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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Nongsuo Dangguiwan in improving ovarian oxidative stress in rats with ovarian dysfunction. MethodThirty-six adult female SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， positive drug group （Femoston， 0.3 mg·kg-1）， and high-， medium-， and low-dose groups of concentrated Nongsuo Dangguiwan （2.08， 4.16， 8.32 g·kg-1）， with six rats in each group. Rats， except for those in the normal group， were injected with 80 mg·kg-1 vinyl cyclohexene dioxide （VCD） per day for 14 consecutive days to induce ovarian dysfunction. From the 15th day， rats were treated with corresponding drugs by gavage， while those in the model group received 2 mL·kg-1 saline， once daily for 28 consecutive days. The ovarian index， levels of related hormones including estradiol （E2）， follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， and anti-mullerian hormone （AMH） in serum， as well as superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and glutathione （GSH） content in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The malondialdehyde （MDA） content in serum was detected by the thiobarbituric acid （TAB） method. Ovarian morphology was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， SOD2， and SOD1 in ovarian tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC） and Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed a significant reduction in growing follicles in the ovary， loose arrangement of granulosa cells in the follicle， decreased body weight， ovarian index， and serum AMH and E2 levels， increased LH and FSH levels （P<0.01）， reduced levels of SOD and GSH in serum （P<0.01）， and increased MDA level （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the groups with drug intervention showed increased ovarian index （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased serum E2 level （P<0.05， P<0.01）， decreased FSH， AMH， and LH levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased number of growing follicles in the ovary， potentiated SOD activity in serum， increased GSH content， decreased MDA content （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and up-regulated expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1， SOD2， and SOD1 proteins in ovarian tissues （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionNongsuo Dangguiwan can regulate serum hormone levels， increase the expression of Nrf2， HO-1， SOD2， and SOD1 in ovarian tissues， and improve ovarian antioxidant capacity to resist oxidative stress injury， thereby improving ovarian reserve function.
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Remote pharmaceutical care refers to the process that pharmacists provide pharmaceutical care to patients remotely through information technology. Remote pharmaceutical care in China starts late and develops slowly. Therefore ，this paper discusses the pharmaceutical care modes that pharmacists at home and abroad can provide under the remote mode by collecting literature. The results show that foreign remote pharmaceutical care starts early and is relatively mature. The service mainly included remote follow-up and intervention ，24-hour online prescription and order review ，24-hour online drug reorganization ，and guidance on rational drug use in remote areas or community hospitals. The service population covers patients with cardiovascular disease ， diabetes，asthma，AIDS and so on. Some hospitals have established an integrated pharmaceutical care system of “Internet+Medical Consortium”in China ，with which pharmacists can provide patients with pharmaceutical care such as remote follow-up and intervention，drug consultation and so on. With the promotion of telemedicine ，domestic pharmacists can gradually expand the scope of services ，expand pharmaceutical services such as remote consultation and remote popular science push ，and realize the sharing of high-quality pharmaceutical care for the whole people.
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ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo prescription in the improvement of ovarian function in polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）. MethodSeventy female SD rats in SPF grade were randomly divided into 6 groups， 15 in the blank group and 15 in the model group， 10 in the metformin group （0.1 g·kg-1·d-1）， and 10 in the low （1.275 g·kg-1·d-1）， medium （2.55 g·kg-1·d-1）， and high-dose （5.10 g·kg-1·d-1） Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo prescription groups. The blank group was given normal saline （10 mL·kg-1·d-1） by gavage and ordinary feed， and the other groups were given letrozole （1 mg·kg-1·d-1） by gavage combined with high-fat feed for 21 days to induce the model of PCOS. After modeling， the blank group and model group were given equal volume normal saline by gavage， and each drug group was given the corresponding dose of the drug by gavage for 30 days. The changes in body mass and fasting blood glucose （FPG） of rats before and after modeling were compared. Hematoxylin eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological change in the ovaries of rats in each group. The serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， testosterone （T）， anti-Mullerian hormone （AMH）， and estradiol （E2） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the LH/FSH ratio was calculated. Immunohistochemical staining （IHC） and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression levels of nucleoside binding oligomerization domain protein like receptor 3 （NALP3）， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein （ASC）， cysteine protease-1 （Caspase-1）， nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-18 （IL-18）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the rat ovaries. ResultAs compared with the blank group， large follicles with polycystic expansion were found in the ovaries of the model group， no dominant follicles were found， the granular layer of follicles decreased and arranged loosely， and the number of corpus luteum decreased significantly. Serum T， LH， AMH and LH/FSH increased in the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while FSH and E2 decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The relative protein expression levels of NALP3， ASC， Caspase-1， NF-κB， IL-1β， IL-18， and IL-6 increased （P<0.05， P<0.01） in the ovaries of the model group. Compared with the model group， the low， medium， and high-dose Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo prescription groups and the metformin group showed growing follicles and corpus luteum at all levels， the number of cystic expanding follicles decreased， the thickness of follicular granular layer increased， the number of follicular fluid increased， mature follicles were visible， and the local morphology of oocytes was complete. Serum T， LH， AMH， and LH/FSH in these groups decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while E2 and FSH increased （P<0.05）. The relative protein expressions of NALP3， ASC， Caspase-1， NF-κB， IL-1β， IL-18， and IL-6 in the ovaries of these groups decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. There was no significant difference among the treatment groups. ConclusionBy inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome， Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo prescription reduces the release of NALP3， ASC， Caspase-1， NF-κB， IL-18， IL-1β， and IL-6 inflammatory factors in ovarian tissues， regulates endocrine level， and effectively reduces PCOS inflammatory statu， so as to play a role in improving ovarian function.
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Objective The purpose of this paper is to study the problems and challenges faced by the university in the management of science funds,in order to provide evidence for improving the management level of science funds at university,at the same time to provide possible reference for other universities.Methods Through retrospective analysis of the application and funding of the National Natural Science Foundation of China of Chongqing Medical University during the period of 2013 to 2018.Results In recent years,the funding level of science funds in our university has entered the bottleneck period,main influencing factors include policy,talents,management and so on.Conclusions It is suggested to strengthen the top-level design of scientific research management,strengthen the training of scientific research personnel,and ensure the capability of scientific research management.
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Objective To investigate the potential prognostic factors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicate by portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) who are treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods The complete clinical data of a total of 46 patients with HCC complicate by PVTT, who were treated with TACE during the period from January 2010 to March 2016, were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical material database was established. Kaplan-Meier test was adopted to analyze the survival rate and the COX risk ratio model was used to screen out the independent prognostic factors. Life table method was employed to calculate the survival time. Results The 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month survival rates were 51. 2％, 28. 9％, 23. 4％ and 10. 2％, respectively. The median survival time was 6. 7 months. According to mRECIST standard, complete remission (CR) was obtained in one patient (2. 1％), partial remission (PR) in 11 patients (23. 9％), stable disease (SD) in 16 patients (34. 8％) and progress disease (PD) in 18 patients (39. 2％). Multivariate analysis indicated that local tumor response, ascites, cholinesterase, and arteriovenous fistula were the independent factors affecting the prognosis. Conclusion The independent prognostic factors that affect the survival time of HCC patient include local tumor response, ascites, cholinesterase and arteriovenous fistula. (J Intervent Radiol, 2018, 27: 266-271)
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This paper aimed at studying the physical and chemical properties, general examination and contents of someeffective components of Erratum Mongolia, and to provide scientific basis for the establishment of the quality standard ofvenerates Mongolia. The physical and chemical properties of venerates were identified by microscope and thin layerchromatography, and the general examination of venerates was studied with reference to the appendix of the 2010 editionof People's Republic of China Pharmacopoeia, and the main characteristic components and the active components inErratum were analyzed by HPLC. The content was analyzed and compared. The characters and microscopic identificationconfirmed that all the 7 batches of samples were venerates. The TLC identification was used as the control product ofhermitage, Erratum and restorative. The test products showed the same color spots in the corresponding position of thecontrol products. The spots were clear and the separation degree was good; the water and extracts of the different batch ofvenerates were examined by general terms. The content of ash in the Erratum collected from different regions was notsignificantly different (5.74-6.98％) . The content of the main active ingredients (hermitage) in Erratum from differentareas of the same plant is compared for the first time. The method is simple and reproducible. It provides a scientificbasis for improving the quality standard of Erratum Mongolia, the safe and rational application and the furtherdevelopment and production.
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Objective To find out more about the population structure and clonal complex of clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains in Asia.Methods Clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains data were screened in Asia with complete ST and pST types from PubMLST public database,their subgroup and complex were analyzed,and the minimum spanning tree based on ST and pST types respectively was completed.Results From the database,341 items of ST and pST types of Asian clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were screened,including 157 ST,most of which were of ST3 type.Totally 214 items of data came from China (including Hong Kong and Taiwan),and covered 133 ST,most of which were of ST3 type.eBURST software was used and 17 groups and 94 singletons were found.Software STRUCTURE analysis showed that the appropriate subset number of clinical V.parahaemolyticus strains in Asia was 7,and that the average distance between samples in each subgroup was 0.9113.Conclusion Clinical V.parahaemolyticus strains in Asia show high diversity and can be subdivided into seven subgroups.ST3 type is dominating when multilocus sequence typing(MLST)is used and pST2 type is the majority by AA-MLST typing.
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Objective:To preliminarily discuss the career management of hospital pharmacists from the perspectives of human re-source management and psychology to provide reference for the human resource management of pharmacy department. Methods: The current situation of career management of hospital pharmacists was analyzed based on the theory of Zone of Proximal Development in de-velopmental psychology, and some concepts and measures for the career management of hospital pharmacists were proposed. Results:The managers of pharmacy department must set up dynamic developing view of their employees, establish individualized management concept, transform their role in human resource management and promote the capability of career management. Measures, such as work shift and determined posts, career guidance, potential discovery, opening up promotion ways and self-management of personal career, could be adopted to develop a scientific and effective system of career management. Conclusion:It is suggested that modern manage-ment theories be utilized in the career management of hospital pharmacists, which may help achieve the joint development of department and individuals.
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Objective To compare different methods on the identification of Cronobacter (C.) spp.species and to choose an optimum one.Methods Biochemical test,16S rRNA and fusA sequencing methods were carried out.Results When using the biochemical test,105 strains showed six different conditions but C.turicensis and C.universalis could not be effectively identified.Under the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis,all the strains were divided into 5 groups but C.sakazakii and C.malonaticus were tangled.Finally,all the strains were identified into 58 C.sakazakii,30 C.malonaticus,11 C.dublinensis,5 C.turicensis,1 C.muytjensii,under the fusA sequencing analysis.Conclusion Currently,fusA sequencing analysis seemed an effective method for identifying the species of Cronobacter.Since fusA sequencing analysis method was less intuitive,another method for rapid testing should be developed.
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Objective To compare different methods on the identification of Cronobacter (C.) spp.species and to choose an optimum one.Methods Biochemical test,16S rRNA and fusA sequencing methods were carried out.Results When using the biochemical test,105 strains showed six different conditions but C.turicensis and C.universalis could not be effectively identified.Under the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis,all the strains were divided into 5 groups but C.sakazakii and C.malonaticus were tangled.Finally,all the strains were identified into 58 C.sakazakii,30 C.malonaticus,11 C.dublinensis,5 C.turicensis,1 C.muytjensii,under the fusA sequencing analysis.Conclusion Currently,fusA sequencing analysis seemed an effective method for identifying the species of Cronobacter.Since fusA sequencing analysis method was less intuitive,another method for rapid testing should be developed.
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Objective To evaluate the pharmacokinetic profiles of lopinavir(LPV) in Chinese HIV-infected patients.Methods A total of 16 patients were enrolled in the LPV pharmacokinetic study.Blood samples were collected before LPV intake and 0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0,4.0,6.0,8.0,10.0,12.0 h after administration.Serum level of LPV was determined by the developed high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.The pharmacokinetic profiles were assessed by WinNonlin software.Results The non-compartment model pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were as follows:the peak time of LPV (Tmax) (3.88 ± 0.23) h,maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) (10.36 ± 3.42) mg/L,minimum plasma concentration (Cmin) (2.18 ± 0.34) mg/L,the 24 h area under plasma-concentration-time curve (AUC0-24) (116.22 ± 15.68) mg · h · L-1,half life(T1/2) (4.5 ± 0.13) h,and clearance rate (CL/F) (3.44 ± 1.34) L/h respectively.Conclusions The pharmacokinetic profiles of LPV in Chinese HIV-1 infected patients demonstrate lower Cmin than those of reported studies,while other parameters are similar.Patients should be educated for compliance based on the narrow gap between Cmin and minimum effect concentration.
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Objective To learn more about virulence genes and clonal complex group structure of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPH)strains separated from aquatic products in East China coastal areas between 2007 and 2012.Methods Seventy-nine strains separated from aquatic products in eastern coastal areas(Guandong,Fujian,Shanghai,Shandong,Jiangsu and Beijing)of China between 2007 and 2012 were identified as VPH by real-time-PCR with gene tlh.Gene tdh,trh and orf8 were also detected.Subgroup analysis and complex analysis were conducted of the VPH strains to build the minimum spanning tree respectively based on ST and pST types.Results In 79 VPH strains,gene tlh was positive while 8.86%(7 /79)of the isolates of gene tdh were positive.The carrying rate of gene orf8 was 8.86%.These 79 strains were of 69 ST types,involving 3 clonal complex and 62 singleton.By amino acid(AA)-multilocus sequence typing(MLST),79 strains covered the 23 pST types,2 clonal complexes and 1 singleton.The 363 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were divided into 68 patterns.Conclusion VPH strains from aquatic products in eastern coastal areas of China are characterized by high polymorphisms and a low carrying rate of virulence genes.ST3 type is dominating when MLST typing is used while pST1 type is the majority by AA-MLST typing.
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Objective To elucidate the difference between methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)and methicillin-sensitive S.aureus (MSSA)in terms of genotypes and distribution of virulence genes with the clinical strains isolated from Hohhot,and explore the relationship between the changing resistance of S.aureus and the virulence transition.Methods Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)and multi locus sequence typing (MLST)methods were employed to do molecular typing for 30 MRSA strains and 30 MSSA strains isolated from inpatients in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia.PCR method was used to profile the distribution of virulence genes among these strains.Results PFGE typing results showed that 60 S.aureus strains were classified into 19 major types.MSSA strains belonged to 16 types,mainly types I and H.MRSA strains mainly belonged to types of K and M.Among the 20 strains with different PFGE types,MRSA strains were mainly identified as ST-239 type.but the prevalence of sec ,seg ,sei,sem,sen,seo,fnbB ,ebpS and cap 5 was higher in MSSA strains than in MRSA strains (P<0.05).Conclusions The clinical strains of S .aureus isolated from Hohhot showed diverse genotyping features.ST-239 was the major PFGE type of MRSA strains.The prevalence of virulence genes was higher in MSSA strains than in MRSA strains. Characteristic cluster is found for specific virulence genes.The results also suggest that acquisition of specific antibiotic resistance may be associated with change of specific virulence feature in S.aureus.
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Objective To compare the effects of preload with intravenous infusion of 6％ hydroxyethyl starch combined with phenylephrine or dopamine to prevent the hypotension after combined epiduralspinal anesthesia in parturient undergoing caesarean section.Methods Eighty patients with ASA class Ⅰ or Ⅱ[,were randomly divided into Dopamine group and Phenylephrine group,40 cases in each group.The 6％hydroxyethyl starch 500 ml was infused at the tate of 20 ml/(kg · h) after the intravenous catheterization was established and after the finishing of the infusion of 250 ml,the dopamine 5 mg (Dopamine group) or 200 ug phenylephrine (Phenylephrine group) were added respectively in residual liquid.After the bupivacaine was injected into the subarachnoid space,the intravenous infusion was continued at the same rate until the fetus was taken out and the blood pressure and heart rate were measured at intervals of 1 min.The blood sample of fetal cord was taken to measure ther troponin Ⅰ concentration.Results The incidence of hypotension after combined epidural-spinal anesthesia anesthesia in dopamine group (2/40) and in phenylephrine group (3/40) was with no statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05) ;The incidence of bradycardia in dopamine group (0/40) was significantly lower than that in phenylephrine group (6/40)) (P ＜0.05) ; The incidence of tachycardia in dopamine group (8/40) was significantly higher than that in phenylephrine group (1/40) (P ＜0.05) ; The troponin Ⅰ concentration of fetal cord blood in dopamine group [(0.21 ±0.07) ng/ml] and in phenylephrine group [(0.18 ±0.09)ng/ml]was with no statistical difference (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Preload with intravenous infusion of 6％ hydroxyethyl starch combined with phenylephrine or dopamine can effectively prevent the hypotension after combined epidural-spinal anesthesia in parturient undergoing caesarean section with no significant effect on the fetus and both can be chosen in terms of the heart rate of parturient before anesthesia.
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Objective To investigate the effect of pretreatment with parecoxib for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair. Methods Sixty patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair were assigned in two groups by random digits table with 30 cases each. The patients in pretreating group received parecoxib 40 mg intravenously before anesthesia, and in control group with the same capacity of normal saline. All patients were anesthetized with combined spinal epidural blockage and tranquilized with pethidine, droperidol and diazepam. Postoperative pain of the abdomen incision was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and the pain of shoulder or back was judged by a 4 grade scale. Side-effects, supplement analgesic, passage of gas by anus 24 h after surgery were observed as well. Results The abdomen incision VAS at 4,8,12,24 h after surgery in pretreating group were lower than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05). And the incidence of pain of shoulder or back was lower in pretreating group (13.3% ,4/30) than that in control group (33.3% ,10/30)(P ＜0.05). While the cases needing supplement analgesic also decreased in pretreating group (13.3% ,4/30) compared with control group (40.0%, 12/30)(P ＜ 0.05). And the side effects and passage of gas by anus 24 h after surgery had no significant difference in two groups. Conclusion Pretreatment with parecoxib in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair may relieve the postoperative incision pain and the pain of shoulder or back while reducing the analgesic supplement without side effects.
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Total 1350 subjects were selected by cluster random sampling from Chongwen District and Shijingshan District in Beijing with a populations of 100 000.Chongwen District represented a typical urban district and Shijingshan represtnted a newly extended urban district.Qualified investigators conducted face-to-face survey using the uniform questionnaire and measurement, dealing with the knowledge, attitude and behavior for risk factors of stroke in two districts.The results showed:in Chongwen District, the awareness rates of "the diagnostic criteria of hypertension", "antihypertensive drugs can lower the risk of cardiocerebral vascular disease", and "criteria for obesity" were 71.3%, 87.3% and 22.9% respectively,which were significantly higher than those in Shijingshan District.The awareness rate of "bad temper may increase the risk of cardiocerebral vascular disease" was lower in the Chongwen District.There were no significant differences in attitude between two districts.In Chongwen District the level of three risk factors (smoking and obesity) was significantly lower than Shijingshan, but action of self-examination was also significantly lower.Generally, there was higher level in health knowledge and lower level of risk factors in Chongwen District.The hypertension-related knowledge and behavior was not entirely consistent.It is necessary to transform knowledge into behavioral changes or intervention of risk factors in population with high awareness like Chongwen District.
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Objective To observe the changes of carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT) and vascular endothelia function in patients with geriatric carotid plaque before and after intensive lipid lowering was performed.Methods 102 patients diagnosed with carotid plaque were ramdomly divided into common group (atorvastatin 10 mg/d,n=48) and intensive lipid lowering group (atorvastatin 20 mg/d,n=54).After one year of treatment,the fasting venous blood total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high density lipeprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) were assayed,and the thickest and thinnest CIMT and brachial arterial.endothelium dependent diastolic function (FMD) and carotid artery plaque index(PI) were measured by ultrasound.Results Two groups in the thickest CIMT and PI had no significant difference before and after treatment (P＞0.05).The levels of FMD,TC,LDL-C,TG and the thinnest CIMT had significant difference before and after therapy [common group:GIMT(0.85±0.20)mm,(0.83±0.22) mm,FMD(3.85±1.41)%,(7.91±1.05)%,TC(6.46±1.05) mmol/L,(4.82±1.26) mmol/L,LDL-C (4.71±1.00) mmol/L,(3.16±1.00) mmol/L,TG (1.55±0.45) mmol/L,(1.49±0.44) mmol/L;intensive lipid lowering group:CIMT(0.84±0.20) mm,(0.63±0.17) mm,FMD (3.74±1.38) %,(0.25±1.58)%,TC (6.36±1.06) mmol/L,(4.10±1.00) mmol/L,LDL-C (4.73±1.01) mmol/L、(2.28±1.26) mmol/L,TG (1.56±0.53) mmol/L,(1.50±0.49) mmol/L,P＜0.05].After one year's therapy,the difference in intensive lipid lowering group was more obvious than in common group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Intensive lipid lowering therapy is more effective to decrease TC,LDL-C and CIMT and to improve the vascular endothelia function.Atorvastatin is effective to stabilize the plaque and to retard the atheroscleresis development.
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Objective:To explore the effect of angelica polysaccharide(APS)on adhesion molecules expressions in murine hematopoietic cells,in order to provide experimental evidence of APS on hematopoietic regulation and the mechanism of mobilizing.Methods:Techniques of peripheral blood white blood cell(WBC)and bone marrow mononuclear cells(MNC)count were made.Flow cytometry detected the rate of Sca-1~+ cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow and the expression of CD49d (VLA-4 of a chain),CD44 on bone marrow MNC and Sca-1~+ cells.Results:1.In APS group(4mg/kg):the number of peripheral blood WBC and Sca-1~+ cells were markedly higher than that of NS group(P