Operative techniques of anastomotic posterior urethroplasty for traumatic posterior urethral strictures / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To elucidate the details of operative technique of anastomotic posterior urethroplasty for traumatic posterior urethral strictures in attempt to offer a successful result.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We reviewed the clinical data of 106 patients who had undergone anastomotic repair for posterior urethral strictures following traumatic pelvic fracture between 1979 and 2004. Patients'age ranged from 8 to 53 years (mean 27 years). Surgical repair was performed via perinea in 72 patients, modified transperineal repair in 5 and perineoabdominal repair in 29. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 23 years (mean 8 years).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 77 patients treated by perineal approaches, 69 (95.8%) were successfully repaired and 27 out of the 29 patients (93.1%) who were repaired by perineoabdominal protocols were successful. The successful results have sustained as long as 23 years in some cases. Urinary incontinence did not happen in any patients while impotence occurred as a result of the anastomotic surgery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Three important skills or principles will ensure a successful outcome, namely complete excision of scar tissues, a completely normal mucosa ready for anastomosis at both ends of the urethra, and a tension-free anastomosis. When the urethral stricture is below 2.5 cm long, restoration of urethral continuity can be accomplished by a perineal procedure. If the stricture is over 2.5 cm long, a modified perineal or transpubic perineoabdominal procedure should be used. In the presence of a competent bladder neck, anastomotic surgery does not result in urinary incontinence. Impotence is usually related to the original trauma and rarely (5.7%) to urethroplasty.</p>

Transurethral resection of the prostate for patients with the permanent cardiac pacemaker / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for patients with the permanent cardiac pacemaker.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was made on TURP for 8 patients aged from 62 to 71 and equipped with the cardiac pacemaker for 2 to 7 years, because of sick sinus syndrome (5 cases), complete atrioventricular block (2 cases), and three-cord block (1 case). The pacemakers varied accordingly, Type DDD in 4, Type AAI in 3 and Type VVI in 1 of the patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the operations were successful, and all the patients experienced satisfactory recovery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Patients with the permanent cardiac pacemaker can receive TURP.</p>

Characteristics on diagnosis and treatment of renal tuberculosis / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the new characteristics on diagnosis and treatment of renal tuberculosis (RT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-seven patients with renal tuberculosis were retrospectively reviewed; their diagnosis was established by standard microbiological and histological techniques.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Atypical RT was diagnosed by various examinations, including urinary analysis, polymerase chain reaction of tuberculosis (PCR-TB), ultrasonography, intravenous urography (i.v.U), and computerized tomography (CT). Treatment consisted of antituberculous chemotherapy in all patients, in combination with nephrectomy (62.5%) or enterocystoplasty (4.6%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The differential diagnosis of RT should be emphasized, especially for atypical RT, provided a much more specific diagnosis in clinical suspicion of RT. i.v.U can not be regarded as a specific examination for RT. Computerised tomography (CT) can be used for early diagnosis of RT. Surgery for RT is still ablative.</p>

The relationship between phenotype transformation and biomechanical properties of detrusor smooth muscle cell subjected to the cyclic mechanical stretch / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between phenotype transformation and biomechanical properties of detrusor smooth muscle cell (DSMC) subjected to the cyclic mechanical stretch.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cultured rat DSMCS were grown on collagen-coated silicone membranes and subjected to continuous cycles of stretch-relaxation. All experiments were made on cells between passage 2 and 4. Each cycle consists of 5-second stretch and 5-second relaxation. The computer controlled vacuum induced 10% (I), 20% (II) and 30% (III) maximum elongation of the plate membrane at different designed pressures. We assessed DNA synthesis rate using tritiated thymidine incorporation assay. Using immunofluorescent assay and flow cytometer, we analysed the expression of SM-alpha-actin and proliferation of DSMC. The image analysis and micropipette aspiration systems were employed to investigate the single cell contraction and viscoelasticity. The elastic modulus K(1), K(2) and viscoelastic coefficient micro were determined using the three-element standard linear solid model, thus demonstrating the passive deformation ability of detrusor cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As the basic structural changes to mechanical stretch, DSMCs underwent phenotypic modulation from their normal contractile phenotype to a "synthetic" phenotype: the DSMCs became more proliferative and the actin less organized along the cell's long axis. The cell proliferation index (CPI) of control and stretched group (10%, 20%, 30% elongation) were 0.24, 0.43, 0.58 and 0.65 respectively. After mechanical stretch, the well-spread filaments changed their orientation. Contraction and viscoelasticity of single DSMC subjected to stretch both decreased significantly compared to control. The Vmax and. DeltaLmax of group III (30% elongation) saw significant decreases compared with unstretched control (P < 0.01). K(1) and K(2) decreased with the increasing of mechanical overload, however, there was no statistic difference between groups II and group III.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Structure determines function. Conversely, dysfunction implies the structural transformation. Functional abnormalities of BOO have the structural basis: phenotype transformation of detrusor cells. Cyclic stretch and relaxation applied to DSMCs in vitro can be used to model the increases in urodynamic load experienced by the bladder detrusor muscle under the conditions of bladder outlet obstruction. Phenotypic transformation is the structural basis of functional changes of DSMC subjected to periodic overload mechanical stretch.</p>

Ultrastructural observation of detrusor in BPH patients / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To observe the detrusor ultrastructure in BPH patients and to investigate the relationship between detrusor instability and ultrastructure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The patients were divided into groups of detrusor instability(DI) and detrusor stability(DS) according to urodynamics examination. The structure of the detrusor were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The intercellular intermediate junctions and cytoplasmic process junctions in DS were 11.34 +/- 3.23 and 4.26 +/- 1.78 respectively. The intercellular intermediate junctions decreased obviously (3.12 +/- 1.47, P < 0.01) instead of a large amount of cytoplasmic process junctions (26.37 +/- 7.14, P < 0.01) in DI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is a close relevance between intercellular junctions and DI. The observation of the ultrastructure of the detrusor is helpful for the diagnosis of BPH with DI and for the clinical treatment.</p>