ABSTRACT
Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by erosive and symmetric synovitis.Chronic inflammation of RA increases the incidence of cardiovascular disease.Atherosclerosis caused by inflammation in blood vessels is the main complication of RA patients. Many inflammatory immune cells, inflammatory factors, and adipokines were involved in chronic inflammation in vascular. In patients with RA, high levels of inflammatory factors, such as C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, accelerated atherosclerosis and myocardial fibrosis. Some adipokines, including adiponectin,leptin and resistin, are also important factors causing cardiovascular diseases in patients with RA.In this paper, they review the research advances of inflammatory factors and adipokines involved in RA associated with cardiovascular disease.
ABSTRACT
Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by erosive and symmetric synovitis.Chronic inflammation of RA increases the incidence of cardiovascular disease.Atherosclerosis caused by inflammation in blood vessels is the main complication of RA patients. Many inflammatory immune cells, inflammatory factors, and adipokines were involved in chronic inflammation in vascular. In patients with RA, high levels of inflammatory factors, such as C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, accelerated atherosclerosis and myocardial fibrosis. Some adipokines, including adiponectin,leptin and resistin, are also important factors causing cardiovascular diseases in patients with RA.In this paper, they review the research advances of inflammatory factors and adipokines involved in RA associated with cardiovascular disease.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to fabricate decelluarized valve scaffold modified with polyethylene glycol nanoparticles loaded with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), by which to improve the extracellular matrix microenvironment for heart valve tissue engineering in vitro. Polyethylene glycol nanoparticles were obtained by an emulsion-crosslinking method, and their morphology was observed under a scanning electron microscope. Decelluarized valve scaffolds, prepared by using trypsinase and TritonX-100, were modified with nanoparticles by carbodiimide, and then TGF-β1 was loaded into them by adsorption. The TGF-β1 delivery of the fabricated scaffold was measured by asing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Whether unseeded or reseeded with myofibroblast from rats, the morphologic, biochemical and biomechanical characteristics of hybrid scaffolds were tested and compared with decelluarized scaffolds under the same conditions. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed a typical delivery of nanoparticles. The morphologic observations and biological data analysis indicated that fabricated scaffolds possessed advantageous biocompatibility and biomechanical property beyond decelluarized scaffolds. Altogether this study proved that it was feasible to fabricate the hybrid scaffold and effective to improve extracellular matrix microenvironment, which is beneficial for an application in heart valve tissue engineering.