Pathological Change of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Different Tongue Coatings by Circular Multi-Omics Integrated Analysis / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the circular pathological changes of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients according to the tongue diagnosis.@*METHODS@#Totally 41 CHB patients with typical white tongue coating (WTC) or yellow tongue coating (YTC) were enrolled and 14 healthy volunteers with normal tongue manifestation served as controls. The mRNA expression of peripheral leukocytes was detected by GeneChips, and 9 genes were randomly selected for expression validation. Circular metabolites were detected by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Biological information was analyzed based on ingenuity pathways analysis or metabolomics database and the integrated networks were constructed by ClueGO.@*RESULTS@#A total of 945 and 716 differentially expressed genes were found in patients with WTC and YTC relative to healthy volunteers respectively. The biological information analysis indicated that CHB patients had obviously increased functions in cell death, apoptosis and necrosis (Z-score ⩾2, P<0.05) and decreased activation in T lymphocytes (Z-score ⩽-2, P<0.05), regardless of the tongue manifestation. Compared to patients with WTC, the YTC patients were predicted to be more active in functions related to virus replication (Z-score ⩾2, P<0.05), and the content of circular fatty acids, such as oleic acid (P=0.098) and lauric acid (P=0.035), and citric acid cycle-related metabolites were higher in the YTC patients (P<0.1). The integrated analysis based on differential genes and metabolites indicated that the most difference in the biological function network between the WTC and YTC patients was tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 mediated-nuclear factor kappa-B activation process.@*CONCLUSIONS@#CHB patients with YTC had more severe inflammation and fatty acids metabolism aberrant than patients with WTC. The results facilitate the modern pathological annotation of Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis theory and provide a reference for the interpretation of pharmacological mechanisms of Chinese medicine treatment.

Clinical Value of 1.5-T Non-contrast Whole-heart Magnetic Resonance Coronary Angiography in Evaluating the Severity of Coronary Stenosis / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic performance of 1.5-T non-contrast free-breathing whole-heart magnetic resonance coronary angiography(MRCA)for≥50% and≥70% coronary artery stenosis in coronary artery disease(CAD).Methods Forty-one patients clinically scheduled for invasive coronary angiography(ICA)underwent 1.5-T non-contrast free-breathing whole-heart MRCA.The diagnostic performance for≥50% and≥70% stenosis was evaluated and compared using ICA as a reference standard.Results MRCA was completed in all the 41 patients with the total acquisition time of(10.1 ± 2.2)min.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of MRCA for≥50% and≥70% stenosis were 100%(95%

Quality consistency evaluation and intelligent visualization of performance parameters of carboxymethylcellulose sodium / 药学学报

In this study, physical fingerprint and multivariate statistical analysis was applied to characterize the quality consistency of different sources of carboxymethylcellulose sodium, and the visualization of R language was used to explore the intrinsic correlation on its performances, and we drew contour maps between independent variables and flowability of powder to find the design space. Through the physical fingerprint and multivariate statistical analysis, it was found that there were differences in the powder properties of carboxymethylcellulose sodium from different sources, and its moisture content, bulk density and tapped density have a great influence on the fluidity. The fillibility was positively correlated with flowability, both negatively correlated with compressibility by R intelligent visualization analysis, which was statistically significant (P < 0.01). When the angle of repose is 30° - 40°, the appropriate design space was found as 5.092 2% < moisture content < 7.006 7%, 0.560 2 g·cm-3 < bulk density < 0.579 9 g·cm-3, and 0.646 3 g·cm-3 < tapped density < 0.816 5 g·cm-3. The results show that it is scientific and feasible to evaluate the quality consistency of pharmaceutical excipients by using the physical fingerprint, multivariate statistical analysis and visualization methods, which provides new ideas for the production and quality evaluation of excipients and the development of generic prescriptions.

Effect of Morinda officinalis capsule on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats / 中国天然药物

AIM@#To explore the therapeutic effects of Morinda officinalis capsules (MOP) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.@*METHODS@#Six-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were induced for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) by bilateral ovariectomy and divided into seven groups as follows: sham-operated group, ovariectomized (OVX) control group, OVX treated with xianlinggubao (XLGB) (270 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹), OVX treated with alendronate sodium (ALN) (3 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹), and OVX treated with Morinda officinalis capsule (MOP) of graded doses (90, 270 and 810 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) groups. Oral treatments were administered daily on the 4(th) week after ovariectomy and lasted for 12 weeks. The bone mineral density was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and osteocalcin (OC) levels in the serum and plasma were determined by standard colorimetric and enzyme immunoassays methods. Bone biomechanical properties and morphological parameters were analyzed by three-point bending test and histomorphometry respectively.@*RESULTS@#Morinda officinalis capsules at all doses were able to significantly prevent the OVX-induced loss of bone mass due to diminishing serum AKP and TRAP levels while elevating OC level in the plasma. Morinda officinalis capsules also enhanced the bone strength and prevented the deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture.@*CONCLUSION@#Morinda officinalis capsules possess potent anti-osteoporotic activity in OVX rats which could be an effective treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Effect of zige lyophilized powder for injection in improving acute cerebral microcirculation disturbance in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Zige lyophilized powder for injection in improving the acute cerebral microcirculation disturbance in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Window craniotomy was performed for rats after the drug administration for 14 days. The experimental microcirculation disturbance model was duplicated with high molecule dextran. After the drug administration, the micro-vein diameters of cerebral pla mater of various groups were observed and recorded under the biological microscope. The blood flow volume was monitored by laser Doppler flow-meter. HCT was measured by the electric resistance method. The hemorheological indexes were detected by the auto-hemorheological instrument.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Zige lyophilized powder for injection (16.40, 32.70, 65.40 mg x kg(-1)) could significantly expand the micro-vein diameter of cerebral pla mater, improve the downward trend of the blood flow volume, and reduce the various hemorheological indexes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Zige lyophilized powder for injection shows the effect in improving the cerebral microcirculation.</p>

Coronary computed tomographic angiography using low-dose prospectively electrocardiographic triggered high-pitch spiral acquisition by dual-source computed tomography: image quality and radiation dose / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate image quality (IQ) and radiation exposure of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) with prospectively electrocardiographic (ECG) triggered high-pitch spiral acquisition using dual source CT.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 75 consecutive patients with a stable heart rate (HR) ≤65 bpm underwent coronary CTA. patients were divided into two groups according to their HR (group A HR≤60 bpm, group B HR >60 bpm to≤65 bpm) . A dual-source CT scanner was used (0.6mm collimation, 0.28s rotation time, 80~100 kV, 370 mAs/rot) . Data acquisition was prospectively ECG-triggered at 60% of the R-R interval with a pitch of 3.4. Images were reconstructed with 75ms temporal resolution, 0.75mm slice thickness and 0.5mm increment. IQ was evaluated using a four-point scale (1=excellent, 4=unevaluable) .</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean HR and scan time of all patients was (57.2 ± 4.8) bpm and (0.42 ± 0.02) s. Of 1103 coronary artery segments, 934 (84.7%) had an IQ score of 1, 135 (12.2%) score of 2, 18 (1.6%) score of 3,and 16 (1.5%) were rated as unevaluable. There was no significant difference between the two groups in IQ [mean score (1.19 ± 0.52 vs. 1.22 ± 0.55;Z=-1.107,P=0.268) . The rate of evaluable segments showed no significant difference between the two groups (98.5% vs. 98.6%;X2=0.000,P=1.000) . Mean dose-length product of all patients was (67.2 ± 30.4) mGy × cm, mean effective dose was (0.94 ± 0.43) mSv.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In patients with a stable HR of 65 bpm or less, prospectively ECG-triggered high-pitch spiral CT acquisition provides high IQ at low radiation dose.</p>

Assessment of coronary stents by 64-slice computed tomography: in-stent lumen visibility and patency / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess lumen visibility of coronary stents by 64-slice computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography, and determine the value of 64-slice CT in non-invasive detecting of in-stent restenosis after coronary artery stent implantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally, 60 patients (54 males, aged 57.0+/-12.7 years) and 105 stents were investigated by 64-slice CT at a mean interval of 20.0+/-16.6 months after coronary stents implantation. Axial multi-planar reconstruction images of the stents and curved-planar reconstruction images through the median of the stents were reconstructed for evaluating stent image quality on a 5-point scale (1=excellent, 5=non-assessable), and stent lumen diameter was detected. Conventional coronary angiography was performed in 18 patients, and 32 stents were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Image quality was good to excellent on average (score 1.71+/-0.76). Stent image quality score was correlated to heart rate (r=0.281, P<0.01) and stent diameter (r=-0.480, P<0.001). All the stents were assessable in lumen visibility with an average visible lumen diameter percentage of 60.7%+/-13.6%. Visible lumen diameter percentage was correlated to heart rate (r=-0.193, P<0.05), stent diameter (r=0.403, P<0.001), and stent image quality score (r=-0.500, P<0.001). Visible lumen diameter percentage also varied depending on the stent type. In comparison with the conventional coronary angiography, 4 of 6 in-stent stenoses were correctly detected. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of in-stent stenosis were 66.7% and 84.6%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Using a 64-slice CT, the stent lumen is partly visible in most of the stents. And 64-slice CT may be useful in the assessment of stent patency.</p>

Radiological features of dual-energy CT lung perfusion imaging in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: comparison with CT pulmonary angiography / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship of the perfusion defects in the dual-energy CT lung perfusion image and the filling defects in the CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 22 patients with acute pulmonary embolism were retrospectively analyzed. All of them underwent contrast CT scan in two phases using dual-energy CT: the first is pulmonary artery phase, and the second was performed immediately after the first phase using dual-energy scan covered the whole lung. Perfusion defects in the lung perfusion images were compared with the filling defects in the CTPA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Complete filling defects of segmental and subsegmental pulmonary arteries mostly showed correspondence perfusion defects in the CT perfusion map, accounting for 83% and 62% respectively. However, when there were partial or central filling defects, most of them were partial perfusion defects or normal in the CT perfusion map. Three segmental perfusion defects were depicted without the visualization of endoluminal thrombi within the corresponding arteries.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The perfusion defects in the CT lung perfusion image are not completely corresponding to the filling defects in the CTPA. The combination of CTPA and CT lung perfusion map will offer more information for the acute pulmonary embolism.</p>

Spectrum of functioning islet cell tumor on multislice computed tomography: experience on 70 patients / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review experience in preoperative detection of islet cell tumors using multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and summarize various imaging features of functioning islet cell tumors on enhanced MSCT.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy patients with clinical or pathological diagnosis of functioning pancreatic islet cell tumor between October 2003 and February 2007 were included in this retrospective study. Seventy-four enhanced MSCT scans in these patients were identified. All MSCT scans were interpreted by two experienced radiologists by consensus interpretation. Surgery and pathology reports were used to confirm the diagnosis, localization, and size of tumors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally, 73 functioning islet cell tumors including 65 benign insulinomas, 2 benign glucagonomas, 3 malignant insulinomas, and 3 malignant glucagonomas were pathologically diagnosed. Tumors in only two cases were not found by MSCT. In 67 benign lesions, 32 showed typical enhancement style, 21 showed prolonged enhancement in portal venous phase, 4 showed delayed enhancement, 4 had iso-dense enhancement with normal pancreatic parenchyma, 2 had no enhancement at all in arterial phase and portal venous phase, and 4 had inhomogeneous enhancement with necrosis or cyst-formation. Patchy or spotty calcifications were found in 3 of the 67 tumors. In 6 malignant islet cell tumors, vessel invasion (2/6) and bowel invasion (1/6) were seen. Different enhancement patterns were shown. All hepatic metastases showed hyper-enhancement during their arterial phase.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pancreatic islet cell tumor may display a wide spectrum of presentations in MSCT. Tumors with unusual appearances often present as diagnostic challenges. Non-contrast and post-contrast multiphase scans are recommended for the localization of functioning islet cell tumors.</p>

Analysis of the volatile components of YL2000 decoction by GC-MS / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the volatile components of YL2000 decoction, which contain four herbs: rhizome and root of the Notopterygium incisum, the root of the Angelica pubescens f. biserrata, Scutellaria baicalensis and Coptis chinensis and investigate the changes of volatile constituents from those four herbs before and after compatibility of the herbal medicines.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The volatile components of YL2000 decoction were extracted by water-steam distillation, separated and identified by GC-MS. The relative percent content of each volatile component was quantified by area normalization method. The volatile components of YL2000 decoction were compared with the composition of the volatile oil from individual herb respectively.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>39 of the 146 separated constituents in volatile oil of YL2000 decoction, accounting for 85.66%, were identified and quantified. After compatibility of the herbal medicines, most volatile oil components reported by high proportion in individual herb were not detected, in the mean time, some components in volatile oil of YL2000 decoction have never been reported before in those of all four herbs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The changes of volatile oil from those four herbs before and after compatibility of the herbal medicines indicate that solubilization, chemical reactions and evaporation of some volatile components during decocting may induce changes of several components.</p>