ABSTRACT
Objective: This paper aims to provide the experimental foundation for quality control of Aurantii Immaturus Fructus from different habitats by analyzing the multi-component qualitatively and quantitatively. Methods: Fingerprint pattern and QAMS were combined in this experiment, and HPLC analysis was performed on a Waters X-Brige C18 (200 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with mobile phase composed of acetonitrile (A) -0.1% methanoic acid solution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min in gradient elution mode. The column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃, the injection volume was 10 μL, and the detection wavelengths were set at 283 and 330 nm. Results: The HPLC-UV fingerprint of Aurantii Immaturus Fructus from different habitats was established with 21 common peaks, 9 of them were identified as narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, naringenin, hesperetin, sinensetin, nobiletin and tangeretin, and the similarity of 23 batches of samples were greater than 0.9, CA and PCA show the classification is consistent with the habitats distribution of the medicine. Then, the QAMS result showed some differences with neohesperidin to be the internal standard. Conclusion: From the perspective of composition, there are some differences in the quality of Aurantii Immaturus Fructus from different habitats, and the method of QAMS is accurate, efficient and feasible, which has obvious advantages than standard curve method and external standard method. In a word, it can be applied to quality evaluation and provides the experimental foundation for quality control of Aurantii Immaturus Fructus from different habitats.
ABSTRACT
Wendantang (WDT) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription composed of Pinelliae Rhizoma, Bambuseae Caulis in Taenias, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, with the effect in regulating Qi-movement and phlegm and relieving stomach and gallbladder. The clinical studies have proved that WDT has significant therapeutic effects on depression, insomnia, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and other nervous system diseases, but wihtout systematic understanding of material basis and compatibility principle because of the complex chemical composition and the scattered research results. Focusing on the neurological diseases and based on the origin of ancient recipes and modern research examples, the author sorted out and summarized the active ingredients constituting the recipe, paid attention to the effect of the compatibility on the composition and efficacy transmission, and judged the rationality of composition intention and selection. On this basis, it comprehensively identifies the potential components and effective paths that can well treat the nervous system diseases, and had the overall understanding about mutual relationship between composition and efficiency. In this article, we expect to find its scientific basis of effective materials and the key technology of quality standards, and define the direction of future research, so as to provide valuable reference for secondary development and new preparations designed of classic prescriptions.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Many types of human tumors can suppress the immune system to enhance their survival. Loss or down-regulation of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class I on tumors is considered to be a major mechanism of tumor immune escape. Our previous studies found that HLA class I on peripheral-blood mononuclear cells was significantly lower in gastric cancer patients. The present study made an analysis of HLA class I expression on peripheral-blood T lymphocytes and NK cells from subjects of Lijiadian village, a village with high-incidence gastrointestinal tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 181 villagers from Lijiadian village and 153 normal controls from the Department of Health Examination Center were enrolled in this study. Using a multi-tumor markers detection system, these villagers were divided into two groups: high-risk group (tumor markers positive group) and low-risk group (tumor markers negative group). The percentage of T lymphocytes and NK cells and levels of HLA class I on their surface were determined in these subjects by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Percentages of T lymphocytes and NK cells in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells did not vary with age. The expression level of HLA class I on peripheral T lymphocytes and NK cells was not affected by age or gender, but was significantly down-regulated in Lijiadian villagers (P < 0.05), especially on the surface of NK cells (P < 0.01). Compared with the low-risk group, there was a significant reduction of HLA class I on peripheral T lymphocytes (P < 0.05) and NK cells (P < 0.05) in the high-risk group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HLA class I on peripheral T lymphocytes and NK cells may be involved in tumorigenesis and development of gastrointestinal tumor, and understanding their changes in expression may provide new insights into the mechanism of tumor immunity.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Biomarkers, Tumor , Down-Regulation , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms , Allergy and Immunology , Histocompatibility Antigens Class I , Killer Cells, Natural , Allergy and Immunology , T-Lymphocytes , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) in mid-aged and elderly populations and to study the correlation between gender and PWV and the tendency of PWV on different age groups.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the clinical trial guideline, we selected 545 healthy subjects (age, 31-85 years, 395 men and 150 women), and measured carotid-femoral PWV, using Complior.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average value of PWV in Chinese healthy subjects was 11.62 +/- 2.97 m/s. There was no significant difference in the PWV values between males and females who were older than 40 years, but the values of PWV were lower in females than in males in the 30-39 year-old group. PWV was positively correlated with age. In the present study, the reference values of PWV were established in the different age groups, based on the regression equations between PWV and age.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Aortic pulse wave velocity seemed to be influenced by age but hardly influenced by gender in healthy subjects, so that the reference value of PWV should be established according to the different age groups. When aorta got stiffer, the value PWV got larger accordingly when age was increasing.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Age Factors , Aorta , Physiology , Pulsatile Flow , Reference Values , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the change in the distensibility of large arteries and its influencing factors in elderly patients with essential hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Automatic measuring system for pulse wave velocity (PWV) was applied to examine carotid-femoral PWV as an index reflecting distensibility of large arteries. 118 hypertensive patients aged 64 - 83 (mean age 67.12 +/- 10.26) years were included in the study. Of them, 87 were males and 31 were females.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PWV of 118 hypertensive patients increased with increasing age (P < 0.001). Multivariate regressive analysis demonstrated that age and systolic blood pressure had the close relationship with PWV (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hypertension of the elderly could cause reduction of distensibility of large arteries. Age and systolic blood pressure had the close relationship with distensibility of large arteries in elderly patients with essential hypertension.</p>