Mechanism of Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Decoction in treating eczema by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology / 中国中药杂志

To study the molecular mechanism of Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Decoction in the treatment of eczema by means of network pharmacology and molecular docking. First, the TCMSP database was used to excavate the active ingredient of each drug in Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Decoction and predict its target, and the Uniprot database was used to standardize the names of target proteins, in order to obtain the disease targets of eczema through GeneCards, OMIM, PharmGkb, DrugBank and other databases. And next, the potential targets on which drug targets and disease targets work together were selected to make a Venn diagram, the Cytoscape 3.6.1 software was used to screen out and construct the "active ingredient-core targets" network. STRING database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network, and the R language was used to perform GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. Finally, the molecular docking verification of main active ingredients and core targets of the drug was performed by AutoDock software. The study showed that 74 active ingredients and 103 targets of Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Decoction for the treatment of eczema were screened. The main active ingredients included quercetin, luteolin, wogonin, kaempferol, and the main targets included PTGS1, ESR1, PPARG, and MAPK3. In addition, eight key targets, including MAPK8, MAPK3, JUN, MAPK14, TP53, MAPK1, ESR1 and RELA, were calculated by PPI network. GO enrichment analysis involved 2 024 biological processes, 81 cell components, and 140 molecular functions. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed to screen out 158 eczema-related pathways, which mainly acted on AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, virus-related pathways, and the results of molecular docking showed that the main active compounds could respectively bind to representative targets and exhibit a good affinity. The study proved that the treatment of eczema with Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Decoction involved multiple signaling pathways and biological processes, and the combination of main active ingredients(such as quercetin, luteolin, wogonin, kaempferol) and key targets(such as MAPK8, MAPK3, JUN, MAPK14, TP53, MAPK1, ESR1, RELA) may be one of the important mechanisms of action.

Molecular mechanism study of Shouhui Tongbian Capsules on promoting energy metabolism of gastrointestinal stromal cells / 中国中药杂志

Mechanism study was performed to explore how Shouhui Tongbian Capsules promotes energy metabolism of gastrointestinal stromal cells. In this study, gastrointestinal stromal cells line GIST-882 was used as the model to explore energy metabolism regulation effects of Shouhui Tongbian Capsules extract(10, 20, 50 and 100 μg·mL~(-1)) by measuring the cell proliferation, ATP level, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase activity. Meanwhile, Western blot was used to detect the proteins expression of SCF/c-Kit and CDK2/cyclin A signaling pathways. Our results showed that Shouhui Tongbian Capsules promoted cell proliferation and increased ATP level of gastrointestinal stromal cells. In addition, Shouhui Tongbian Capsules obviously improved mitochondrial structural integrity, and increased mitochondrial membrane potential in GIST-882 cells. Mechanism study revealed that Shouhui Tongbian Capsules increased mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase activity and up-regulated the proteins expression of SCF/c-Kit and CDK2/cyclin A signaling pathways. Collectively, our study indicated that Shouhui Tongbian Capsules promoted the energy metabolism for gastrointestinal stromal cells proliferation by activating mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase to induce ATP production, as well as activating SCF/c-Kit and CDK2/cyclin A signaling pathways.

Protective effect of diosmetin on viral myocarditis of CVB3-induced suckling mice by regulating macrophage M1/M2 type polarization / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

Objective: To study the protective effect of diosmetin on viral myocarditis induced by coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3) by regulating macrophage M1/M2 type polarization. Methods: BALB/c suckling mice were given ip 0.1 mL CVB3 virus culture solution of 1×105pfu, which was recorded as DO. After 24 h (D1), diosmetin (Dio) 12.5, 25 and 50 mg·kg-1were ig given, respectively, 7 d in succession. At the end of the experiment, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), expression levels of serum creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and myoglobin (Mb) were detected. The peripheral blood was collected to analyze and sort polarization of macrophage M1 and M2 in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. The pathological features of myocardial tissues were analyzed by HE staining and TUNEL staining. Western blotting was performed to detect the expressions of cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-caspase 9 in myocardial tissues. Macrophages were sorted from spleen tissues of suckling mice. After macrophages were treated with IFN-y 5 mg·L-1, CVB3 1×105pfu, Dio 20 μmol·L-1, CVB3 (1×105pfu)+Dio 20 μmol·L-1for 24 h, the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase-1 (Arg-1) in cells were detected by Western blotting. Results: Compared with normal control group, MAP, HR and LVSP in model group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, MAP, HR and LVSP were significantly increased in Dio 12.5, 25 and 50 mg·kg-1groups (P<0.05). Compared with normal control group, levels of CK, CK-MB and Mb in serum, and apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes in model group were significantly increased (P<0.05), so were expression levels of cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-caspase 9 in myocardial tissues (P<0.05). Compared with model group, levels of CK, CK-MB and Mb in serum, and apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes were significantly decreased in Dio 12.5, 25 and 50 mg·kg-1groups (P<0.05), so were expression levels of cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-caspase 9 in myocardial tissues (P< 0.05). Compared with normal control group, positive percentages of F4/80+iNOS\F4/80+TLR4+and F4/ 80+CD40+in peripheral blood of model group were significantly increased, while those of F4/80+CD14\ F4/80+Arg-1+ and F4/80+CD206t were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the former three items in peripheral blood were significantly decreased in Dio 12.5, 25 and 50 mg·kg-1groups, while the latter three items were significantly increased (P<0.05). Both IFN-γ and CVB3 virus could up-regulate the expression of iNOS, and inhibit the expression of Arg-1. The Dio treatment could inhibit the expression of iNOS and up- regulate the expression of Arg-1. Compared with CVB3 virus alone group, the expression of iNOS was decreased, but the expression of Arg-1 was increased in CVB3 + Dio group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Dio can inhibit the activation of M1 type macrophage caused by viral infection, promote its development towards M2 polarization, and improve cardiac function of the viral myocarditis model.

Advances in structural modification of matrine and its analogues / 中草药

Matrine is pyrrolizidine alkaloid derived from Chinese materia medica such as Sophora flavescens and Sophora alopecuroides. It has a wide range of pharmacological effects and abundant resources. Sophocarpine is a D ring 13,14-position dehydrogenation analogue of matrine. Due to the high similarity in structure, sophocarpine also exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, the pharmacological activities of matrine and sophocarpine are not strong, so a great scale of structural modification were carried out. In this paper, the structural modification and derivative activity of matrine and sophoridine were reviewed according to the modification sites classification, and the future development trend was prospected.

Effect of petroleum ether extract of Eclipta prostrate on biochemical parameters and histopathology of kidney in STZ induced diabetic rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of petroleum ether extract of Eclipta prostrata(PEEEP) on biochem-ical parameters such as blood glucose, insulin, total glycerides,total cholesterol,creatinine,urea nitrogen, uric acid levels and histopathology of kidney in STZ in-duced diabetic rats. Methods The model of type 2 diabetic rats was established by feeding with high ener-gy diet for 8 weeks and injecting streptozotocin(30 mg ·kg-1), after making the model successfully, the rats were randomly divided into model control group, metformin positive control group and experimental group, and gavaged with distilled water, metformin (400 mg·kg-1) and different dose of PEEEP (100, 200,400 mg·kg-1) for 4 weeks, respectively. The contents of blood glucose,insulin,total glycerides,to-tal cholesterol, creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid were detected by corresponding kit, the pathological changes of kidney were observed by light microscopy, and the expression of TNF-α protein was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with model control group, PEEEP could reduce blood glucose, total glyc-erides, total cholesterol, creatinine, urea nitrogen, u-ric acid and increase the content of insulin in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.01 or P <0.05). It also could alleviate the pathological damage of kidney tis-sues and down-regulate the expression of TNF-α in kidney tissues. Conclusions PEEEP could effectively improve related biochemical parameters in streptozoto-cin induced diabetic rats, and it has protective effect on the kidney, providing the theoretical basis for fur-ther exploitation and utilization of Eclipta prostrata.

Expressions and correlations of TLR2 ,TLR4 ,TLR7 and TLR9 in eosinophil-enriched blood cells from patients with allergic rhinitis / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate expressions and correlations of TLR2,TLR4,TLR7 and TLR9 in eosinophil-enriched cell populations from patients with allergic rhinitis (AR),and elucidate their roles in AR. Methods Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from healthy controls (HCs)and AR patients,and then incubated with crude extracts of Artemisia pollen,dust mite,and Platanus pollen,respectively.Levels of TLR2 , TLR4,TLR7 and TLR9 in blood eosinophil-enriched cells were detected by flow cytometry.Correlations between TLR2+,TLR4+,TLR7+and TLR9+eosinophils were analyzed by SPSS.Results Levels of TLR2+eosinophils from patients with AR were reduced by 4%,mean fluorescence intensity (MFI)of TLR4+eosinophil was elevated by 20%,and TLR7+eosinophils increased up to 4.8 folds compared with HCs when cultured with medium only (P＜0.05).Artemisia pollen extracts induced approximately 7 .8 % of increase in TLR2+eosinophils from AR patients.In addition,correlations between TLR2+and TLR4+eosinophils,TLR2+and TLR7+eosinophils,and TLR7+and TLR9+eosinophils were -0.670 (P＜0.01),-0.430 (P＜0.05)and 0.446 (P＜0.05),respectively. However,allergens had few effects on TLR2,TLR4,TLR7 and TLR9 expressions in HCs.Conclusion Eosinophil-derived TLR2 ,TLR4 and TLR7 are likely to play a key role in AR.TLR2 ,TLR4 and TLR7 might become the potential targets for AR treatment.

Evaluation of Literature Quality of Randomized Controlled Trials on Wrist-ankle Acupuncture for Low-back Pain / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To evaluate the literature quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on wrist-ankle acupuncture (WAA) for low-back pain in recent ten years; To analyze the existing problems in the clinical research;To provide corresponding improvement suggestions. Methods A computer-based retrieval was performed to search out the reports of RCTs on WAA for low-back pain from CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, Chongqing VIP, PubMed, and Cochrane Library was retrieved by computers. The search scope was January 1, 2007 - December 31, 2016. The 25 items in the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement and 6 items of the Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) were consulted for assessing the literature quality of RCTs on WAA for low-back pain. Results 18 articles were included. There were many problems about literature of RCTs on WAA for low-back pain, mainly including that the type of test design was not clear, outcome indicators were incomplete, random method reports were not specific, accepted diagnostic criteria and efficacy criteria were not used, reporting interventions were incomplete. Conclusion Recently, literature quality of RCTs on WAA for low-back pain is low. It is suggested that CONSORT Statement and STRICTA should be taken into consideration in the conducting and reporting of RCTs on WAA for low-back pain, and the report quality of clinical research in this field should be improved.

Effects of Paclitaxel-conjugated N-Succinyl-Hydroxyethyl Chitosan Film for Proliferative Cholangitis in Rabbit Biliary Stricture Model / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Paclitaxel (PTX) could inhibit the growth of fibroblasts, which occurs in proliferative cholangitis and leads to biliary stricture. However, its use has been limited due to poor bioavailability and local administration for short time. This study designed and synthesized a new PTX-conjugated chitosan film (N-succinyl-hydroxyethyl chitosan containing PTX [PTX-SHEC]) and evaluated its safety and efficiency using in vivo and in vitro experiments.</p><p><b>Methods:</b>The SHEC conjugated with PTX was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurements. Drug releases in vitro and in vivo were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Cell viability in vitro was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. Rabbit biliary stricture model was constructed. All rabbits randomly divided into five groups (n = 8 in each group): the sham-operated rabbits were used as control (Group A), Groups B received laparotomies and suture, Group C received laparotomies and covered SHEC suture without the PTX coating, Group D received laparotomies and covered PTX-SHEC suture, and Group E received laparotomies and 1000 μmol/L PTX administration. Liver function tests and residual dosage of PTX from each group were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histological data and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) immunohistochemical staining of common bile duct were examined.</p><p><b>Results:</b>NMR and FT-IR indicated that PTX was successfully introduced, based on the appearance of signals at 7.41-7.99 ppm, 1.50 ppm, and 1.03 ppm, due to the presence of aromatic protons, methylene protons, and methyl protons of PTX, respectively. No bile leak was observed. The PTX-conjugated film could slowly release PTX for 4 weeks (8.89 ± 0.03 μg at day 30). The in vitro cell viability test revealed significantly different levels of toxicity between films with and without PTX (111.7 ± 4.0% vs. 68.1 ± 6.0%, P < 0.001), whereas no statistically significant difference was observed among the three sets of PTX-contained films (67.7 ± 5.4%, 67.2 ± 3.4%, and 59.1 ± 6.0%, P > 0.05). Histological examinations revealed that after 28 days of implantment, Groups D and E (but not Group C) had less granulation tissue and glandular hyperplasia in the site of biliary duct injury than Group B. The pattern was more obvious in Group D than Group E. Less α-SMA-positive cells were found in tissue from Groups D and E. Comparing with Group E, the liver function was improved significantly in Group D, including total bilirubin (2.69 ± 1.03 μmol/L vs. 0.81 ± 0.54 μmol/L, P = 0.014), alanine aminotransferase (87.13 ± 17.51 U/L vs. 42.12 ± 15.76 U/L, P = 0.012), and alkaline phosphatase (60.61 ± 12.31 U/L vs. 40.59 ± 8.78 U/L, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>PTX-SHEC film effectively inhibites the myofibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix over-deposition during the healing process of biliary reconstruction. This original film might offer a new way for reducing the occurrence of the benign biliary stricture.</p>

Mid and long-term clinical effects of percutaneous kyphoplasty with two methods for vertebral fragility fracture in the elderly / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the middle-long-term clinical effects of unilateral and bilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP) for vertebral fragility fracture in the elderly.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data in elderly patients with vertebral fragility fracture treated by unilateral and bilateral PKP between January 2008 and January 2010 was retrospective analyzed. According to a unified criteria to divided into two groups for 104 patients(44 males and 60 females), of them, 50 cases were divided in unilateral group using unilateral pedicle surgical approach for PKP and 54 cases were in bilateral group using bilateral pedicle approach. VAS score, Cobb angle, and the height of anterior and posterior vertebral body were respectively analyzed peroperatively and at 3 d, 3 months, 1 year, 3 years postoperatively and final follow-up. Clinical effects and safety were assessed in two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the operations were successful. Operative time and bone cement injection volume in unilateral group were less than those of bilateral group(<0.05). Postoperative VAS scores, Cobb angle, and the height of anterior and posterior vertebral body were obviously improved in two groups(<0.05), and there was no significant difference between two groups(>0.05). Bone cement leakage occurred in 12 cases(11.5%), recurrent fracture of vertebral body occurred in 5 cases(4.8%), cerebrospinal leak occurred in 2 cases(1.9%), and nerve root irritation occurred in 3 cases(2.9%). The above complications were transient and released after symptomatic treament.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Middle-long-term clinical effects of unilateral and bilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty for vertebral fragility fracture are safe and satisfactory, and may be extended as a minimally invasive method. Unilateral approach for PKP has advantages of short operation time, relative less trauma, thus is a more ideal method.</p>

Surgical treatment for the fractures and dislocations of the elbow in old patients / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce and report the preliminary results of 7 old patients with fractures and dislocations of the elbow.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 2011 to August 2015, 7 old patients suffered from fractures and dislocations of the elbow(5 of which were terrible triad). One patient had type Iradial head fracture, 3 type IIand 1 type III according to the Mason classification, and 1 type I, 5 type IIand 1 type III according to the Regan-Morrey classification. All the 7 patients received operation and then were treated with external fixation. Fractures of the radial head were fixed with Herbert screws or locking plates and screws. Fractures of ulnar coronoid were reduced and fixed with lag screws or K-wires or PDS sutures or locking screws according to the types. The lateral and medial collateral ligaments were also repaired. Plaster external fixation was applied for 3 weeks after operation, in the position with elbow flexion in 90 degrees and forearm rotation in neutral. External fixation braces were used for each patient after the plasters were removed, and at the same time rehabilitation programs were carried out.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 7 patients were followed up, and the during ranged from 13 to 48 months(averaged, 20 months), with healed fractures, stable elbow and no pain movement. The functional outcome was excellent in 3 patients, good in 3 and fair in 1 according to the Mayo Elbow Performance Score(MEPS).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is not easy to get stable fixation for fractures and dislocations of the elbow in old patients with osteoporosis and low density of bone, but the operation can achieve satisfied clinical outcomes after external fixation.</p>

Expression of SRD5A1 and its prognostic role in prostate cancer: Analysis based on the data-mining of ONCOMINE / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To explore the expression of I-5α-reductase (SRD5A1)and its prognostic role in prostate cancer .</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data about SRD5A1 were retrieved from the ONCOMINE database and the role of SRD5A1 in prostate cancer was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally, 992 studies of different types relevant to the expression of SRD5A1 were identified in the ONCOMINE database. The SRD5A1 expression was statistically significant in 239 of the studies, overexpressed in 157 (11 in prostate cancer) and underexpressed in the other 82 (3 in prostate cancer). Eighteen of the studies, with 1 068 samples, addressed the expression of SRD5A1 in prostate cancer and normal tissues, which was significantly higher in the former than in the latter tissue (P<0.05). In 3 of the studies, the SRD5A1 expression was high in primary prostate cancer and increased with its metastasis (P<0.0 5). Two of the studies with prognostic data showed a higher rate of postoperative biochemical recurrence and a higher total mortality rate in the patients with a high than in those with a low expression of SRD5A1 (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SRD5A1 is highly expressed in prostate cancer, especially in metastatic and castration-resistant prostate cancer and its expression is associated with the prognosis of prostate cancer, which may be an important target of medication for prostate cancer.</p>

Expression of long noncoding RNA LINC01358 in prostate cancer and its effect on the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To explore the expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINC01358 in prostate cancer (PCa) and its effect on the proliferation and migration of PCa cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The lncRNA array was used to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs in PCa and the corresponding carcinoma-adjacent normal tissues from 3 patients. The expressions of LINC01358 in the primary PCa, metastatic PCa, and carcinoma-adjacent tissues were compared using the PCa dataset of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). The data obtained were validated by determining the expression of LINC01358 in the PCa and carcinoma-adjacent tissues of another 10 patients by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). The effects of lncRNA LINC01358 on the proliferation of DU145 cells and migration of PCa cells were detected by MTT and Transwell assay, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally, 79 differentially expressed lncRNAs in the lncRNA array, 36 highly and the other 43 lowly expressed in the PCa tissue. LINC01358 was up-regulated in the cancerous tissue. According to the MSKCC data, the LINC01358 expression was markedly higher in metastatic PCa (5.81±0.19, n = 19) and primary PCa (5.47±0.04, n = 131) than in the PCa-adjacent tissue (5.15±0.07, n = 29) and significantly correlated with postoperative biochemical relapse of the malignancy (P<0.05). qRT-PCR indicated a remarkably higher expression of LINC01358 in the PCa than in the carcinoma-adjacent tissue (6.02±1.12 vs 3.21±0.21, P<0.05). Transfection of the DU145 cells with siRNA significantly decreased the level of LINC01358 and inhibited the proliferation and migration of the PCa cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LINC01358 is highly expressed in the PCa tissue and knockdown of LINC01358 may inhibit the proliferation and migration of PCa cells. LncRNA LINC01358 may be involved in the development and progression of PCa and become an index for the early diagnosis as well as a new target for the gene therapy of the malignancy.</p>

Treatment of osteomyelitis and bone defect of femoral shaft by external fixation and bone transport / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the clinical effects and superiority of applying external fixation and bone transport to treat osteomyelitis and bone defect of femoral bone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2008 to December 2013,16 patients with osteomyelitis and bone defect of femoral bone were treated including 11 males and 5 females with an average age of 42 years old ranging from 13 to 62 years old. The average course of disease was 18 months ranging from 2 months to 4.5 years, and the average length of bone defect was 7.8 cm ranging from 4.5 to 15 cm. The bone defect of all cases were treated by external fixation and bone transport, the bone transport began at 1 week after operation, 1 mm per day and 4 times per day.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up for 10 to 36 months (means 22.5 months). One patient did not cooperate with treatment leads to the failure, then took the amputation. The remaining 15 cases of osteomyelitis were under control, including 12 cases of bone transport achieved one stage bone union, 3 cases achieved bone union via bone graft from iliac bone. The bone union time was 5 to 13 months(means 7.9 months). Thirteen patients almost obtained the same length of two lower extremities,2 patients had shortening of 1.5 to 2 cm. The time of moving the external fixation was from 6 to 16 months (means 9.3 months).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Application of external fixation and bone transport is an effective method in treating the osteomyelitis and bone defect that can control the infection, eradicate wounds, and be the equalization of limb length.</p>

3D versus 2D laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for the treatment of prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the outcomes and complications of 3D versus 2D laparoscopic radical prostatectomy ( LRP) in the treatment of prostate cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively reviewed 18 cases of prostate cancer treated by 3D LRP and another 32 by 2D LRP. We compared the general data, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage time and hospital stay, Gleason scores, and incidence of complications between the two groups of patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the operations were successful and none was transferred to open surgery. The two groups of patients were similar in terms of age, body mass index, Gleason scores, and clinical stages. However, compared with the 2D LRP group, the 3D LRP group showed significantly shorter operation time ([180.2 ± 69.1] vs [118.3 ± 55.1] min, P < 0.01), less blood loss ([236.5 ± 60.6] vs [89.1 ± 35.2] ml, P < 0.01), less postoperative drainage time ([7.1 ± 1.1] vs [5.3 ± 2.1] d, P < 0.01), shorter postoperative hospital stay ([20.2 ± 5.5] vs [14.4 ± 7.2] d, P < 0.01), and lower incidence of perioperative complications (3.1% vs 0, P < 0.01). The incisal margin was pathologically negative in both groups and urinary incontinence was found in neither at 6 months after surgery (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>3D LRP, with its advantages of shorter operative time, faster recovery, and better outcomes than 2D LRP in the treatment of prostate cancer, deserves general application in lower-level hospitals.</p>

Allergy-related evidences in relation to serum IgE: data from the China state key laboratory of respiratory disease, 2008-2013 / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the serum total IgE (tIgE) and specific IgE (sIgE) to common allergens among allergic patients in Guangzhou, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>7 085 patients were examined for tIgE and sIgE to 15 allergens, based on the protocols of reversed enzyme allergosorbent test and the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>3 758 (53.04%) patients tested positive for tIgE, and 4 640 (65.49%) for sIgE. Der pteronyssinus, Der farinae, eggs, and cow's milk were the most common allergens leading to higher positive rates of sIgE responses. Several peaks of sensitization were: Der pteronyssinus, Der farinae, and Blomia tropicalis at age 10-12; cow's milk at age below 3; eggs at age 4-6. The mean level and positive rate of tIgE tended to increase in subjects sensitized to more allergens. Sensitization to Der pteronyssinus (OR, 1.6; P<0.05), Der farinae (OR, 1.5; P<0.05), Blomia tropicalis (OR, 1.4; P<0.05), Blattella germanica (OR, 1.5; P<0.05), cow's milk (OR, 1.3; P<0.05), and soy beans (OR, 2.0; P<0.05) were independently correlated with allergy-related conditions in preliminary diagnosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The major allergens in Guangzhou include Der pteronyssinus, Der farinae, cow's milk, and eggs. Sensitization to these allergens appears to be predictors of allergy-related disorder.</p>

Clinical analysis of orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis in adults / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and therapy of surgical intervention for orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis in adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four adults with orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis were retrospectively reviewed. The patients underwent transnasal endoscopic sinus surgery or combined with eyebrow incision after conservative treatments failed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 2 cases with orbital abscess, 2 cases with subperiosteal abscess. Two of them suffered from diabetes. After operation, constitutional symptoms and ocular symptoms disappeared in all 4 patients. CT was rechecked during the postoperative follow-up. The imaging showed that the orbital and nasal lesions were obviously relieved or disappeared.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis in adults are clinically rare. The patients are usually with low immunity or underlying conditions, such as diabetes. Based on the basis of controlling basic diseases, the treatment outcome of orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis in adults is affirmative by surgery and conservative managements.</p>

Application of vancomycin-loaded calcium sulphate in treatment of osteomyelitis / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of vancomycin-loaded calcium sulphate in the treatment of osteomyelitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We implanted vancomycin-loaded calcium sulphate into 24 patients with traumatic osteomyelitis who were treated in our hospital from February 2008 to February 2010,and then the antibiotic concentrations in the lesions were measured.Bacterial culture results,inflammatory markers,as well as wound healing were observed.X-ray was performed in the location where the vancomycin-loaded calcium sulphate was implanted.The blood vancomycin level as well as liver and kidney functions were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The vancomycin concentration in the lesion exceeded the effective therapeutic concentrations and the minimum inhibitory concentration,while the blood concentration was low.The liver and renal function remained normal.The safety profile was good,and the cure rate of osteomyelitis reached 100%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The vancomycin-loaded calcium sulphate can release high-concentration vancomycin in the diseased sites without causing high blood concentration.Also,it can guide the regeneration of bones.Therefore,it is effective and safe in treating osteomyelitis.</p>

Anterior cervical decompression and fusion by microscope for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore clinical effects of anterior cervical decompression and fusion by microscope in treating cervical spondylotic myelopathy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From February 2005 to March 2010,21 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, 13 males and 8 females with an average age of 51.5 years (ranged, 32 to 71), were treated with anterior cervical decompression using high-speed bur,then bone grafting and fusion with auto iliac bone and internal fixation by microscope. According to JOA score of cervical spondylosis to evaluate clinical effects before and after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 18 to 24 months with an average of 20 months. JOA score improved significantly from preoperative 9.26 +/- 1.72 to postoperative 13.64 +/- 1.38 (t = 2.452, P = 0.000). According to JOA score, 12 cases were excellent, 7 good and 2 fair.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Anterior cervical decompression and fusion by microscope is a refined, safe and effective surgical procedure for cervical spondylotic myelopathy.</p>

Application of damage control in severe traumatic limb salvage / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the importance of damage control in limb salvage in severe trauma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis of 14 patients with severe limb trauma was performed from June 2007 to December 2009. There are 13 males and 1 female,ranging in age from 6 to 62 years with an average of 38.4 years. According to the Tscherne's classification about soft tissue injury, 10 cases were type Fr.O III, 2 cases were type Fr.O IV, and 2 cases were type Fr.C II. All the patients received the first operation in our hospital. In the first stage, all the patients received debridemen directed by damage control after the situation was evaluated. The broken arteries were anastomosed, bone fractures were fixed with external fixation, wound were covered with the application of VSD. In the second stage, the soft tissue defect was reconstructed, and the plate fixation of unstable fracture was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 6 to 19 months. All limbs were salvaged successfully with two-stage operations,except one Fr.O IV fracture reveived the third operation. No osteomyelitis occurred, and the functions of the salvaged limbs were satisfied. Two patients had non-union at 9 month later, and were cured after re-debridement and bone replantation. The time of fracture union ranged from 5 to 15 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Severe traumatic limbs always have high rate of infection and extremity disability because the severe injury of soft tissue. The application of damage control can reduce the further injury of soft tissue, which is better for the success of limb salvage.</p>

Treatment of acute ankle fractures with arthroscopy-assisted open reduction and internal fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical results of arthroscopy-assisted open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of acute Lauge-Hansen stage IV ankle fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective cohort of study was done in 42 patients of acute ankle fractures treated with arthroscopy-assisted open reduction and internal fixation from January 2008 to December 2009. According to Lauge-Hansen classification, there were 26 supination-eversion stage IV fractures, including 11 females and 15 males; with an average age of (36.8 +/- 11.7) years; and there were 16 pronation-eversion stage IV fractures, including 6 females and 10 males, with an average age of (37.6 +/- 11.2) years. All the patients were treated with arthroscopy-assisted open reduction and internal fixation,and intra-articular disorders were observed. Syndesmotic diastasis was treated with three-cortices syndesmotic screw, and osteochondral injuries were disposed by Cheng-Ferkel staging system. The clinical effects were evaluated according to AOFAS scores.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up for 1 year. At the final review,the mean AOFAS score was (92.00 +/- 9.32). Twenty-eight patients got an excellent result, 11 good, 3 fair. Lesions of the cartilage were found in 31 cases. The AOFAS scores of patients with osteochondral lesions were higher than those of patients without osteochondral lesions. The AOFAS scores of patients with osteochondral lesions below C grade were higher than those of patients with osteochondral lesions above C grade. The AOFAS scores of patients with osteochondral lesions were higher than those of patients with osteochondral lesions above C grade. The AOFAS scores of patients with syndesmosis fixation were lower than those of patients without syndesmosis fixation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intra-articular disorders are common in Lauge-Hansen stage IV ankle fractures, and osteochondral lesion and sydesmosis diastasis are the most important prognostic factor that leads to unsatisfactory ankle functions. Arthroscopy-assisted open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of acute ankle fractures is not only helpful to anatomical reduction of the articular surface, but also can improve the clinical results with effective diagnosis and treatment of combined intra-articular disorders.</p>