Role of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 receptor in remote preconditioning of trauma-induced cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 receptor in remote preconditioning of trauma-induced cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and related mechanism. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: Sham operation group(Sham), model group(IR), remote preconditioning of trauma group(RPCT), TRPA1 inhibitor+remote preconditioning of trauma group(TCS+RPCT)and TRPA1 inhibitor group(TCS). The model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rats was established, and the hemodynamics was monitored throughout the process. After reperfusion, the rat heart was taken to measure the myocardial infarction area and myocardial apoptosis rate, the activity and protein expression of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2)and the expression of 4-hydroxynonenal(4-HNE)were detected. Results Compared with sham group, myocardial infarction area and myocardial apoptosis cell increased. Meanwhile, the activity and expression of ALDH2 decreased and the production of 4-HNE increased in IR group. However, compared with IR group, RPCT group had decreased myocardial infarction area and the rate of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, the activity and expression of ALDH2 increased, the production of 4-HNE decreased. And then, compared with RPCT group, TCS+RPCT group reduced the myocardial protective effect of remote preconditioning of trauma. Conclusions TRPA1 receptor mediates the effect of remote preconditioning of trauma alleviating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Its mechanism may be related to regulating ALDH2 activity and protein expression, and affecting the content of 4-HNE.

Rosuvastatin acts on the lymphatic system to improve atherosclerosis / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate whether rosuvastatin acts on lymphatic system and influences lymphatic system-mediated reverse cholesterol transport to play an anti-atherosclerosis role. Methods: Forty-eight apolipoprotein E-/- mice fed a high fat diet were used to construct the atherosclerosis model. They were randomly divided into 4 groups with 12 rats in each group. They were treated with rosuvastatin, vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and rosuvastatin+VEGF-C inhibitors as experimental group, and no intervention measures were given in control group. After 8 weeks, aortic plaque area, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content in lymph fluid, the function of popliteal lymphatic drainage of peripheral Evans blue, and the ability of lymphatic system to transport peripheral cell membrane red fluorescent probes to label high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were detected. Subsequently, the effects of rosuvastatin on proliferation, migration and tubular function of lymphoendothelial cells and the expression of scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) on lymphoendothelial cells at different concentrations were detected. Results: Compared with the control group, Rosuvastatin and VEGF-C could reduce the area of aortic atherosclerotic plaque (P<0.05). In addition to rosuvastatin plus VEGF-C inhibitor, the intra-aortic plaque area increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, Rosuvastatin could increase the content of HDL-C in lymphatic fluid (P<0.05), enhance the drainage function of lymphatic vessels, and enhance the capacity of HDL in the transport tissue fluid of lymphatic system. Compared with the control group, VEGF-C increased the content of HDL-C in mouse lymph fluid (P<0.01), enhanced the drainage function of popliteal lymphatic canal, and enhanced the ability of lymphatic system to transport HDL. With the addition of VEGF-C inhibitor on the basis of rosuvastatin, the content of HDL-C in lymph fluid was reduced, the drainage of popliteal lymphatic canal was interrupted, and the ability of lymphatic system to transport HDL was reduced. Western blotting showed that rosuvastatin increased the protein expression of SR-B1. Conclusion: Rosuvastatin can promote the proliferation, migration and tube formation of lymphatic endothelial cells. At the same time, SR-B1 expression on lymphatic endothelial cells is promoted, thus enhancing the lymphatic system mediated cholesterol reversal transport and playing the role of anti-atherosclerosis.

Research Progress on Mechanism of Acupuncture for Neurological and Other Diseases by Regulating Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

As an important part of traditional Chinese medicine， the efficacy and scientificity of acupuncture have attracted more and more attention. In recent years， rigorous randomized controlled clinical trials have confirmed the efficacy of acupuncture on certain dominant diseases， and basic researches have partially revealed the mechanism of acupuncture for treating diseases. By analyzing published literatures and referring to relevant studies from our research team， this paper reviews the mechanisms of acupuncture for treating neurological and other diseases via regulating the autophagy-lysosomal pathway （ALP）. We found that acupuncture improved related pathologies in different disease models by up-regulating or down-regulating ALP， and there is a certain correlation between the distribution of acupoints and the one-way/two-way regulation of ALP； however， the current studies have some defects in experimental design and methodology， and the molecular mechanisms of acupuncture on ALP regulation remain to be further elucidated.

Clinical efficacy and technical characteristics of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy in the treatment of upper lumbar disc herniation / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical efficacy and technical characteristics of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discecomy in the treatment of upper lumbar disc herniation.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 9 patients with upper lumbar disc herniation underwent percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discecomy from January 2012 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 6 males and 3 females, aged 26 to 79 years, including 2 patients with L disc herniation and 7 patients with L2, 3 disc herniation. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopeadic Association (JOA) score were recorded before and after surgery. The clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the modified Macnab standard.@*RESULTS@#All 9 patients were followedup, and the follow-up time was 1 day and 3 months after surgery. The operation time was 1.5 to 2.9 h and postoperative hospital stay was 5 to 8 d. No cerebrospinal fluid leakage or spinal cord injury occurred during the operation. Preoperative and postoperative at 1 day, 3 months, the VAS scores of 9 patients were 7 to 8 scores, 1 to 3 scores, 0 to 1 case, JOA scores were 5 to 7 scores, 15 to 24 scores, 21 to 26 scores, respectively. The improvement rate of JOA was 36.4% to 78.3% on the first day and 65.2% to 87.5% three months after operation. According to modified Macnab standard to evaluate effect, 4 cases got excellent results, 4 good, 1 fair.@*CONCLUSION@#Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discecomy has reliable therapeutic effect for upper lumbar disc herniation in line with the indications, and it has the characteristics of small trauma and short operation time, so it is more suitable for middle aged and elderly patients with poor physique and can replace part of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.

Application prospect of new technology and new equipment in production of Chinese patent medicine / 中国中药杂志

At present,the production equipment and process of Chinese patent medicines still have many problems including high energy consumption,low efficiency,high pollution,and low intelligence,which seriously hinder the transformation,upgrading and modernized development of traditional Chinese medicine industry. With the emergence of various new pharmaceutical technologies and the application of technologies of other fields in traditional Chinese medicine industry,the development of Chinese patent medicine has ushered in new opportunities. The processes such as pulverization,mixing,extraction,separation,concentration,drying and sterilization are unique for the production of Chinese patent medicine. These main features can be distinguished from the manufacturing process of chemical drugs,determining the characteristics of the production process and equipment of Chinese patent medicine. In this paper,each operation unit was mentioned to summarize and analyze the new equipment and new technologies with advantages and characteristics in recent years from the perspectives of definition,principle,classification and application. Among them,the automatic spray device of the mixer,the extraction and separation equipment of volatile oil,and the crane basket-type circulation extraction technology,composite multi-layer spiral vibration countercurrent drying,and vibration sterilization equipment all have rapid development in recent years,with great prospects in the production of Chinese patent medicines. In this paper,we also analyzed some problems existing in the production equipment and technology of Chinese patent medicine and the key factors restricting the development of Chinese patent medicine,discussed the transformation of Chinese patent medicine production from traditional to modern and from semi-automatic to intelligent,and put forward three suggestions to help Chinese patent medicine achieve the goal of improving quality,efficiency and green manufacturing in production.

Role of miR-106b-5p in the regulation of gene profiles in endothelial cells / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the role of miR-106b-5p in the regulation of gene expression in endothelial cells.@*METHODS@#The Taqman low-density microRNAs (miRNAs) array (TLDA) was used to identify miRNA expression profiles in the plasma of patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) (atherosclerosis group, n=9) and individuals without atherosclerotic CAD disease (control group, n=9). A weighed and undirected miRNA coexpression network analysis was performed to investigate the interactions among miRNAs in the two groups. MiR-106b-5p, whose coexpression pattern in atherosclerosis group was most different from that of control group, was further studied. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were transfected with miR-106b-5p mimic or negative control mimic, and Affymetrix GeneChip Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 was used to screen the differential gene expression profiles after transfection. And the signal transduction pathway of differential gene profiles was further analyzed in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway database. After parsing the whole KEGG database, all differentially expressed genes involved pathways were extracted, and the hypergeometric distribution was used to calculate the pathway enrichment.@*RESULTS@#The coexpression pattern of the patients with atherosclerosis (140 nodes, 1 154 edges) differed from that of the non-atherosclerosis control group (140 nodes, 612 edges). The analysis of array data with significant analysis of microarray (SAM) identified 746 significantly deregulated genes (fold change ≥ 1.5 and false discovery rate < 0.01) altered by overexpression of miR-106b-5p with miR-106b-5p mimic in HUVEC. By calculating the pathway enrichment, we found that multiple signaling pathways enriched in differential gene profiles were closely related to the process of formation and rupture of atherosclerotic plaque, including phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (PKB, also called Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), janus kinase / signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak-STAT), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), toll like receptor (TLR) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and other signal pathways.@*CONCLUSION@#The coexpression pattern of miRNAs in plasma of patients with atherosclerosis is more significantly changed than that of individuals without atherosclerotic disease. MiR-106b-5p, which shows the most significant difference between groups, targets multiple signal pathways in vascular endothelial cells, and might play an important role in the regulatory network of atherosclerotic gene expression.

Construction of nomogram map of survival risk of osteosarcoma patients based on SEER database / 中国医师杂志

Objective To construct a prognostic nomogram to predict 3-year and 5-year survival in patients with osteosarcoma.Methods A total of 1 671 patients with osteosarcoma diagnosed between 1988 and 2011 were collected from the National Cancer Institute program (SEER) database.They were randomly divided into nomogram model group (n =836) and verification group (n =835).Univariate and multivariate Cox were used to determine the independent prognostic factors in the model group,and then these factors were incorporated into the chart to predict the 3-year and 5-year survival rates of osteosarcoma patients.The consistency index (C-index) and calibration curve were used to verify the internal and external validation of the contour map and check its prediction accuracy.Results The age,tumor location,tumor size,pathological grade,distant metastasis and surgical procedure were the independent prognostic factors of osteosarcoma patients (P＜0.05).These factors were included in the chart and successfully constructed.The C index obtained by internal validation of the chart was 0.746 (95％ CI:0.719-0.773) and 0.709 (95％ CI:0.682-0.735) by external validation using the validation group.At the same time,the calibration curves of the two groups were consistent.Conclusions The nomogram map of the risk of osteosarcoma patients in this study has good predictive accuracy and helps orthopedics to evaluate the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma more accurately.It will be beneficial to individualized diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma patients.

Short-term outcome of complex coronary lesions treated by excimer laser coronary atherectomy / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of excimer laser coronary atherectomy used in complex lesions, including in-stent restenosis, non-crossable or nonexpandable lesions, heavily calcified lesions without successful wire-exchange and saphenous vein grafts lesions. Methods From Jul 24, 2017 to Aug 24, 2018, 22 cases with 24 lesions were treated with excimer laser coronary atherectomy in Peking University People's Hospital, combined with or without IVUS/OCT, rotational atherectomy or other percutaneous coronary intervention instrument, and with or without stent implantation. Results The procedural success rate was 23/24. There was no complications in all cases. Drug-eluting stents were implanted in 19/24 of lesions. There were no major advent cardiovascular events, including death, acute ST-segment-elevation myocardia and pericardial tamponade recorded. Conclusions Excimer laser coronary atherectomy used in complex lesions is feasible, safe and efficient with satisfactory in-hospital short-term outcome.

Effect of Endothelial Microparticles Induced by Hypoxia on Migration and Angiogenesis of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Delivering MicroRNA-19b / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Microparticles (MPs) are small extracellular plasma membrane particles shed by activated and apoptotic cells, which are involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Our previous study found that microRNA (miR)-19b encapsulated within endothelial MPs (EMPs) may contribute to the upregulation of circulating miR-19b in unstable angina patients. Hypoxia is involved in atherosclerosis as a critical pathological stimulus. However, it still remains unclear whether the increase of miR-19b levels in EMPs is related to hypoxia and if the effect of miR-19b - wrapped within EMPs - stimulates hypoxia on vascular endothelial cells. This study aimed to explore the changes of miR-19b in EMPs induced by hypoxia as well as their effects on endothelial cells.@*Methods@#Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in vitro and arranged to harvest EMPs in two parts: the first part consisted of EMP and EMP and the second part included EMP, EMP, and EMP. Cell migration was detected by scratch migration and transwell chamber migration. Angiogenesis was assessed by tube formation assays. Furthermore, we predicted the target gene of miR-19b by bioinformatics analysis, and luciferase assay was used to verify the targeted gene of miR-19b. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Student's t-test was used when two groups were compared.@*Results@#Compared with EMP- and EMP-inhibited migration of cells by scratch migration assay (80.77 ± 1.10 vs. 28.37 ± 1.40, P < 0. 001) and transwell chamber migration assay (83.00 ± 3.46 vs. 235.00 ± 16.52, P < 0.01), the number of tube formations was markedly reduced by 70% in the EMP group (P < 0.001) in vitro analysis of HUVECs. Meanwhile, a strong inhibition of migration and tube formation of HUVECs in the presence of miR-19b-enriched EMP was observed. This effect might be due to the delivery of miR-19b in EMPs. Transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2) was predicted to be one of the target genes of miR-19b, and we further confirmed that TGFβ2 was a direct target gene of miR-19b using the luciferase assay. The expression of TGFβ2 in HUVECs was inhibited by treatment with EMP and EMP.@*Conclusions@#MiR-19b in EMPs induced by hypoxia could reduce endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis by downregulating TGFβ2 expression, which may have inhibited the progression of atherosclerosis.

MiR-106b-5p Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-induced Apoptosis by Targeting Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome 10 in Vascular Endothelial Cells / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Apoptosis of endothelial cells (ECs) plays a key role in the development of atherosclerosis and there are also evidence indicated that phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a viable target in therapeutic approaches to prevent vascular ECs apoptosis. Aberrant miR-106b-5p expression has been reported in the plasma of patients with unstable atherosclerotic plaques. However, the role and underlying mechanism of miR-106-5p in the genesis of atherosclerosis have not been addressed. In this study, we explored the anti-apoptotic role of miR-106-5p by regulating PTEN expression in vascular ECs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression levels of miR-106b-5p in human atherosclerotic plaques and normal vascular tissues. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were transfected with miR-106b-5p mimic or negative control mimic, and apoptosis was induced by serum starvation and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) treat. Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR experiments were used to detect PTEN expression levels and TNF-α-induced apoptosis was evaluated by the activation of caspase-3 and cell DNA fragmentation levels in HUVEC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of miR-106b-5p was significantly downregulated in plaques than in normal vascular tissues. TNF-α significantly downregulated miR-106b-5p expression levels and upregulated activation of caspase-3 and cell DNA fragmentation levels in HUVEC. Overexpression of miR-106b-5p with miR-106b-5p mimic inhibited PTEN expression and TNF-α-induced apoptosis in HUVEC. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-106b-5p binds to PTEN mRNA 3' untranslated region site.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MiR-106b-5p could inhibit the expression of PTEN in vascular ECs, which could block TNF-α-induced activation of caspase-3, thus prevent ECs apoptosis in atherosclerosis diseases.</p>

Effects of Rapamycin and Rapamycin-loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic)Acid Nanoparticles on Apoptosis and Expression of bcl-2 and p27(kip1) Proteins of Human Umbilical Arterial Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investgate the effects of rapamycin(RPM)and RPM-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid(PLGA)nanoparticles(NPs)on the apoptosis of human umbilical arterial vascular smooth muscle cells(HUASMCs)in vitro and expression of bcl-2 and p27(kip1) protein.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HUASMCs were cultured in vitro and divided to RPM and RPM-PLGA-NPs groups treated at 3 different concentration by 12 and 24 hours,with M231-smooth muscle growth supplements medium and null-PLGA-NPs treated groups as controlled. The apoptosis of HUASMCs was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling staining and flow cytometry. The expressions of bcl-2 and p27(kip1) were detected by streptacidin/peroxidase immunohistochemical method. The effect on cellular proliferation was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromidecolorimetry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proliferation of HUASMCs was inhibited by RPM and RPM-PLGA-NPs in a dose-dependent manner. DNA electrophoresis showed DNA ladder in RPM and RPM-PLGA-NPs groups and classical scalar strips in control groups. The apoptotic indexes of RPM 100 ng/ml group and RPM-PLGA-NPs 500 ng/ml group detected by flow cytometry were(45.45<2.36)% and(35.04<5.64)%,respectively,which were significantly higher than that of M231-smooth muscle growth supplements control group [(2.60<0.95)%,all P<0.01]. The apoptotic indexes of groups incubated with RPM and RPM-PLGA-NPs for 24 hours were significantly higher than those of groups which incubated for 12 hours(P<0.05,P<0.01). The positive expression indexes(PEI)of p27(kip1) and bcl-2 protein were higher in RPM and RPM-PLGA-NPs groups than that of control groups. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test showed that there was no significant correlation between the PEI of p27(kip1) and the apoptotic indexes in the RPM group and RPM-PLGA-NPs group(P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Rapamycin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles and rapamycin have similar effects in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis;meanwhile,they upregulate the expression of p27(kip1) protein without downregulating the expression of bcl-2 protein in HUASMCs in vitro. RPM-PLGA-NPs has more potent pro-apoptotic effect than equivalent dose of RPM but is not linearly correlated with the p27(kip1) expression level.</p>

A pilot study on the correlation of tongue manifestation with the site of cerebral infarction in patients with stroke / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the correlation of tongue manifestation with the site of cerebral infarction in patients with acute cerebral infarction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2008 to February 2009, 200 cases of hospitalized patients with first unilateral cerebral infarction were chosen in the Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital. The correlation of different tongue color, fur texture, fur color with the site of cerebral infarction was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The site of cerebral infarction in patients were compared between different tongue color by Chisquare test (P=0.314), and further correspondence analysis demonstrated that there was correlation between red tongue and cortical-subcortical infarction group. The site of cerebral infarction in patients were compared between thick fur group and thin fur group, cortical-subcortical infarction occurred more frequently in the former (P=0.0008). The site of cerebral infarction in patients were compared between dry fur group, moist fur group and smooth fur group, correspondence analysis demonstrated there was correlation between dry fur and cortical-subcortical group. The site of cerebral infarction in the patients were compared between white fur group, white-yellow fur group and yellow fur group (P=0.010), and correspondence analysis demonstrated there was correlation between white fur and brainstem infarction; white-yellow fur has relationship with cortical infarction; subcortical infarction was weakly related with white-yellow fur; there was closer relationship between yellow fur and cortical-subcortical infarction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The change of tongue manifestation was associated with the site of cerebral infarction in patients, providing a new combining site for diagnosing cerebrovascular diseases by integrative medicine.</p>

A pilot study on the relationship between tongue manifestation and the degree of neurological impairment in patients with acute cerebral infarction / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the relationship between tongue manifestation and the degree of neurological impairment in the patients with acute cerebral infarction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred patients with first unilateral cerebral infarction were recruited. The relationship between different tongue manifestation and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NIHSS scores in the patients from different tongue color groups were analyzed and further analysis demonstrated that the NIHSS score was higher in the patients with red or bluish-purple tongue than that of those with the pink (P <0.01). On tongue fur, the NIHSS score in the patients with thick fur was higher than that of those with the thin (P=0.003). NIHSS score in patients with slippery, moist or dry fur was significant different (P=0.003), Further analysis demonstrated that the NIHSS score was higher in the patients with dry fur than that of those with moist fur, and had statistical significance (P=0.01). The NIHSS score was higher in patients from greasy fur group than that of the non-greasy (P=0.002). There was significant difference of NHISS score in the patients with different fur color (P=0.000), and further analysis demonstrated that the NHISS score in white-yellow, yellow fur group were higher than that of the white (P=0.06 or 0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The changes of tongue manifestation might be associated with the degree of neurological impairment in the patients with acute cerebral infarction.</p>

Axonal loss and blood flow disturbances in the natural course of indirect traumatic optic neuropathy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is an acute injury of the optic nerve associated with severe visual dysfunction, which may be a result of secondary mechanical injury and vascular disorder of the optic nerve due to trauma. We analyzed the natural course of axonal loss and blood flow disturbances in patients with indirect TON to find a possible therapeutic window.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cohort of 54 patients with indirect TON recruited between October 2008 and October 2010 at Beijing Tongren Hospital was retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into no light perception group (NLP) and better than NLP (btNLP) group. Specifically, the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and hemodynamic parameters of the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA) and posterior ciliary artery (PCA) were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two weeks after injury, there was a statistically significant decrease in the thickness of RNFL in the btNLP group as compared with the fellow control eyes (P < 0.05). In contrast, in the NLP group, RNFL thickness slightly increased for 2 weeks following injury, then overtly reduced after 4 weeks (P < 0.05). Peak systolic velocity (PSV) of CRA was significantly decreased 4 weeks after injury (P < 0.05) in both the NLP group and btNLP group (P < 0.05). The thickness of RNFL in the NLP group was negatively correlated with PSV of CRA after 1 week of injury (P < 0.05, r = -0.962).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SD-OCT is a useful supplement in detecting the axonal loss in TON. The dynamic change of the thickness of RNFL appears to correlate with the hemodynamic disturbances in the natural course of TON. The first 2 weeks following an injury is critical and should be considered as the therapeutic window for TON patients.</p>

An individualized approach combining local flaps with radiotherapy for the treatment of auricle keloid / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate an individualized approach to the treatment of auricle keloid to maintain the normal appearance of external ear and meanwhile reduce the recurrence.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Different local flaps were performed according to the location of the keloid in our approach. The auricle was divided into different anatomical regions and all the patients received local postoperative radiotherapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 68 patients with auricle keloid received the individualized approach, 3 cases suffered delayed healing due to partial flap necrosis. The remaining patients were followed up for 8-21 months(mean:11.5 months) . Recurrence occurred in one patient(1.47%) .</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The individualized approach combining local flaps with radiotherapy in treating auricle keloid can effectively maintain the normal ear appearance with low recurrence rate.</p>

Study on the correlation of tongue manifestation with fibrinogen and neutrophil in acute cerebral infarction patients / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation of tongue manifestation with the fibrinogen level and the neutrophil count in blood of acute cerebral infarction patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 200 patients with first unilateral cerebral infarction in Neurology Department of Xuanwu Hospital from March, 2008 to February, 2009 were recruited in this study. The correlation of the tongue fur color and texture with the blood fibrinogen level and the neutrophil count was analyzed in these patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The level of fibrinogen and neutrophil count in thick fur group were significantly higher than that in thin fur group (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the level of fibrinogen and neutrophil count found between moist fur and dry fur. Statistical significance existed in the level of fibrinogen between the greasy tongue fur group and non-greasy tongue fur group (P<0.05). The level of fibrinogen and the neutrophil count were compared among different fur color groups, revealing that the level of fibrinogen in yellowish fur group was higher than that of white fur group and normal value with statistical significance (P<0.05) with neutrophil count in yellowish fur group being significantly higher than that in white fur group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results suggested that the change of tongue manifestation was associated with the level of fibrinogen and the neutrophil count in the blood of cerebral infarction patients.</p>

One-stage total en bloc spondylectomy and reconstruction via a single posterior approach for thoracic vertebral symptomatic hemangioma associated with spinal cord dysfunction / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate the surgical results of one-stage total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) and reconstruction via a single posterior approach for thoracic symptomatic vertebral hemangioma associated with spinal cord dysfunction and evaluate its curative effect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 9 patients treated with one-stage TES (7 cases) and total vertebrectomy (2 cases) by posterior approach from March 2006 to January 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The cases included 2 males and 7 females with a median age of 33.6 years (range 14 to 77 years), and with 1 case of Grade A, 3 cases of Grade B, 3 cases of Grade C, 2 cases of Grade D according to Frankel grade system. All patients suffered from moderate to severe pain and neurological deficit with an average symptom duration of 14.4 months (range 3 - 24 months) MRI revealed severe spinal cord compression. The spinal reconstruction was obtained by titanium mesh filled with autograft and posterior internal fixation with rod-screw system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operation time was 210 minutes on average (180 - 270 minutes) and the average blood loss was 1800 ml (1000 - 5000 ml). The follow-up period lasted from 18 months to 5 years. All cases with preoperative pain relieved after operation. The visual analogue scale pain scores decreased to 1.1 from 8.3 at 3 months after surgery. No disruption of dural mater, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, iatrogenic spinal cord injury and major vessel damage occurred. Up to now, there was no local recurrence in all cases. Significant neurological function improvement was achieved in all patients with one to three grades in Frankel grade system. Fusion of the autograft was well achieved and no internal fixation failure in all patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>One-stage TES and spine reconstruction by a single posterior approach is feasible, safe and effective to this disease. It is favourable in decreasing the hemangioma recurrence and improvement of the neurological function.</p>

High density lipoprotein suppresses lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 in human monocytes-derived macrophages through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ pathway / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is mainly secreted by macrophages, serving as a specific marker of atherosclerotic plaque and exerting pro-atherogenic effects. It is known that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role against atherosclerosis by inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors, however, the relationship between HDL and Lp-PLA2 remains elusive.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this study, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and a platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase assay were performed to determine the Lp-PLA2 mRNA level, protein expression and activity in human monocyte-derived macrophages upon HDL treatment of different concentrations and durations. To investigate the underlying mechanism of HDL-induced Lp-PLA2 action, pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) ligand, was introduced to human monocyte-derived macrophages and mRNA and protein levels of Lp-PLA2, as well as its activity, were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Lp-PLA2 mRNA levels, protein expression and activity were significantly inhibited in response to HDL treatment in a dose and time dependent manner in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Pioglitazone treatment (1 - 10 ng/ml) upregulated the Lp-PLA2 mRNA level, protein expression and activity in human monocyte-derived macrophages, while the effects were markedly reversed by HDL. In addition, pioglitazone resulted in a significant increase in PPARγ phosphorylation in human monocyte-derived macrophages, which could be inhibited by HDL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These findings indicate that HDL suppresses the expression and activity of Lp-PLA2 in human monocyte-derived macrophages, and the underlying mechanisms may be mediated through the PPARγ pathway.</p>

Elevated plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ activity is associated with plaque rupture in patients with coronary artery disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) has recently been shown to be positively related to coronary events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, direct evidence about the relationship between circulation Lp-PLA(2) activity and vulnerable plaque in patients with CAD remains lacking.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Plasma Lp-PLA(2) activity was determined in 146 consecutive patients with CAD who underwent clinically-indicated coronary angiography and preinterventional intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eighty-three patients were included in the final analysis after the initial screening. Sixty (72.3%) were acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and 23 (27.7%) were stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients. Plaque rupture occurred in 39 (47.0%) patients, and 34 (87.2%) were from ACS patients and 5 (12.8%) from SAP patients. There were no significant differences in clinical and angiographic characteristics between patients with plaque rupture and those without plaque rupture, except for smoking, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level and Lp-PLA(2) activity (all P < 0.05). IVUS measurement uncovered that patients with plaque rupture had more frequent positive remodeling (74.4% vs. 43.2%, P = 0.004), soft plaques (64.1% vs. 36.4%, P = 0.012) and higher remodeling index (1.13 ± 0.16 vs. 0.99 ± 0.11, P = 0.041) as compared with those without plaque rupture. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that plasma Lp-PLA(2) activity was independently associated with plaque rupture after adjusting for smoking, positive remodeling and soft plaque (Model 1: odds ratio (OR) 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06 - 1.20) or adjusting for smoking, hs-CRP level, positive remodeling and soft plaque (Model 2: OR 1.11, 95%CI: 1.04 - 1.19).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Plasma Lp-PLA(2) activity is associated with plaque rupture in patients with CAD, independently of traditional CAD risk factors, hs-CRP level and IVUS parameters. Lp-PLA(2) may be a risk marker for vulnerable plaques.</p>

Effects of rapamycin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles on distribution of cell cycle, expression of p27 protein, and proliferation of human umbilical arterial vascular smooth muscle cell in vitro / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of rapamycin (RPM)-loaded poly (lactic-co- glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) on the proliferation, distribution of cell cycle, and expression of p27 protein in human umbilical arterial vascular smooth muscle cell (HUASMC) in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The primarily culture model of HUASMC was successfully established by explant-attached method in vitro. The cells were administrated with different doses of RPM, and RPM-PLGA NPs were observed as treat groups compared with PLGA NPs and M231-SMGs medium cultured group. The effect of RPM-PLGA NPs on proliferation of HUASMC was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetry method. The influences of RPM-PLGA NPs on the cell cycle and cellular growth kinetics of HUASMCs were tested by flow cytometry. The effect of RPM-PLGA NPs on the expression of p27 protein of HUASMCs was assessed through an immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the proliferation of HUASMCs was inhibited by 50 microg/L and higher concentration of RPM-PLGA NPs in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The numbers of cells entering cell cycle of S/G2/M phases were significantly lower in RPM-PLGA NPs and RPM treated groups. Histologically, the expression of p27 were up-regulated in 500 microg/L RPM-PLGA NPs and 100 microg/L RPM treated group (all P < 0.01 ) when compared with the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>RPM-PLGA NPs has a similar effects as RPM in inhibiting the growth of in vitro cultured HUASMC. It can remarkably suppress the expression of in vitro cultured HUASMC p27 protein, arrest its cell cycle at G1/S phase, and inhibit its proliferation.</p>