Relationship between occupational coping self-efficacy and health-related productivity loss in ICU nurses： path analysis of perceived social support / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundCompared with absenteeism， health-related productivity loss has a long-lasting negative effect， and poses a greater harm and loss. The health-related productivity loss is mediated by self-efficacy， and perceived social support has been shown to have an impact on health-related productivity loss， whereas the interaction mechanism among the three remains unclear. ObjectiveTo investigate the status of perceived social support， occupational coping self-efficacy and health-related productivity loss among ICU nurses， and to test the mediation role of perceived social support in the relationship between occupational coping self-efficacy and health-related productivity loss. MethodsFrom September to November， 2021， purposive sampling technique was adopted to select 468 ICU nurses in 8 tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province. Subjects were assessed using self-made general information questionnaire， Perceived Social Support Scale （PSSS）， Occupational Coping Self Efficacy Scale for Nurses （OCSE-N） and Stanford Presenteeism Scale-6 （SPS-6）. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation among variables. Amos 24.0 was utilized to test the mediation role of perceived social support in the relationship between occupational coping self-efficacy and health-related productivity loss. ResultsA total of 415 ICU nurses completed the valid questionnaire survey. ICU nurses scored （63.13±11.62） on PSSS， （22.24±6.15） on OCSE-N， and （16.83±4.24） on SPS-6. Health-related productivity loss was detected in 279 ICU nurses （67.23%）. Correlation analysis denoted that PSSS total score was positively correlated with OCSE-N total score （r=0.348， P<0.05）， and negatively correlated with SPS-6 total score （r=-0.274， P<0.05）. OCSE-N total score was negatively correlated with SPS-6 total score （r=-0.421， P<0.05）. The direct effect value of occupational coping self-efficacy on health-related productivity loss was -0.401， and perceived social support showed a mediation role in the relationship between occupational coping self-efficacy and health-related productivity loss （the indirect effect value was -0.052， accounting for 11.48% of the total effect）. ConclusionThe occupational coping self-efficacy of ICU nurses may affect the health-related productivity loss through the action path of perceived social support.［Funded by Scientific Research Project of Sichuan Provincial Health Commission （number， 19PJ042）］

Comparative study of next generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry on molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the differences in molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma (EC) between various technical methods and to explore molecular classification schemes suitable for Chinese population. Methods: The study used a comprehensive scheme of next generation sequencing (NGS) and immunohistochemistry for molecular classification of 254 EC cases that were obtained at Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China from April 2021 to March 2022. According to the recommended threshold of Sanger sequencing which was approximate-20% variant allele fraction (VAF), NGS data were extracted to simulate the results of Sanger sequencing. Results: The 254 EC patients had a mean age of 51 years (range, 24 to 89 years). Combination of POLE (9-14 exons), TP53 total exons and microsatellite instability (MSI) detection was a better single scheme than NGS alone, while combination of MSI fragment analysis and conventional immunohistochemistry was the best solution and seemed best aligned with TCGA data and recent studies. POLE ultramuted type, mismatch repair defect type, TP53 mutant type and non-specific molecular characteristic type accounted for 11.4% (29/254), 31.5% (80/254), 22.4% (57/254) and 34.6% (88/254) of the cases, respectively. If Sanger sequencing was adopted for POLE and TP53 detection, the frequencies of these EC types were 9.1% (23/254), 31.5% (80/254), 12.9% (33/254) and 46.6% (118/254), respectively, with greatly increasing non-specific molecular characteristics cases. If POLE was detected by Sanger sequencing and others by immunohistochemistry, they were 9.1% (23/254), 42.2% (92/218), 13.8% (35/254) and 40.9% (105/254), respectively, with increasing the false positive rates of the mismatch repair defect group. Conclusions: Small and medium-sized NGS panels with MSI detection is a better solution than NGS alone. Sanger sequencing is currently available for POLE mutation detection, which is not sensitive enough for TP53 mutation detection, and seems equivalent to the efficiency of TP53 by immunohistochemistry. Further optimization of small and medium-sized NGS panels covering MSI detection and POLE and TP53 full exons may be the best choice for the future to meet national conditions.

Comparison of the effects and safety of dydrogesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate on endometrial hyperplasia without atypia: a randomized controlled non-inferior phase Ⅲ clinical study / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To compare the effects and safety of dydrogesterone (DG) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on the treatment in patients with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (EH). Methods: This was a single-center, open-label, prospective non-inferior randomized controlled phase Ⅲ trial. From February 2019 to November 2021, patients with EH admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University were recruited. Enrolled patients were stratified according to the pathological types of simple hyperplasia (SH) or complex hyperplasia (CH), and were randomised to receive MPA or DG. Untill May 14, 2022, the median follow-up time after complete response (CR) was 9.3 months (1.1-17.2 months). The primary endpoint was the 6-month CR rate (6m-CR rate). The secondary endpoints included the 3-month CR rate (3m-CR rate), adverse events rate, recurrence rate, and pregnancy rate in one year after CR. Results: (1) A total of 292 patients with EH were enrolled in the study with the median age of 39 years (31-45 years). A total of 135 SH patients were randomly assigned to MPA group (n=67) and DG group (n=68), and 157 CH patients were randomly assigned to MPA group (n=79) and DG group (n=78). (2) Among 292 patients, 205 patients enrolled into the primary endpoint analysis, including 92 SH patients and 113 CH patients, with 100 patients in MPA group and 105 in DG group, respectively. The 6m-CR rate of MPA group and DG group were 90.0% (90/100) and 88.6% (93/105) respectively, and there were no statistical significance (χ2=0.11, P=0.741), with the rate difference (RD) was -1.4% (95%CI:-9.9%-7.0%). Stratified by the pathology types, the 6m-CR rate of SH patients was 93.5% (86/92), and MPA group and DG group were respectively 91.1% (41/45) and 95.7% (45/47); and the 6m-CR rate of CH patients was 85.8% (97/113), and MPA group and DG group were 89.1% (49/55) and 82.8% (48/58) respectively. The 6m-CR rates of the two treatments had no statistical significance either (all P>0.05). A total of 194 EH patients enrolled into the secondary endpoint analysis, including 88 SH patients and 106 CH patients, and 96 patients in MPA group and 98 in DG group, respectively. The 3m-CR rate of SH patients were 87.5% (77/88), while the 3m-CR rates of MPA group and DG group were 90.7% (39/43) and 84.4% (38/45), respectively; the 3m-CR rate of CH patients was 66.0% (70/106), and MPA group and DG group had the same 3m-CR rate of 66.0% (35/53). No statistical significance was found between the two treatments both in SH and CH patients (all P>0.05). (3) The incidence of adverse events between MPA group and DG group had no statistical significance (P>0.05). (4) A total of 93 SH patients achieved CR, and the cumulative recurrence rate in one year after CR were 5.9% and 0 in MPA group and DG group, respectively. While 112 CH patients achieved CR, and the cumulative recurrence rate in one year after CR were 8.8% and 6.5% in MPA group and DG group, respectively. There were no statistical significance between two treatment groups (all P>0.05). Among the 93 SH patients, 10 patients had family planning but no pregnancy happened during the follow-up period. Among the 112 CH patients, 21 were actively preparing for pregnancy, and the pregnancy rate and live-birth rate in one year after CR in MPA group were 7/9 and 2/7, while in DG group were respectively 4/12 and 2/4, and there were no statistical significance in pregnancy rate and live-birth rate between the two treatment groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Compared with MPA, DG is of good efficacy and safety in treating EH. DG is a favorable alternative treatment for EH patients.

Tumor microenvironment responsive liposomes blocking CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway and synergistically enhancing immune efficacy of anti-PD-L1 / 药学学报

Blocking immune checkpoint programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) or programmed death receptor-ligand 1 (PD-L1) can enhance anti-tumor activity of effector T cells. However, the lack of response in many patients to PD-1/PD-L1 therapy remains a question. Improving the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors has become a promising cancer treatment strategy. We constructed a liposome system (PD-L1/siCXCL12-Lp) of CXCL12 siRNA and anti-PD-L1 peptide with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) responsiveness, which combined the TME regulation of siCXCL12 and the immune regulation of anti-PD-L1 peptide. All animal experiments were approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University. The authors found that PD-L1/siCXCL12-Lp directly down-regulated the expression of CXCL12 in vitro (33.8%) and in vivo (15.5%). It also effectively increased the ratio of CD8+/Treg by 20.0%, which helped the anti-PD-L1 peptide to better exert its immune effect. The combination therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth (52.08%) with great safety, which explored a new idea for cancer immunotherapy.

Prevalence and frequencies of human papilloma virus types in adenocarcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To examine the prevalence and frequencies of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). Methods: The cases of cervical AIS with concurrent tests of cytology and HPV typing from January 2007 to February 2020 in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 478 cases of cervical AIS were obtained. The average age of the patients was 39.4 years (range, 19-81 years). The largest age group was 30-39 years (44.8%), followed by 40-49 years (34.7%). Among the 478 patients, 355 underwent high-risk HPV (hrHPV) testing and had a hrHPV-positive rate of 93.8%. Of the 355 patients, 277 also underwent HPV typing and were mostly positive for either or both HPV16 and HPV18 (93.1%), with 55.6% positive for HPV18 and 48.7% positive for HPV16. Among the 478 cases, 266 cases (55.6%) were diagnosed with both AIS and squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), while 212 cases (44.4%) were diagnosed with only AIS. Patients infected with HPV16 in the AIS and SIL group significantly outnumbered those in the AIS alone group (P<0.05). Moreover, the rate of positive cytology was 55.9% (167/299 cases), while that of negative cytology was 44.1% (132/299). Among the 109 patients with negative cytology results and co-tested hrHPV, there were 101 HPV-positive cases (92.7%), of which 88 cases were subject to HPV typing and showed an HPV16/18 positive rate of 94.3% (83/88 cases). Conclusions: The combination of HPV typing and cytological screening can maximize the detection rate of cervical AIS, and should continue to be utilized, ideally on a larger scale, in the future.

Research progress on improvement of functions of small molecular compounds of traditional Chinese medicine based on supramolecular properties of hyaluronic acid / 药学学报

Hyaluronic acid is widely used in biomaterials, cosmetics, clinical medicine and other fields due to its good biocompatibility, degradability, hydrophilicity, tumor targeting, viscosity and other characteristics. Pharmacodynamic activities of natural small molecular products which derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are significant, but their low solubility and poor targeting limit the clinical application. Based on supramolecular properties of hyaluronic acid, in this review, numerous studies were reviewed on the improvement of solubility, bioavailability, targeting and suitable dosage forms of small molecular compounds in TCM by domestic and foreign scholars using hyaluronic acid as carrier. It provides new ideas and inspirations for exploring the potential application value of small molecule compounds in TCM and even for the research and development of new drugs.

Interaction between Abnormal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Hyperlipidemia during Pregnancy on the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the interaction between abnormal prepregnancy body mass index(pBMI)and high blood lipid level during pregnancy on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM). Methods A total of 235 patients with GDM and no blood lipid-related diseases before pregnancy were selected from Hangzhou Women's Hospital during March 2017 to July 2018 as the GDM group.At a ratio of 1∶3,a total of 705 individual age-matched pregnant women with normal glucose metabolism during prenatal examination from the same hospital were selected as the control group.The generalized multifactor dimension reduction(GMDR)method was employed to characterize the possible interaction between pBMI-blood lipid and GDM.The cross-validation consistency,equilibrium test accuracy,and P value were calculated to evaluate the interaction of each model. Results GMDR model analysis showed that the second-order model including pBMI and gestational blood lipid level had the best performance(P=0.001),with the cross-validation consistency of 10/10 and the equilibrium test accuracy of 64.48%,suggesting that there was a potential interaction between pBMI and gestational high blood lipid level.After adjustment of confounding factors,the model demonstrated that overweight/obesity patients with high triglyceride(TG) level had the highest risk of developing GDM(OR=14.349,95%CI=6.449-31.924,P<0.001).Stratified analysis showed that overweight/obesity patients under high TG level group had a higher risk of developing GDM than normal weight individuals(OR=2.243,95%CI=1.173-4.290,P=0.015). Conclusions Abnormal pBMI and high blood lipid level during pregnancy are the risk factors of GDM and have an interaction between each other.Overweight/obese pregnant women with high TG levels are more likely to develop GDM.

Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum Lipid Profiles and Neonatal Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus:a Meta-analysis / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on serum lipid profiles and neonatal prognosis in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)patients.Methods The electronic databases including PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,CNKI,and Wanfang Data were searched from inception to February 1,2020.All randomized controlled trials that compared vitamin D supplementation with placebo or without supplementation for GDM women were included.Paper selection,data extraction,meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted independently by two authors.Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.The data were analyzed in RevMan 5.3 software and Stata 12.0.Results Totally 17 randomized controlled trials involving 1432 patients(704 in the intervention group and 728 in the control group)were included in the meta-analysis.The results showed that vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced serum total cholesterol [MD=-6.11,95% CI=(-7.17,-5.04)],low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [MD=-10.80,95% CI=(-14.72,-6.89)],and triglyceride [MD=-8.11,95% CI=(-10.09,-6.13)],while significantly increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level [MD=45.45,95% CI=(41.98,48.92)] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [MD=2.77,95% CI=(1.59,3.96)].In addition,vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the incidence rate of hyperbilirubinemia [RR=0.49,95% CI=(0.35,0.68)],premature birth [RR=0.44,95% CI=(0.27,0.72)],and neonatal hospitalization [RR=0.44,95% CI=(0.29,0.67)].Conclusions Vitamin D supplementation may regulate the serum lipid profiles in patients with GDM and reduce the incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes.More high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the findings in our study.

Identification and activity evaluation of Astragalus Radix from different germplasm resources based on specific oligosaccharide fragments / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Based on trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, the carbohydrate responsible for immunomodulatory activity are used as quality indicators for Astragalus Radix (AR). Methods: In this study, 24 batches of AR from different germplasm resources were selected as the research object, and AR polysaccharides were extracted. PAGE and HPTLC methods were used to analyze the partial acid hydrolyzate of AR polysaccharides and obtain a series of saccharide fingerprints. The data were analyzed by principal component analysis to obtain the difference between AR from different germplasm resources. Results: The results showed that trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide could be used as differential fragments to distinguish AR of different cultivation methods; Disaccharides and trisaccharides can be used as differential fragments to distinguish different species of AR. The immunological activity analysis of the specific oligosaccharide fragment of AR showed that the specific oligosaccharide fragment of AR could promote the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NO in THP-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion: Both PAGE and HPTLC methods can be used to evaluate AR from different germplasm resources. This study laid the foundation for the quality evaluation of AR medicinal herbs.

Interfacial properties and micellization of triblock poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(-caprolactone)-polyethyleneimine copolymers

This study aimed to explore the link between block copolymers' interfacial properties and nanoscale carrier formation and found out the influence of length ratio on these characters to optimize drug delivery system. A library of diblock copolymers of PEG-PCL and triblock copolymers with additional PEI (PEG-PCL-PEI) were synthesized. Subsequently, a systematic isothermal investigation was performed to explore molecular arrangements of copolymers at air/water interface. Then, structural properties and drug encapsulation in self-assembly were investigated with DLS, SLS and TEM. We found the additional hydrogen bond in the PEG-PCL-PEI contributes to film stability upon the hydrophobic interaction compared with PEG-PCL. PEG-PCL-PEI assemble into smaller micelle-like (such as PEG-PCL4006-PEI) or particle-like structure (such as PEG-PCL8636-PEI) determined by their hydrophilic and hydrophobic block ratio. The distinct structural architectures of copolymer are consistent between interface and self-assembly. Despite the disparity of constituent ratio, we discovered the arrangement of both chains guarantees balanced hydrophilic-hydrophobic ratio in self-assembly to form stable construction. Meanwhile, the structural differences were found to have significant influence on model drugs incorporation including docetaxel and siRNA. Taken together, these findings indicate the correlation between molecular arrangement and self-assembly and inspire us to tune block compositions to achieve desired nanostructure and drug loading.

Research progress and secondary development ideas of Astragali Radix polysaccharides for injection / 中国中药杂志

Astragali Radix( AR) polysaccharide for injection( Guoyao Zhunzi Z20040086) is a traditional Chinese medicine for intravenous powder injection developed by Shanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in early 1990 s by taking advantage of AR resources in Shanxi province. The effective parts of AR polysaccharides were obtained by advanced technology. The hemogram of patients with radiotherapy and chemotherapy showed alleviations in clinic. However,due to the technical bottleneck in separation of the complex polysaccharides mixture and the difficulties in accurate measurement of the polysaccharide structures,the pharmacodynamic mechanism of the drug remained unclear,and the side effect was hard to control. In recent years,the theoretical studies for polysaccharide receptors have indicated that when polysaccharides bound to protein receptors,only the oligosaccharide fragments of the polysaccharide molecule bound to the receptors,and one or more active sites of oligosaccharide fragments may existed in the polysaccharide molecule.Therefore,the active center of polysaccharides can be studied based on the level of oligosaccharides through degradation of the polysaccharides,which provided a new strategy for breaking through the bottleneck in polysaccharide structure determination. Therefore,this paper reviews the current status of studies for AR polysaccharides for injection,the polysaccharide receptors theory and successful cases,in order to propose the secondary development ideas of AR polysaccharides for injection. The study results will lay a material foundation for the development of new drugs of polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine,and provide a basis for the resolution of international difficulties in quality control of polysaccharide drugs and molecular models,so as to further study of glycobiology,and enrich the polysaccharide receptors theory.

Determination of six compounds in Berberidis Cortex and comparative study of its different species / 中国中药杂志

In order to clarify the characteristic components of Berberidis Cortex,the preparative liquid chromatography and spectral analysis methods were used to separate and identify the unknown components in the water extract of Berberidis Cortex. Two compounds were isolated and identified as bufotenidine and ferulic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. They were both isolated for the first time from Berberidis Cortex and Berberis. In addition,an HPLC method was successfully established for simultaneously determination of six compounds in Berberidis Cortex,and chemometric methods were used to study the chemical differences among three main species of Berberidis Cortex. The results suggested that jatrorrhizine and bufotenidine are the main difference compounds among the three species.Compared with B. kansuensis and B. diaphana,B. vernae contains significantly more jatrorrhizine(P<0. 01),and the content of bufotenidine in B. vernae was significantly higher than that in B. kansuensis(P<0. 05). Considering these results,further research is necessary to reveal the pharmacological activities of bufotenidine and the pharmacodynamic differences between the three species. The results could provide a reference for quality control,the basic research on effective substances,and development of Berberidis Cortex.

Phenotype Analysis of 78 Cases of Abnormal Hemoglobin E Homozygotes / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the hematological characteristics of HbE homozygotes.@*METHODS@#Complete blood cells count and hemoglobin electrophoresis were used for phenotypic analysis of 78 cases with HbE homozygotes from Yunnan province, China. The PCR-fluorescence hybridization was used to detect the common gene mutation of thalassemia. The hematological indexes, including MCV, MCH, Hb, HbA2, HbF and HbE were statistically analyzed between groups with different sex, ages and compound α thalassemia status.@*RESULTS@#In HbE homozygotes (HbEE), 89.5% (17/19) children presented mild to moderate microcytic hypochromic anemia, and 10.5% of them presented moderate anemia. 39.6% (19/48) of women with HbEE developed mild anemia ,while 11 cases of male with HbE homozygotes were asymptomatic. The levels of MCV and MCH in HbE homozygotes increased by co-inheritance of α thalassemia mutation.@*CONCLUSION@#The clinical phenotype of HbE homozygote shows highly heterogeneous, which is relates with age, sex and co-inheriting α-globin genotypes. In Hb EE women and children are more likely to develop mild to moderate anemia. The microcytic hypochromic anemia degree is relieved when HbEE combined with α- thalassemia.

Preparation and characterization of paclitaxel microspheres in situ gel and its antitumor efficacy by local injection / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#The current difficulties in the treatment of tumor include repeated administration and high recurrence rate after tumor resection. In order to reduce the number of doses, avoid side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, suppress tumor growth and delay tumor recurrence after surgery, a temperature-sensitive in situ gel with paclitaxel microspheres (PTX/M gel) was prepared. PTX/M gel was administered by intratumoral injection once a month.@*METHODS@#First of all, paclitaxel microspheres (PTX/M) were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method. A laser particle size distribution analyzer was used to investigate the size, distribution, specific surface area of microspheres. Paclitaxel content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Then encapsulation efficiency of paclitaxel was calculated and in vitro release characteristics were studied. Secondly, PTX/M gel was prepared by cold dissolution method. The phase transition temperature, elastic modulus, dissolution curve, correlation between dissolution and release were measured. Finally, U87 MG and 4T1 subcutaneous tumor models were established respectively to study the efficacy of PTX/M gel in suppressing tumor growth and delaying tumor recurrence after surgery.@*RESULTS@#The median diameter of the selected PTX/M was (32.24±1.09) μm, the specific surface area was (206.61±10.23) m2/kg, the encapsulation efficiency was 85.29%±1.34%, and the cumulative release percentage of paclitaxel from PTX/M was 33.56%±3.33% in one month. Phase transition temperature of PTX/M gel was 33 °C. The elastic modulus of PTX/M gel at 25 °C and 37 °C were 4.2×103 Pa and 18×103 Pa, respectively. The gel could stay in the body for up to 48 hours. It could be seen from the results of animal experiments that were compared with the saline group and the Taxol group, and the tumor-bearing mice of the PTX/M gel group had the slowest tumor growth (P<0.05). Similarly, in the tumor recurrence experiments, the mice of PTX/M gel group had the latest tumor recurrence after surgery.@*CONCLUSION@#As a local sustained-release preparation, PTX/M gel can effectively suppress tumor growth and delay postoperative recurrence of tumors. It has potential advantages in tumor treatment.

Optimization of Purification Process of Total Alkaloid Extract of Berberis dictyophylla Cortex by Macroporous Resin and Investigation of Its Quality Standard / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To optimize purification process of total alkaloid extract of Berberis dictyophylla cortex by macroporous resin,and to establish its quality standard. Method: Acid dye colorimetry was used to investigate the purification process of total alkaloid extract of B. dictyophylla cortex,the process parameters included concentration of sample solution,speed of sampling,diameter-height ratio of resin column,water washing amount,concentration and dosage of eluent,flow rate of elution,etc.In order to determine the optimum process,HPLC was employed to determine the contents of four alkaloids(magnoflorine,jatrorrhizine hydrochloride,palmatine hydrochloride,and berberine hydrochloride) with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution for gradient elution and detection wavelength at 270 nm.After being purified,quality standard of total alkaloid extract of B. dictyophylla cortex was investigated according to the requirements in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Result: Optimal purification conditions were as following:10 g of HPD100 macroporous adsorption resin with a column diameter-height ratio of 1:8,sampling solution concentration of 11 g·L-1,the loading flow rate of 1 mL·min-1,sampling solution volume of 50 mL,washed with 4 BV of water(1 BV=15 mL) and added 9 BV of 30% ethanol,after being purified,the transfer rate of total alkaloids was>80%,and its purity was>65%.The quality standard of total alkaloid extract of B. dictyophylla cortex was established,there were 19 common peaks in the characteristic chromatogram,and the overall similarity was>0.99. Conclusion: This optimized purification process is stable and feasible, and the established quality standard is controllable.

Effect of Berbamine Hydrochloride on Intestinal Absorption Characteristics of Berberine Hydrochloride by Rat Everted Intestinal Sac Model / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of berbamine hydrochloride on the absorption characteristics of berberine hydrochloride in different intestinal segments of rats in normal environment and high calcium environment. Method: Taking rat everted intestinal sac model,the content of berberine hydrochloride in absorbent solution of everted intestinal sac from different compatibility groups was determined by HPLC,and the uptake per unit area in different groups was analyzed by One-way ANOVA. Result: Compared with the normal J70 group(in normal environment,the concentration of berberine hydrochloride was 70 mg·L-1) at the same time point,the uptake per unit area of the normal J70+Ver100 group(in normal environment,the concentration of berberine hydrochloride was 70 mg·L-1,adding verapamil hydrochloride to a concentration of 100 mg·L-1) was significantly increased in the ileum(P-1,adding berbamine hydrochloride to a concentration of 35 mg·L-1) were significantly increased in the duodenum(P-1,adding berbamine hydrochloride to a concentration of 70 mg·L-1) were significantly increased in the ileum(PConclusion: Berbamine hydrochloride can promote the absorption of berberine hydrochloride in intestine to a certain extent,especially in the high calcium environment.

Ideas for New Drug Discovery of Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy Based on “Holistic View” in Tibetan Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diabetic nephropathy(DN) is a kind of severe diabetes mellitus(DM) complications,which is one of the most common cause of end-stage renal failure.The incidence of DN increases with the increase of the number of DM patients,and early prevention is the key.DM and DN are characteristic advantages of Tibetan medicine,the "holistic view" of dynamic balance based on the three major factors in the body(Sanyin,included rlung,mkhris-pa and bad-gan) is a unique understanding of DM and DN among Tibetan medical practitioners,and which has rich and unique clinical and medication experiences in DN treatment.This paper discussed the medical theory "holistic view" on the Tibetan medicine for DM and DN,dug commonly used Tibetan drugs and Tibetan medical prescriptions for clinical treatment of DN,in order to provide new ideas for the treatment of DN and the discovery of new drugs for DN, and give full play to the unique advantages of Tibetan medicine.

Research situation of pH low insertion peptides / 药学学报

Extracellular acidity has been associated with many pathological states, such as cancer, ischemic stroke, neurotrauma and infection, which makes it an effective target for therapy and diagnosis of such diseases. As a polypeptide vector, pH low insertion peptides (pHLIPs) are endowed with high sensitivity to extracellular acidic environment, which can insert the membrane and deliver payload to pathological cells in a pH dependent manner. Here, theranostic applications of pHLIP in disease, are reviewed in two aspects:pHLIP-mediated single-molecule transporter and nano-sized carrier.

Preparation of decontaminant for skin radioactive isotopes contamination of Co2+ and Mn2+ / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To develop a detergent for decontamination of Co2+ and Mn2+ on skin.Methods Single-factor experimental and orthogonal experimental designs were performed to study the formula composition of the decontaminant.The skin irritation experiment was performed and assessed according to the standard method.The detergent was prepared according the conventional process of showering gel.The pH,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) level,total active substances of the detergent,and its stability were evaluated according to the chemical method recommended in the national standard GB/T 13173-2008.The decontamination efficiency on stable isotopes of Co2+ and Mn2+ contamination was measured on the back of hand skin of volunteers.Results The formula composition of the decontaminant was obtained through the orthogonal experiment.The pH value of the detergent was 6.99,total active substance was 20.49％ and the content of EDTA was 5.99％.After being kept at-5 ℃ and 40℃℃ for 24h,the decontaminant showed no strange smell,no precipitation,no discoloration and still kept transparent.The decontamination effects on Co2+ and Mn2+ contaminated on hand skin were 103.13％ ± 0.05％ and 100.62％ ± 0.09％,respectively,which was significantly higher than that of distilled water (81.77％ ± 0.23％ and 79.63％ ± 0.23％,P＜0.01,respectively).Conclusion The decontaminant has a high effect on decontamination of Co2+ and Mn2+ polluted on skin,and is hopeful to be developed as an effective detergent on radioactive isotopes contamination.

Preliminary study of the dose-proportion relation of Tibetan medicine Siwei Jianghuang Prescription on diabetic nephropathy rats induced by STZ / 中成药

AIM To investigate the dose-proportion relation of Tibetan medicine Siwei Jianghuang Prescription (SJP) for protective effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN),and the underlying mechanism.METHODS Diabetes mellitus rats induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg) were randomly divided into model group,metformin support group,and eight SJP groups with dose-proportion variation (with reference to the uniform design method) for corresponding drug administration once a day,for four weeks.Measurement of fasting blood glucose (FBG) by a blood glucose meter,the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN),uric acid (UA),serum creatinine (SCr) and total protein (TP) by chemical methods,serum transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by ELISA kits were conducted,the pathological morphology observation and glomerular basement membrane thickness detection by electron microscope were accomplished as well.Principal components analysis (PCA) and multivariate progressive regression analysis (MSRA) were employed to analyze the relationship between the dose-proportion to pharmacodynamics.RESULTS The resultant indexes revealed variant pharmacological improvement in each treatment group.MSRA results showed that the levels of BUN,renal index,FBG,glomerular basement membrane thickness,VEGF,Scr,and UA had correlative relations with a multiple linear or a multiple non-linear in all groups,which regression equation had a statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05);TGF-β1 level and total protein index with the dose-proportion had no linear or non-linear relation,which the regression equation statistical showed non-significance (P ＞ 0.05).In the global optimization comparison around the range of uniform design,the optimal dosage of the rats model was Curcumae Longae Rhizoma ∶ Berberidis dictyophyllae Cortex ∶ Phyllanthi Fructus ∶ Tribuli Fructus =1 ∶ 2 ∶ 1 ∶ 2.CONCLUSION Siwei Jianghuang Prescription shows better therapeutic effects on DN,which may be related to reducing the levels of BUN,renal index,FBG,glomerular basement membrane thickness,VEGF,Scr and UA.