Chemical constituents and mechanism of Chuanzhi Tongluo Capsules based on UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS and network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents of Chuanzhi Tongluo Capsules were analyzed and identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS) to clarify the pharmacological substance basis. In addition, network pharmacology was employed to explore the mechanism of Chuanzhi Tongluo Capsules in the treatment of cerebral infarction. Gradient elution was performed using acetonitrile and 1% acetic acid in water as the mobile phase. Mass spectrometry was performed in positive and negative ion modes. Xcalibur 4.2 software was used for compound analysis, including accurate mass-to-charge ratio and MS/MS fragment information, combined with the comparison of reference standards and literature data. A total of 152 compounds were identified, including 32 organic acids, 35 flavonoids and their glycosides, 33 diterpenes, 13 phthalides, 12 triterpenes and triterpene saponins, 23 nitrogen-containing compounds, and 4 other compounds, and their fragmentation patterns were analyzed. SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards, DAVID, and other databases were used to predict and analyze the core targets and mechanism of Chuanzhi Tongluo Capsules. Protein-protein interaction(PPI) network topology analysis identified 10 core targets, including TNF, VEGFA, EGFR, IL1B, and CTNNB1. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that Chuanzhi Tongluo Capsules mainly exerted their effects through the regulation of lipid and atherosclerosis, glycoproteins in cancer, MicroRNAs in cancer, fluid shear stress, and atherosclerosis-related pathways. Molecular docking was performed between the key constituents and core targets, and the results demonstrated a strong binding affinity between the key constituents of Chuanzhi Tongluo Capsules and the core targets. This study comprehensively elucidated the chemical constituents of Chuanzhi Tongluo Capsules and explored the core targets and mechanism in the treatment of cerebral infarction based on network pharmacology, providing a scientific reference for the study of the pharmacological substance basis and formulation quality standards of Chuanzhi Tongluo Capsules.

Study on the application of model transfer technology in the extraction process of Xiao'er Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid / 药学学报

The modernization and development of traditional Chinese medicine has led to higher standards for the quality of traditional Chinese medicine products. The extraction process is a crucial component of traditional Chinese medicine production, and it directly impacts the final quality of the product. However, the currently relied upon methods for quality assurance of the extraction process, such as simple wet chemical analysis, have several limitations, including time consumption and labor intensity, and do not offer precise control of the extraction process. As a result, there is significant value in incorporating near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the production process of traditional Chinese medicine to improve the quality control of the final products. In this study, we focused on the extraction process of Xiao'er Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid (XXZOL), using near-infrared spectra collected by both a Fourier transform near-infrared spectrometer and a portable near-infrared spectrometer. We used the concentration of synephrine, a quality control index component specified by the pharmacopoeia, to achieve rapid and accurate detection in the extraction process. Moreover, we developed a model transfer method to facilitate the transfer of models between the two types of near-infrared spectrometers (analytical grade and portable), thus resolving the low resolution, poor performance, and insufficient prediction accuracy issues of portable instruments. Our findings enable the rapid screening and quality analysis of XXZOL onsite, which is significant for quality monitoring during the traditional Chinese medicine production process.

Intelligent Electrocardiogram Analysis in Medicine: Data, Methods, and Applications / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a low-cost, simple, fast, and non-invasive test. It can reflect the heart's electrical activity and provide valuable diagnostic clues about the health of the entire body. Therefore, ECG has been widely used in various biomedical applications such as arrhythmia detection, disease-specific detection, mortality prediction, and biometric recognition. In recent years, ECG-related studies have been carried out using a variety of publicly available datasets, with many differences in the datasets used, data preprocessing methods, targeted challenges, and modeling and analysis techniques. Here we systematically summarize and analyze the ECG-based automatic analysis methods and applications. Specifically, we first reviewed 22 commonly used ECG public datasets and provided an overview of data preprocessing processes. Then we described some of the most widely used applications of ECG signals and analyzed the advanced methods involved in these applications. Finally, we elucidated some of the challenges in ECG analysis and provided suggestions for further research.

Research progress on traditional Chinese medicine compounds combined with external therapy in treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands / 中国中药杂志

Hyperplasia of mammary glands is a benign breast disease with disordered breast structure. Nowadays, the incidence rate of breast hyperplasia in women is increasing year by year, and the etiology is related to the imbalance of estrogen and progesterone in the body. The symptoms include breast pain, breast nodules, or nipple discharge, which can develop into breast cancer in the context of psychological pressure. Therefore, it is timely and effectively necessary for people to treat the symptoms. At present, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) often treats breast hyperplasia by oral drug, external application, acupuncture, moxibustion, and massage, while western medicine often uses hormone therapy or surgery. TCM can regulate hormone levels to treat breast hyperplasia. Acupuncture, moxibustion, and other methods can stimulate acupoints to reduce breast lumps. However, since TCM is easy to produce hepatorenal toxicity after long-term use and simple external treatment is slow to take effect, rapid and effective treatment is difficult to be achieved. Although western medicine can inhibit the disease, it is easy to produce toxic and side effects if taken for a long time. In addition, surgery can only remove the focus and the recurrence rate is high. Some studies have found that the combination of oral and external use of TCM compounds has a significant effect, with mild toxic and side effects, few adverse reactions, and a low recurrence rate. Based on the relevant literature in recent years, this article reviewed the combination of oral and external treatment of TCM in the treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands, discussed the effectiveness, clinical evaluation indexes, and mechanism, and pointed out the existing shortcomings to explore a comprehensive therapy worthy of clinical application.

Research Progress in Pharmacology of Xiaoyaowan / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In traditional Chinese medicine， it is believed that the spleen is the foundation of acquired nature and the source of Qi and blood. All life activities of a person since birth depend on the water and grain essence transported by spleen and stomach. The liver helps the spleen to strengthen the movement， the liver and spleen cooperate with each other. The liver and the spleen are invigorated， so that the Qi and blood are sufficient. The external energy can nourish the limbs， muscles and fur. The Qi and blood can be supplied to the internal organs， meridians and bones， and the body can be nourished both inside and outside to strengthen the acquired foundation. Emotional dissatisfaction can lead to stagnation of liver Qi， loss of spleen Qi， failure to dredge Qi， and deficiency of spleen Qi， forming the syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency. Its clinical manifestations include the symptoms of liver Qi stagnation such as depression， stamina， and chest fullness， as well as symptoms of spleen deficiency such as anorexia， abdominal distension， loose stools. Xiaoyaowan is an effective classic prescription for the treatment of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome， which is based on the dosage form of Xiaoyaosan in Prescriptions of the Bureau of Taiping People's Welfare Pharmacy. It has the effect of relieving depression， nourishing blood and invigorating spleen. In modern research， it has been found that Xiaoyaowan has good curative effect in the treatment of endocrine diseases， liver diseases， immune diseases， and neurological diseases， etc. It was praised by the famous medical scientist YE Tian-shi in the Qing Dynasty as "the holy medicine for women"， with a wide range of significant curative effects gynecology. Progress has been also made in pharmacological research. In this article， we have searched and consulted the relevant literature reports of Xiaoyaowan in recent years， summarized the key directions of the pharmacological research literature， and proposed deficiencies to provide relevant basis for the in-depth study of Xiaoyao pill in the future.

Critical quality attribute assessment of big brand traditional Chinese medicine: online NIR quality control research on boiling time during extraction process / 中国中药杂志

Assessment of the status property(boiling time) is a challenge for the quality control of extraction process in pharmaceutical enterprises. In this study, the pilot extraction process of Phellodendron chinense was used as the research carrier to develop an online near-infrared(NIR) quality control method based on the status property(boiling time). First, the NIR spectra of P. chinense were collected during the two pilot-scale extraction processes, and the status property(boiling time) was assessed by observing the state of bubbles in the extraction tank using a transparent window during the extraction process, which was then used as a reference standard. Based on the moving block standard deviation(MBSD) algorithm, the assessment model using online NIR spectra for boiling time during extraction process was established. In addition, the model was optimized as follows: standard normal variable(SNV) for spectral pretreatment, modeling band of 800-2 200 nm, and window size of 4. The results showed that, with 0.002 0 as the MBSD model threshold, the boiling time can be accurately assessed using online NIR spectra during extraction process. Furthermore, the principal component analysis-moving block standard deviation(PCA-MBSD) model was developed by our group to reduce the influence of online NIR spectral noise and background signal on the model, and the number of principal components was optimized into 2 in the PCA-MBSD model. The results showed that, with 0.000 075 as the PCA-MBSD model threshold, the boiling time can be accurately assessed using online NIR spectra during extraction process, with improved reliability. This study can provide a assessment method for boiling time during extraction process using online NIR spectra, which can replace the empirical judgment in manual observation, and realize the digitalization of the extraction process for big brand traditional Chinese medicine.

Critical quality attribute assessment of big brand traditional Chinese medicine: quality control method of ginkgo leaves extract material based on powder physical properties / 中国中药杂志

The physical properties of ginkgo leaves extract(GLE) are the critical quality attributes for the control of the manufacturing process of ginkgo leaves preparations. In this study, 53 batches of GLE with different sources from the real world were used as the objects to carry out the research from 3 levels. First, based on micromeritics evaluation method, a total of 29 physical attribute quality parameters in five dimensions were comprehensively characterized, with a total of 1 537 data points. Further, with use of physical fingerprinting technology combined with similarity evaluation, the powder physical properties of 53 batches of GLE showed obvious differences from an overall perspective, and the similarity of the physical fingerprints was 0.876 to 1.000. Secondly, hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA) and principal component analysis(PCA) models were constructed to realize the reliable identification and differentiation of real-world materials produced by GLE from different sources. Multivariate statistical process control(MSPC) model was used to create GLE material Hotelling T~2 and squared prediction error(SPE) control charts. It was found that the SPE score of B_(21) powder exceeded the 99% confidence control limit by 22.495 9, and the SPE scores of A_1 and C_(10) powder exceeded the 95% confidence control limit by 16.099 2, realizing the determination of abnormal samples in the materials of GLE from the production in real world. Finally, the physical quality control method of GLE in the production process of ginkgo leaves preparations was established in this study, providing a reference for the quality control methods of ginkgo leaves preparations in their manufacturing process.

A new quinoline alkaloid from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans / 中国中药杂志

Three compounds, including scolosprine C(1), uracil(2) and hypoxanthine(3), were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate fraction of centipede by silica gel normal-phase column chromatography, reversed-phase medium pressure preparation chromatography, and high-pressure semi-preparative HPLC. The structure was elucidated through a combination of spectroscopic analyses [such as nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and mass spectrometry(MS)] and literature review. Among them, compound 1 was a new quinoline alkaloid. In previous reports, we have described the isolation and structure elucidation of one new and two known quinoline alkaloids. In this paper, we would report the isolation and structure elucidation of scolosprine C in detail.

Determination of Main Components in Baihutang with Separation of Different Phase States and Different Phase States / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:The phase separation of Baihutang was carried out. The content of mangiferin，new mangiferin，calciumion，glycyrrhizin and ammonium glycyrrhizinate in the solution phase，the nano phase and the precipitated phase of Baihutang were measured，so as to define the effect of nanometer particles of Baihutang on the growth of active components，and explain the mechanisms of Baihutang in potent detoxification and heat removal. Method:The phase separation of Baihutang was performed by high-speed centrifugation and dialysis. The contents of mangiferin，new mangiferin，glycyrrhizin and ammonium glycyrrhizinate in Baihutang were determined by HPLC. Chromatographic column Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm，5 μm) was adopted, with acetonitrile-25 mmol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as the mobile phase, and eluted in a gradient mode. The detection wavelength was 257 nm，the column temperature was 30 ℃，and the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1. EDTA-2Na solution was used to calibrate the calcium concentration in different phase states of Baihutang. Result:1 mL Baihutang nanoparticles contained 483.00 μg new mangiferin，1 068.88 μg mangiferin，219.93 μg glycyrrhizin and 187.10 μg ammonium glycyrrhizin，and the content of new mangiferin and mangiferin accounted for 89.4% and 89.9% respectively in 1 mL Baihutang. The new mangiferin and mangiferin in the nano phase were 230.0 and 23.3 times the true solution，and 8.5 and 14.4 times of the precipitation，respectively. The content of calcium ions in Baihutang in the nano phase was higher，accounting for 86.9% of Baihutang，and the content of calcium ions in Baihutang and Baihutang in the nano phase was higher than that in gypsum group. Conclusion:The content of main components in Baihutang in nanometer phase is significantly higher than that in other phases. The nanoparticles of Baihutang have a solubilizing effect on the main antipyretic components, such as mangiferin，mangiferin and calcium ions as well as the antitoxic components glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhizic acid. The mechanism of action of Baihutang is related to the formation of nanoparticles.

Investigation of Spectrum-effect Relationship of Brain Protection of Shaoyao Gancaotang on Epileptic Mice Based on Grey Correlation Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the spectrum-effect relationship of effect of material components in Shaoyao Gancaotang on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in brain tissue of epileptic mice, and to reveal the material basis of the antiepileptic effect of Shaoyao Gancaotang. Method:HPLC was used to establish the fingerprint of 15 batches of Shaoyao Gancaotang, the mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile (A)-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution (B) for gradient elution (0-15 min, 19%A; 15-45 min, 19%A-50%A; 45-46 min, 50%A-90%A; 46-48 min, 90%A), the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, and the detection wavelength was 237 nm. The mouse epilepsy model was induced by penicillin, the protective effect of 15 batches of Shaoyao Gancaotang on MDA, SOD and ATPase levels in brain tissue of epileptic mice was investigated. Grey correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the peak areas of characteristic peaks in the fingerprint of 15 batches of Shaoyao Gancaotang and three pharmacodynamic indexes (the activities of MDA, SOD and ATPase), and the mathematical model of spectrum-effect relationship between different material components and pharmacodynamic indexes was established. Result:Shaoyao Gancaotang could increase the contents of ATPase and SOD and reduce the content of MDA in the brain tissue of epileptic mice, and most of the differences were significant (P<0.05, P<0.01). There were 28 common peaks in the fingerprint of 15 batches of Shaoyao Gancaotang, and 15 of them were characteristic peaks. Grey correlation analysis found that the characteristic peaks contributed to the activities of MDA, SOD and ATPase included peak 2 (albiflorin), peak 3 (paeoniflorin), peak 5 (liquiritin), and so on, the specific ranking was peak 3>peak 6>peak 12>peak 8>peak 2>peak 5>peak 9>peak 4>peak 10>peak 7>peak 13>peak 11>peak 15>peak 1>peak 14. Conclusion:Shaoyao Gancaotang can affect the activities of SOD, MDA and ATPase in brain tissue of epileptic mice by multi-component synergy. Simultaneously, introducing the grey correlation analysis into the correlation evaluation of the spectrum-effect relationship between components and efficacy of Chinese herbal compounds, it can objectively reflect the essence of the synergistic action of multiple components in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and it is an effective analysis method for screening and predicting the pharmacodynamic components of TCM.

Study on therapeutic effect of Chaiyin Particles on combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome based on regulation of immune function / 中国中药杂志

According to the classification of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of coronavirus disease 2019 by the national competent authority, this study determined that human coronavirus 229 E(HCoV-229 E) was infected in a mouse model of cold and dampness syndrome, so as to build the human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome model. The model can simulate the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of common disease syndromes in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Diagnosis and Treatment Program(the sixth edition for trial). Specific steps were as follows. ABALB/c mouse model of cold and dampness syndrome was established, based on which, HCoV-229 E virus was infected; then the experiment was divided into normal control group, infection control group, cold-dampness control group, cold-dampness infection group(the model group), high-dose Chaiyin Particles group(8.8 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and low-dose Chaiyin Particles group(4.4 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)). On the day of infection, Chaiyin Particles was given for three consecutive days. Lung tissues were collected the day after the last dose, and the lung index and inhibition rate were calculated. The nucleic acid of lung tissue was extracted, and the HCoV-229 E virus load was detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. Blood leukocytes were separated, and the percentage of T and B lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry. Lung tissue protein was extracted, and IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ contents were detected by ELISA. High and low-dose Chaiyin Particles significantly reduced the lung index(P<0.01) of mice of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome, and the inhibition rates were 61.02% and 55.45%, respectively. Compared with the model control group, high and low-dose Chaiyin Particles significantly increased cross blood CD4~+ T lymphocytes, CD8~+T lymphocytes and total B lymphocyte percentage(P<0.05, P<0.01), and reduced IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in lungs(P<0.01). In vitro results showed that TC_(50), TC_0, IC_(50) and TI of Chaiyin Particles were 4.46 mg·mL~(-1), 3.13 mg·mL~(-1), 1.12 mg·mL~(-1) and 4. The control group of in vitro culture cells had no HCoV-229 E virus nucleic acid expression. The expression of HCoV-229 E virus nucleic acid in the virus control group was 1.48×10~7 copies/mL, and Chaiyin Particles significantly reduced HCoV-229 E expression at doses of 3.13 and 1.56 mg·mL~(-1), and the expression of HCoV-229 E nucleic acid was 9.47×10~5 and 9.47×10~6 copies/mL, respectively. Chaiyin Particles has a better effect on the mouse model with human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome, and could play a role by enhancing immunity, and reducing inflammatory factor expression.

Optimization of Prescription of Lycii Fructus Polysaccharide Buccal Tablets by Central Composite Design-response Surface Methodology and Investigation of Its Immunomodulatory Effect / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To prepare Lycii Fructus polysaccharide buccal tablets and investigate its immunomodulatory effect. Method:Taking the appearance, taste, hardness and disintegration time of the tablets as comprehensive evaluation index, based on single factor tests, central composite design-response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the prescription of Lycii Fructus polysaccharide buccal tablets with mass ratio of dextrin to mannitol, mass ratio of cyclamate to malic acid and dosage of sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS-Na) as factors. Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely the Lycii Fructus polysaccharide buccal tablets low (100 mg·kg-1·d-1), medium (200 mg·kg-1·d-1) and high (300 mg·kg-1·d-1) dose groups, the normal group (0.9% normal saline, 300 mg·kg-1·d-1) and the positive medicine group (Cinengsu group, 300 mg·kg-1·d-1). The immunomodulatory effect of the buccal tablets were investigated by calculating immune organ index, monocyte-macrophage phagocytic index, serum hemolysin antibody level, and the voix pedis thickness difference of delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) of mice. Result:Optimal prescription for the buccal tablets was 80% of Lycii Fructus extract, 11.5% of dextrin-mannitol (1.2:1), 1% of cyclamate-malic acid (1:1), 0.5% of cream essence, 6.5% of CMS-Na, 0.5% of magnesium stearate, and appropriate amount of 80% ethanol. Under the optimal condition, the hardness of the buccal tablets was 11.83 kg, its disintegration time was 13.21 min, both of which were in line with the relevant provisions of the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and the buccal tablets had good appearance and taste. Compared with the normal group, medium and high dose groups of Lycii Fructus polysaccharide buccal tablets significantly increased thymus index, spleen index and phagocytic index of mice (PPPPPConclusion:The formulation process of the buccal tablets optimized by central composite design-response surface methodology is stable and feasible, and Lycii Fructus polysaccharide buccal tablets can improve the immune regulation function of normal mice, and this study can provide experimental basis for the development, utilization and clinical application of Lycii Fructus and Lycii Fructus polysaccharides.

Optimization of prescription and preparation technology of brucine nanostructured lipid carriers / 中草药

Objective To optimize the prescription and preparation technology of brucine nanostructured lipid carriers (B-NLC). Methods The method of "the solvent emulsification ultrasound" was used to prepare B-NLC. The prescription and preparation was optimized using a single factor method combined with central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). Results The resultant B-NLC was transparent liquid with light blue opalescence. The optimal conditions were that the dosage of drugs was 1.28 mg, the mass concentration of poloxamer 188 was 1.08%, and the ratio of solid lipid to liquid lipid was 1.45:1. The obtained NLC showed the average particle size of (136.89 ± 4.23) nm with a polydispersity index of 0.289 ± 0.005 and a zeta potential of (-34.46 ± 0.31) mV. The entrapment efficiency was calculated to be (68.98 ± 2.06)%, and the drug loading content was (1.90 ± 0.06)%. Conclusion B-NLC prepared by solvent emulsification ultrasound had a high entrapment efficiency and a narrow particle size distribution. The method was easy and simple and can be used to optimize the prescription and preparation of B-NLC, which provides a foundation for the further in vivo research of brucine.

Treating glioma with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: mechanism of action, safety and future application / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) are a group of cells that have self-renewal, highly proliferative and multidrug differentiation potential. The properties of UC-MSCs and their tumor tropism make them an ideal tool for glioma cell therapy. These cells can act by paracrine or as a delivery system for genes and drugs. It has been demonstrated that UC-MSCs can inhibit the growth of glioma and improve the survival after transplantation into the brain. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the molecular mechanisms and safety of UC-MSCs in the treatment of glioma and to provide a useful reference for further research. METHODS: We searched the PubMed and CNKI databases from 2000 to 2017 with the English terms of "glioma; umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells" and the Chinese terms of "glioma; umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; safety; molecular mechanism". Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 55 articles were finally reserved for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: UC-MSCs have obvious effect on treating glioma. These cells can treat glioma through homing mechanism and paracrine mechanism as gene carrier and co-culture. Moreover, UC-MSCs have certain safety in the treatment of glioma.

Targeting knockout of DMD gene exon51 in HEK293T cell based on CRISPR/Cas9 system / 基础医学与临床

Objective To knockout the exon51 of DMD gene in HEK293T cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Methods Design the target sequences of sgRNA and clone them into plasmid PX459 respectively; transfer these plasmids into HEK293T cell and extract the total genome DNA; test the activity of sgRNAs with surveyor assay, choose the most efficient one in each end;construct plasmid PX459-2sgRNA and transfer it into HEK293T cells;check whether the exon51 has been knocked known with PCR and T vector sequencing. Results 50% of HEK293T cells' DMD gene exon51 were knocked out,showing a high gene editing efficiency. Conclusions We successfully establish a platform to target knockout the exon51 of DMD gene and provide an important experimental basis for the treatment of DMD and other genetic diseases.

Study on Cellular Uptake Mechanism of HepG2.2.15 Cells to Nanoparticles Co-loaded with Syringopicroside and Hydroxytyrosol / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the uptake mechanism of HepG2.2.15 cells to the nanoparticles co-loaded with syringopicroside and hydroxytyrosol (SH-NPs). Methods The nanoparticles were prepared by using a nanoprecipitation method with mPEG-PLGA as nano-carrier co-loaded with syringopicroside and hydroxytyrosol. The uptake mechanism of HepG2.2.15 cells to SH-NPs was studied by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry using fluoresceineisothiocyanate (FITC) as a fluorescent marker. Results With colchicine as the inhibitor, the incubation time ranged from 0.5 to 24 h, the percentage of positive cells increased from 1.9% to 56.4%; When the drug concentration was 125, 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL, the positive cell percentages were 4.9%, 3.4% and 3.9%. With chloroquine as the inhibitor; the incubation time ranged from 0.5 to 24 h, the percentage of positive cells increased from 7.4% to 55.4%; When the drug concentration was 125, 250 and 500 μg/mL, the percentage of positive cells was 19.5%, 22.5% and 27.6%. Conclusion Colchicine and chloroquine have an inhibitory effect on HepG2.2.15 cells uptake, and the uptake of SH-NPs in HepG2.2.15 cells was positively correlated with drug concentration and incubation time. It can be concluded that the uptake mechanism of HepG2.2.15 cells to SH-NPs was nonspecific adsorption endocytosis.

Analysis on the psychological resilience and its influencing factors among patients after hepatectomy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the psychological resilience and its influencing factors among patients after hepatectomy. Methods A total of 126 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing surgery eradication were selected. 1 d before the patients discharged,the general information was collected, the patients were investigated by using psychological elasticity scale, medical coping questionnaire, social support rating scale, quality of life measurement scale of liver cancer patients. The correlations between variables were analyzed by using Pearson correlation analysis. The influencing factors of psychological resilience were analyzed by using multiple linear regression equation. Results The overall psychological resilience score for patients after hepatectomy was (54.73 ± 10.61) points. The psychological resilience among patients after hepatectomy was related with age, educational level and postoperative hospital stay(t=2.959,3.452,2.507,P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the psychological resilience among patients after hepatectomy was positively correlated with the confront coping, social support score, objective support, subjective support, supportive utilization, total quality of life, physical function, psychological function and social function (r =0.208-0.429, P<0.05), while was negatively correlated with avoiding coping, resignation coping, symptoms/side effects (r =-0.187,-0.442,-0.325, P<0.05). Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that resignation coping, subjective support, objective support, physical function and postoperative time entered the regression model and explained 59.4% of all the variation. Conclusions Patients after hepatectomy had poor psychological resilience, postoperative time, resignation coping, subjective support, supportive utilization and physical function were important influencing factors.

Research on preparation of arctigenin from Arctii Fructus / 中草药

Objective: To study the difficult extraction technology of Arctii Fructus in separation of arctigenin industrialization, which provides a practical preparation technology suitable for arctigenin industrialization in order to promote the industrialization development of arctigenin. Methods: Arctii Fructus was hydrolyzed by acid hydrolysis and alcohol extraction. Then the crude product was separated by ethyl acetate extraction. Finally the pure product of arctigenin was obtained through ethanol crystallization. Results: We obtained the crude product which the purity was more than 75.0% by simple extraction and separation. The finished product was crystallized with anhydrous ethanol until the purity of arctigenin is more than 99.0%. Conclusion: This study obtains a suitable process for arctigenin industrialization preparation.

Inhibitory effect of arctigenin on lymphocyte activation stimulated with PMA/ionomycin / 药学学报

This study investigated the effect of arctigenin (Arc) on the cell activation, cytokines expression, proliferation, and cell-cycle distribution of mouse T lymphocytes. Mouse lymphocytes were prepared from lymph node and treated with Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)/Ionimycin (Ion) and/or Arc. CD69, CD25, cytokines, proliferation and cell cycle were assayed by flow cytometry. The results showed that, at concentrations of less than 1.00 micromol x L(-1), Arc expressed non-obvious cell damage to cultured lymphocytes, however, it could significantly down-regulate the expression of CD69 and CD25, as well as TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 on PMA/Ion stimulated lymphocytes. At the same time, Arc could also inhibit the proliferation of PMA/Ion-activated lymphocytes and exhibited lymphocyte G 0/G1 phase cycle arrest. These results suggest that Arc possesses significant anti-inflammatory effects that may be mediated through the regulation of cell activation, cytokines expression and cell proliferation.

Effect of Acupuncture on Trunk Control Ability and Balance Function in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury above Lumbar / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the effect of acupuncture on trunk control ability and balance function in patients with spinal cord inju-ry above lumbar. Methods 40 patients with spinal cord injury were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 20 cas-es in each group. The control group received limb joint training method, the observation group received acupuncture in addition. Fugl-Mey-er Assessment and Flex Comp Infiniti EMG system were used to evaluate the balance function and trunk muscle strength before and 8 weeks after treatment. Results After treatment, the balance function and trunk control ability improved in both groups (P<0.01), and were better in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Limb linkage combined with acupuncture can further im-prove the balance function and trunk control ability in patients with spinal cord injury above lumbar.