0.243, 0.233, 0.221, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The imbalance of oxidative and anti-oxidation system and the activation of NF-kappaB are related with the occurrence and development of silicosis. The monitoring of oxidative stress indicators and NF-kappaB is beneficial to the prediction and prognosis assessment of silicosis.</p>

Study on prevalence and risk factors of sleep disorder among Chinese children aged 0 to 23 months in city / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence and main influences on sleep disorder among Chinese children aged 0 to 23 months, as to providing scientific interventions for infant sleep disorder.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 7601 children under two years old were selected by stratifying samples from twelve cities in China. The objects' parents were surveyed with questionnaire. All data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total incidence of sleep disorders at 0 to 23 months was 21.94%. The main problems were difficulty falling asleep, nighttime waking and snoring. Feeding manner, sleep environment, sleep-associated habits and medical conditions were all influences on infant's sleep disorder.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Enhancing sleep health education to change parents' nurturing modes should be an important role in preventing infant sleep disorders.</p>

Soluble expression of active human beta-defensin-3 in Escherichia coli and its effects on the growth of host cells / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Human beta-defensin-3 (HBD(3)) is an epithelial peptide that has been demonstrated to have a salt-insensitive broad spectrum of potent antimicrobial activity. Expressing antimicrobial peptides in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is very difficult for it can result in death of the bacterial host cells. Our aim was to establish a prokaryotic system expressing soluble HBD(3) protein and demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of the expressed protein. We then studied whether the host cells would activate the suicide pathways.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We first cloned the complementary DNA coding for the mature chain of HBD(3), inserted it into the vector PGEX-KG then transformed E. coli BL21 (DE3) with the appropriate recombinant plasmid. After induction with 0.5 mmol/L isopropyl-1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG) the transformed E. coli produced a recombinant glutathione S-transferase and HBD(3) (GST-HBD(3)) fusion protein. The fusion protein was treated with thrombin to produce pure HBD(3) protein then the antimicrobial activity of HBD(3) was evaluated in a liquid microdilution assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The fusion protein GST-HBD(3) was efficiently cleaved by thrombin and yielded HBD(3) that had anti-staphylococcus aureus activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration level of 12.5 microg/ml. The E. coli strain expressing the recombinant protein did not grow slower than the empty vector strain.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Active HBD(3) in E. coli by expressing the recombinant protein GST-HBD(3) could be produced, and suicide did not occur in the E. coli strain expressing the recombinant protein.</p>

Galectin-7 is associated with bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis in asthmatic children / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>It is supposed that bronchial epithelial cells responses to the environmental stimuli are different between asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals, which contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma. These different responses produce different mediators. If differential gene expressions are found in bronchial epithelial cells of asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals after the same stimuli in vitro, and these genes are overexpressed in asthmatic children in vivo, then it is concluded that these genes may be associated with asthma. Therefore the authors analyzed the differential gene expressions in the bronchial epithelium cells of asthmatic and non-asthmatic children after RSV infection in vitro. Among these genes, Galectine-7 (lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 7, Galectin-7) was 8 times up-regulated in asthmatic children. Galectine-7 was associated with skin keratinocyte apoptosis. The authors hypothesized that Galectin-7 may also be associated with bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis in asthmatic children. The aim of this study was to understand the role of Galectine-7 in bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis in asthma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The bronchial mucosae of one asthmatic child and one non-asthmatic child were obtained by biopsy and cultured in vitro. The bronchial epithelial cells were infected by RSV. The differential gene expressions were analyzed with micro array. Among those differentially expressed genes, Galectin-7 was 8 times up-regulated in asthmatic children. The bronchial mucosae from 10 asthmatic children and 17 non-asthma children were investigated for cell DNA break, Galectine-7 and mRNA expression, Caspase-3 expression by TUNEL, hybridization in situ and immunochemistry. Image analysis was used for quantitative assessment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Galectine-7 gene was 8 times up-regulated in bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic children after RSV infection in vitro. Galectin-7 and mRNA were overexpressed in bronchial epithelial cells in asthma in vivo. Bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis increased in asthma in vivo.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Galectin-7 may be associated with bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis in asthma.</p>

Role of flexible bronchoscopy in the treatment of infection-associated atelectasis in children / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Infection-associated atelectasis is rather common during childhood and the effects of drug therapy are often unsatisfactory. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of flexible bronchoscopy in the treatment of infection-associated atelectasis in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-five patients (68 male and 57 female; age ranged from 10 d to 14 years and their courses of disease were from 3 d to 2.5 years) with infection-associated atelectasis confirmed by chest X-ray or CT were enrolled in the study. The following conditions were excluded by bronchoscopy: airway foreign body, airway anomalies, tumor, tuberculosis. The patients were divided into two groups: flexible bronchoscopy group and medication group. In the flexible bronchoscopy group, 65 patients were treated mainly with flexible bronchoscopy whereas in medication 60 group patients only received medication. Chest X-ray or CT was regularly reviewed for every patient, meanwhile the effect of flexible bronchoscopy at different courses of disease was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Flexible bronchoscopy group and medication group had no significant differences in age, sex and course of disease (P > 0.05). In flexible bronchoscopy group 39 patients were cured, 20 were improved and 6 cases had no change; in medication group 17 patients were cured, 25 were improved and 18 had no change. The two groups had significant differences (P < 0.01); in bronchoscopy group there were significant differences among patients with the courses of disease less than 3 months, 3 to 6 months and more than 6 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The authors concluded that flexible bronchoscopy was an effective method for treatment of infection-associated atelectasis. Flexible bronchoscopy can reach pathological part and clear pus and granulation. It can remove obstruction and relieve symptoms. When course of disease was short, bronchoscopic therapy was advantageous to recovery of atelectasis. Bronchial washing may overcome the shortcomings of bronchoalveolar lavage, therefore the former seemed to be more suitable for treatment of infection-associated atelectasis.</p>

Cloning of the major antigen region of E2 gene of hog cholera virus and expression in Escherichia coli / 生物工程学报

The major antigen region of E2 gene of Hog Cholera Prevalent Strain (Guangxi Yuling Strain) and Chinese Hog Cholera Lapinised Virus (C-strain) derived from hog and rabbit spleen tissue, was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and the nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR). After the amplified fragments were cloned into the expression vector pPROEX-HTb, the recombinant plasmids pPROEX-GXYL and pPROEX-C were obtained. The insert position, the size and the reading frame were right by PCR, restriction digestion and the sequence analysis. SDS-PAGE indicated that both of the reciepient germs transducted and induced by the recombinant plasmids pPROEX-GXYL and pPROEX-C could express the major antigen region of E2 gene. Western-blot indicated that the expressed antigen protein could be recognized by the positive serum of CSFV.