Efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide in premature infants with hypoxic respiratory failure / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the safety and efficacy of low-concentration inhaled nitric oxide (NO) in the treatment of hypoxic respiratory failure (HRF) among premature infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty premature infants (gestational age ≤ 34 weeks) with HRF were randomized into NO and control groups between 2012 and 2013, with 30 cases in each group. Both groups received nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) or mechanical ventilation. NO inhalation was continued for at least 7 days or until weaning in the NO group. The general conditions, blood gas results, complications, and clinical outcomes of the two groups were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The NO group showed significantly more improvement in blood gas results than the control group after 12 hours of treatment (P<0.05). After that, the change in oxygenation status over time showed no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in total time of assisted ventilation and duration of oxygen therapy between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, and pneumothorax in infants showed no significant differences between the NO and control groups (P>0.05), but the incidence of IVH and mortality were significantly lower in the NO group than in the control group (7% vs 17%, P<0.05; 3% vs 13%, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>NO inhalation may improve oxygenation status and reduce the mortality in premature infants with HRF, but it cannot reduce the incidence of BPD and the total time of mechanical ventilation or nCPAP and duration of oxygen therapy. NO therapy may have a brain-protective effect for premature infants with HRF and does not increase clinical complications.</p>

Cellular and humoral immunity in preterm infants of different gestational ages / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristics of immune function in newborn infants of different gestational ages.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 115 premature infants free of infection between June 1, 2012 and June 1, 2013 were divided into two groups according to their gestational age at birth: early preterm infant group (28-33+6 weeks, n=57) and late preterm infant group (34-36+6 weeks, n=58). Meanwhile, 88 full-term infants (37-41+6 week) were recruited to the control group. Venous blood samples were collected within 24 hours after birth. The percentages of lymphocyte subsets, such as CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells were measured by flow cytometry, and the absolute count of each population was calculated using the results from routine blood work. Concentrations of serum IgG, IgA, and IgM were measured by immunoturbidimetry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both preterm infant groups had significantly higher percentages of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (P<0.05) and significantly lower percentages of CD8+ and CD19+ T cells and NK cells (P<0.05), as compared with the full-term infant group. The absolute counts of total lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ T cells, and NK cells in both preterm infant groups were significantly lower than those in the full-term infant group (P<0.05), and the above parameters in the late preterm infant group were significantly higher than those in the early preterm infant group (P<0.05). Both preterm infant groups showed significantly lower concentrations of serum IgG than the full-term infant group (P<0.05), while no significant differences in concentrations of serum IgA and IgM were observed between the three groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Neonatal gestational age has an effect on cellular and humoral immunity. The immune function gradually improves with increasing gestational age.</p>

Expression of Bcl-2 and NF-κB in brain tissue after acute renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of acute renal ischemia reperfusion on brain tissue.@*METHODS@#Fourty eight rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=12): sham operation group, 30 min ischemia 60 min reperfusion group, 60 min ischemia 60 min reperfusion group, and 120 min ischemia 60 min reperfusion group. The brain tissues were taken after the experiment. TUNEL assay was used to detect the brain cell apoptosis, and western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and inflammatory factors.@*RESULTS@#Renal ischemia-reperfusion induced apoptosis of brain tissues, and the apoptosis increased with prolongation of ischemia time. The detection at the molecular level showed decreased Bcl-2 expression, increased Bax expression, upregulated expression of NF-κB and its downstream factor COX-2/PGE2.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Acute renal ischemia-reperfusion can cause brain tissue damage, manifested as induced brain tissues apoptosis and inflammation activation.

Sequence analysis of cisAB06, an ABO blood subtype / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate serological and genetic characteristics for an individual with cisAB06, an ABO blood subtype.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Antigens on red blood cells from the ABO blood group discordant individual were validated by monoclonal antibodies. The ABO antibodies in serum were validated by standard A, B, O cells. ABO genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP). Exons 6-7 of A/B genes were amplified with specific PCR, and the products were directly sequenced.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both A and B antigens were detected on red blood cells from the proband. There was also anti-A antibody in the serum. The result of PCR-SSP has suggested a B/O02 phenotype. Direct sequencing revealed that the gene was cisAB06. Compared with B101 allele, the cisAB06 allele featured a single nucleotide change (G>C) at position 526 which resulted in an amino acid substitution (G176R).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>G>C at nt526 of B allele can produce a cisAB06 allele. The serological phenotype of the specimen is therefore type AB.</p>

Identification and sequence analysis of a novel human leukocyte antigen allele B*54:09 / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify a novel human leukocyte antigen(HLA) allele in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HLA typing was carried out with polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP). The HLA-B exons 1-7 of the proband were amplified and the product was cloned using a TOPO TA cloning sequencing kit to separate the two alleles. Both strands of exons 2 and 3 of selected colonies were sequenced. Sequence-based typing (SBT) was used to identify and analyze the difference between the new allele and the closest matching HLA-B allele.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HLA typing indicated a SSOP pattern which did not match with known HLA-B alleles. The results of the sequencing suggested the HLA-B alleles of the proband as B*59:01 and a novel allele. The HLA-B exon 3 sequence of the novel allele was different from any known alleles. This allele differs from the closest matching B*54:06 allele by 6 nucleotides, which included nt486 (G to C), nt527 (A to T), nt538 (T to C), nt539 (G to T), nt559 (C to A) and nt560 (T to C) in exon 3, resulting in substitutions of three amino acids including Glu to Val at codon 152, Trp to Leu at codon 156 and Leu to Thr at codon 163.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A novel HLA-B allele has been identified and has been designated as HLA-B*54:09 by WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System.</p>

A new human leukocyte antigen class I allele, HLA- B*52:11 / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify and confirm a novel HLA allele.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A new human leukocyte antigen class I allele was found during routine HLA genotyping by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) and sequencing-based typing (SBT).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The novel HLA-B*52 allele was identical to B*52:01:01 with an exception of one base substitution at position 583 of exon 3 where a C was changed to T resulting in codon 195 changed from CAC(H) to TAC(Y).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A new HLA class I allele, B*52:11, is identified, and is named officially by the WHO Nomenclature Committee.</p>

Amplitude integrated electroencephalography characteristics of normal preterm newborns: a multicenter clinical study / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the characteristics of amplitude integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) in preterm infants and changes of maturation with gestational age.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>aEEG monitoring was done within 3 days of age with domestically produced digital aEEG set (CFM3000). Duration of each recording was at least 4 hours. The continuity, sleep-wake cycle, voltage and bandwidth of all aEEG tracing were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percent of continuity background increased from 30% of 28 weeks to 85.7% of 36 weeks (χ(2) = 28.2, P = 0.026); the percent of mature sleep-wake cycle increased from 10% of 28 weeks to 100% of 36 weeks (χ(2) = 192.4, P < 0.01). Low bound voltage increased with gestational age, from (6.8 ± 1.7) µV (28 w) to 9.7 - 10.1 µV (35 - 36 w) (F = 11.4, P < 0.01). Bandwidth of the narrow band decreases gradually with gestational age, from 1.45 cm (28 w) to (0.86 ± 0.24) cm (36 w) (F = 8.731, P < 0.01). The correlation coefficient for continuity, sleep-wake cycle, low bound voltage and bandwidth of narrow band, and total scores were 0.32, 0.81, 0.38, 0.55 and 0.78 respectively (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The older the gestational age of infants at birth, the more mature the aEEG pattern, manifested as increased continuity and sleep-wake cycle, the higher low bound voltage and more narrowed bandwidth with increased gestational age.</p>

Identification of a novel allele human leukocyte antigen B*4609 / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify a novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HLA typing was carried out with PCR-SSOP. Molecular cloning and DNA sequencing were used to identify the sequence of a potential novel allele and the difference between this new allele and other known alleles was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HLA genotyping of one sample gave different results. The sequencing results showed that the HLA B alleles of the proband were B*151101 and a novel allele. The nucleotide sequence of the novel allele was different from all other known B alleles. It had one nucleotide change from the closest matching allele B*460101 at nucleotide 527 (A to T) in exon 3, resulting in an amino acid change from E (GAG) to V (GTG) at codon 176.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A novel HLA B allele was identified and officially designated as HLA B*4609 by WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System in November, 2006.</p>

Identification of a novel HLA allele B 4446 by sequencing-based typing / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify a novel HLA allele in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A new HLA-B allele was initially detected by an usual PCR-SSP and PCR-SSOP in routine typing HLA allele. Sequence-based typing (SBT) was used to identify and analysis the difference between the new allele and HLA-B 4409 allele.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The HLA-B exon 3 nucleotide sequence of the novel allele was different from all other known alleles. The allele had 3 nucleotides replaced of the closest matching B 4409 allele at nt538(G>C), nt539(A>T) and nt540 (C>G) in exon 3, resulting in an amino acid change from D(GAC) to L(CTG) at codon 180.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A novel HLA allele was confirmed by the SBT and it was officially designated as HLA-B 4446 by WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System in September,2005.</p>

Clinical significance of C-reactive protein concentration in the expressed prostatic secretion from chronic prostatitis patients / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To discuss the correlation of C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration in the EPS of chronic prostatitis (CP) patients with CP types, WBC count in EPS, lecithin corpuscles (LLZXT) and chronic prostatitis symptom index (CPSI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the NIH classification standard, 196 cases of CP were diagnosed by the pro and post massage test (PPMT) and EPS routine, of which 68 were chronic bacterial prostatitis (Type II ), 76 inflammatory chronic non-bacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (Type III A) and 52 non-inflammatory chronic non-bacterial prostatitis/chronic pain syndrome (Type III B). Another 50 healthy volunteers were enrolled as normal controls. The CRP concentration in the EPS of all the patients was determined by immunoturbidimetry and 196 groups of data were obtained.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average concentration of CRP was significantly higher in the CP group ( [2.945 +/- 1.996] mg/L) than in the control ( [1.101 +/- 0.440] mg/L) (P < 0. 01) , and it decreased progressively from the Type II to Type III A and Type III B group, with statistical difference between Type III B and Type II or Type III A (P < 0. 01 ), but not between Type II and Type III A (P = 0.058). The CRP concentration was correlated negatively with LLZXT (r = -0.33, P < 0.01) and positively with WBC count (r = 0.63, P < 0.01) and the score on the first 6 items of CPSI (r = 0. 28, P < 0. 01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The CRP concentration in EPS, with its significant role in the pathogenesis of CP, may serve as a basis for the diagnosis and classification of CP as well as an objective index for assessing the therapeutic effect on the disease.</p>

Safety and efficacy of intracoronary transplantation of G-CSF mobilized autologous peripheral blood stem cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the safety and efficacy of intracoronary transplantation of G-CSF mobilized autologous peripheral blood stem cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients with AMI were randomly assigned to receive intracoronary PBSCs transplantation following bone marrow cells mobilization by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (300-600 microg/day subcutaneously for 5 days) in addition to standard therapy (standard drug therapy and PCI, PBSCs transplantation group, n = 35) or standard therapy (standard drug therapy and PCI, n = 35). One day after G-CSF treatment was finished the patient's mononuclear cells were harvested by Baxter CS 3000 blood cell separator in a volume of 57 ml and then transferred into the infarct related artery by occluding the over the wire balloon and infusing artery through balloon center lumen. Complications during intervention and left ventricular function at baseline and 6 months thereafter were monitored.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No severe side effects of G-CSF treatment could be observed. Malignant arrhythmias were not observed either. Left ventricular function was significantly improved 6 months after G-CSF mobilized autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation compared to baseline (global left ventricular function ejection fraction: 57.1 +/- 7.8 vs. 50.0 +/- 8.2%, P < 0.0001; WMSI: 1.101 +/- 0.118 vs. 1.219 +/- 0.190, P < 0.0001; left end-systolic volume: 52.6 +/- 20.3 vs. 63.8 +/- 23.9 ml, P = 0.01 and left end-diastolic volume: 119.2 +/- 30.3 vs. 134.2 +/- 36.7 ml, P = 0.07) while these parameters remained unchanged in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The present study demonstrates that G-CSF mobilized autologous intracoronary PBSCs transplantation is a safe and feasible treatment for patients with AMI and global left ventricular function is improved and left ventricular remodeling attenuated at six-month follow-up.</p>

Epidemiologic surveillance for bacterial meningitis in 140 000 children under 5 years of age in Nanning district, Guangxi province / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To characterize the incidence, epidemiologic features, etiologic agents and sequelae of bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years of age in Nanning, Guangxi.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A population-based surveillance was conducted to evaluate children with signs and symptoms of meningitis. All hospitals, township health centers and village clinics in the surveillance area were structured to participate in the case referral and evaluation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood specimens were obtained and processed using standardized microbiologic methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the 26-month surveillance period, among the children under 5 years old, a total of 1272 cases who met the screening criteria of meningitis were studied. 265 of 1272 cases were identified as clinically diagnosed meningitis, with an incidence rate of 86.36 per 100 000 population. The annual incidence rate under the 38 cases of confirmed bacterial meningitis appeared to be 12.38/100 000. Staphylococcus species accounted for the largest proportion of laboratory-confirmed bacterial meningitis, followed by E. coli and S. pneumoniae. The highest attack rate occurred in neonates < 1 month, followed by children aged 1 - 12 months in the confirmed patients. Meningitis caused by Sp and Hi mainly occurred in children aged 1 - 12 months. All cases of meningitis due to Hi and Sp were children aged 1 - 24 months. 13.16% and 0.00% of the cases survived with complications and sequelae, and the case-fatality rate was 18.42%. 40 bacterial isolates were identified from 1193 blood cultures and 23 from 1211 cerebrospinal fluid samples, but no Neisseria meningitidis was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Meningitis due to Hi was first confirmed in Guangxi with the incidence of 0.98 per 100 000 population. The annual incidence rate of confirmed bacterial meningitis was 12.38 per 100 000, which was considered an important public health problem in children. Staphylococci was the predominant pathogen in confirmed bacterial meningitis.</p>

Study on the injurious effect of a self designed micro-skin machine on the epithelia / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the injury on micro-skin induced by a self designed micro-skin machine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Micro-skin was produced either with the machine or by hand. Cells at the edge of micro-skin were observed by transmission electron microscope. succinic dehydrogenase activity in supernatant of cultivated cells was analyzed, and the cell proliferation of micro-skin was assessed by (3)H-TdR. Twenty patients were enrolled in the study for the observation of the wound healing time between the two groups of micro-skin after being grafted.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Transmission electron microscope examination revealed that the cellular injury at the edge of the micro-skin in machine-made group was mild compared with that in man-made group. (3)H-TdR rate was elevated but the activity of succinic dehydrogenase in the supernatant of cultured cells decreased in supernatant of cultured cells of machine produced micro-skin. Wound healing time was shortened in machine made group. (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cellular injury at the edge of micro-skin in the machine made group was mild when compared with that in the man-made group with cell proliferation accelerated and wound healing time shortened.</p>