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Objective:To learn about the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) genotyping of Yersinia pestis in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Yushu for short), Qinghai Province, and to explore its genetic characteristics. Methods:In this study, 44 representative strains isolated from local natural plague focus in Yushu from 1963 to 2007 were selected as experimental objects to extract DNA. Primers targeting the three CRISPR loci (YPa, YPb, and YPc) were designed for PCR amplification. The amplified products were sequenced and analyzed to identify the CRISPR spacer, and to determine the CRISPR genotypes and clusters.Results:Twenty-three spacers including 14 of YPa, 6 of YPb and 3 of YPc were observed among 44 strains, of which 2 spacers (a106 and a107) were firstly identified. According to the spacer arrays, the strains were divided into 15 CRISPR genotypes and classified into 6 CRISPR clusters which were Cb4, Cc3', Ca7, Ca7', CaΔ5' and Ca35', respectively. Among them, Ca7 was the most epidemic dominant cluster (34 strains) in Yushu.Conclusion:The CRISPR loci of Yersinia pestis in Yushu have multiple genotypes, high genetic polymorphism, and complex population structure.
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AIM: To investigate the effects of autotransfusion on immune function and inflammation in patients undergoing cesarean section. METHODS: Ninty patients with high risk hemorrhage (central placenta previa, cicatritic uterus, etc.) who underwent cesarean section were divided into three groups according to the amount of autoblood transfusion, with 30 cases in each group. The control group did not receive autologous blood transfusion, the group with a transfusion volume of 0-400 mL received autologous blood transfusion 0-400 mL, and the group with a transfusion volume of 400-800 mL received autologous blood transfusion 400 -800 mL. Serum levels of HB, RBC, HCT, WBC, CD3
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Objective@#To evaluate the iodine nutritional status of children and pregnant women in non-high iodine areas with different water iodide levels that supplied with standard iodized salt.@*Methods@#In 2016-2018, after excluding high iodine towns, in each county 5 townships were selected according to the east, west, south, north, and middle orientation. If the township was concentrated in water supply, 1 sample of peripheral water was collected; If the water supply was dispersed, collected 10 water well samples in each village to test the water iodine content. And 40 children aged 8-10 years and 20 pregnant women were extracted to collect urine samples and household salt samples, and iodine of urine and salt samples were tested. Children's thyroid volume was examined by B-mode ultrasound. The differences of urinary iodine and child goiter rates among children and pregnant women in different water iodine content areas were analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 1 282 water samples were collected from 30 townships in Xuchang City, and the median water iodine range of townships was 0.80-94.70 μg/L. A total of 1 258 children aged 8-10 years were investigated, and the median salt iodine content of children homes was 26.8 mg/kg, ranging from 0 to 60.9 mg/kg; the median urinary iodine level of children was 211.5 μg/L, and the range was 8.3-833.6 μg/L; 39 children with goiter were examined, and the children's goiter rate was 3.10%. A total of 616 pregnant women were investigated, and the median salt iodine content of pregnant women's homes was 26.9 mg/kg, ranging from 0 to 88.0 mg/kg; the median urinary iodine level of pregnant women was 182.2 μg/L, ranging from 9.7 to 609.6 μg/L. In the areas of the median water iodine 0-< 10, 10-< 50 and 50-100 μg/L, the median urinary iodine of 8-10 years old children were 202.6, 204.0, 320.5 μg/L, respectively, the difference between the three was statistically significant (H=79.89, P < 0.01). And the area of 50-100 μg/L was significantly higher than 0-< 10.0, 10-< 50 μg/L areas (P < 0.01); the children's goiter rate of the three areas was 1.58% (10/634), 4.40% (22/500) and 5.65% (7/124), respectively; the median urinary iodine of pregnant women of the three areas respectively was 177.0, 180.9 and 238.0 μg/L, and the 50-100 μg/L areas was higher than 0-< 10, 10- < 50 μg/L areas(P < 0.01).@*Conclusion@#The current standard iodized salt in non-high iodine areas in Xuchang City is basically suitable for most children and pregnant women with iodine nutrition, but the iodine nutrition of children with water iodine greater than 50 μg/L is excessive.
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Objective To evaluate the iodine nutritional status of children and pregnant women in non-high iodine areas with different water iodide levels that supplied with standard iodized salt. Methods In 2016 - 2018, after excluding high iodine towns, in each county 5 townships were selected according to the east, west, south, north, and middle orientation. If the township was concentrated in water supply, 1 sample of peripheral water was collected;If the water supply was dispersed, collected 10 water well samples in each village to test the water iodine content. And 40 children aged 8 - 10 years and 20 pregnant women were extracted to collect urine samples and household salt samples, and iodine of urine and salt samples were tested. Children's thyroid volume was examined by B-mode ultrasound. The differences of urinary iodine and child goiter rates among children and pregnant women in different water iodine content areas were analyzed. Results A total of 1282 water samples were collected from 30 townships in Xuchang City, and the median water iodine range of townships was 0.80 - 94.70 μg/L. A total of 1258 children aged 8 - 10 years were investigated, and the median salt iodine content of children homes was 26.8 mg/kg, ranging from 0 to 60.9 mg/kg; the median urinary iodine level of children was 211.5 μg/L, and the range was 8.3 - 833.6μg/L; 39 children with goiter were examined, and the children's goiter rate was 3.10％. A total of 616 pregnant women were investigated, and the median salt iodine content of pregnant women's homes was 26.9 mg/kg, ranging from 0 to 88.0 mg/kg; the median urinary iodine level of pregnant women was 182.2 μg/L, ranging from 9.7 to 609.6 μg/L. In the areas of the median water iodine 0 - < 10, 10 - < 50 and 50 - 100 μg/L, the median urinary iodine of 8 - 10 years old children were 202.6, 204.0, 320.5 μg/L, respectively, the difference between the three was statistically significant (H = 79.89, P < 0.01). And the area of 50 - 100 μg/L was significantly higher than 0 - <10.0, 10 - < 50 μg/L areas (P < 0.01); the children's goiter rate of the three areas was 1.58％ (10/634), 4.40％ (22/500) and 5.65％ (7/124), respectively; the median urinary iodine of pregnant women of the three areas respectively was 177.0, 180.9 and 238.0 μg/L, and the 50 - 100 μg/L areas was higher than 0 - < 10, 10 - < 50 μg/L areas(P <0.01). Conclusion The current standard iodized salt in non-high iodine areas in Xuchang City is basically suitable for most children and pregnant women with iodine nutrition, but the iodine nutrition of children with water iodine greater than 50 μg/L is excessive.
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Researches found that compared with continuous aerobic exercise training (CAET) ,high intensity interval training (HIIT) of short interval possessed more benefits for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and low aerobic adaptability ,especially in initial and symptom‐improving stage .Medium and／or long interval HIIT may be beneficial for CHD patients with high aerobic fitness ,which can be used in symptom‐improving and maintenance stage .The present article put forward HIIT (stage II to III ) personalized model for CHD patients and explored more optimal cardiac rehabilitation program according to patients＇clinical state .
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To research on the effect of DC-CIK cells on human lymphoma cell line Raji the immunophenotype of DCCIK cells was analyzed using flow cytometry, and its proliferation inhibition effect was detected using MTT assay. 24 nude mice [4-6 weeks old] were employed and inoculated Raji cells on right axillaries for constructing human Burkitt lymphoma model. MTT results showed that DC-CIK cells had a significant inhibitory effect on Raji cells with obvious dose- and time- dependent effect. Western Blot results confirmed that DC-CIK cells could significantly down regulate the expression of BCL-2 [P<0.05]. DC-CIK cells possesses significant anti-tumor effect on human Burkitt lymphoma bearing nude mice, and down regulation of Raji induced BCL-2 cell apoptosis may be one of the inhibitory mechanisms of DC-CIK cells
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Animals, Laboratory , Dendritic Cells , Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells , Antineoplastic Agents , Cell Line, Tumor , Mice, Nude , Apoptosis , Immunophenotyping , Burkitt LymphomaABSTRACT
Objective@#To observe the expression level of microRNA-181 (miR-181) and importin-α3 in oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced vascular endothelial cell injury models, and explore the effect and mechanism of miR-181 on endothelial cell injury.@*Methods@#Human vein endothelial cell line CRL-1730 were cultured and vascular endothelial cell injury model was established by intervention with ox-LDL. The cells were divided into control group (intervened by double distilled water), low-dose group (intervened by 10 μg/ml ox-LDL) and high-dose group (intervened by 20 μg/ml ox-LDL). In addition, cells of low-dose group were divided into miR-181 mimic group (miR-181 mimic was transfected) and mimic control group (miR-181 mimic control was transfected). Cell viabilities, mRNA and protein expression level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), miR-181, importin-α3, and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) were measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively.@*Results@#(1) The cell viabilities in low-dose group and high-dose group were lower than control group (0.207±0.012 and 0.204±0.007 vs. 0.323±0.018, all P<0.01). The relative IL-6 mRNA expression in low-dose group and high-dose group were higher than control group (1.24±0.16 and 1.36±0.23 vs. 0.22±0.03, all P<0.01). The relative miR-181 mRNA expression in low-dose group and high-dose group were lower than control group (0.91±0.11 and 0.88±0.07 vs. 2.20±0.13, all P<0.01). The relative importin-α3 mRNA expression in low-dose group and high-dose group were higher than control group (1.23±0.22 and 0.55±0.03 vs. 0.44±0.06, all P<0.01). The relative NF-κB mRNA expression in low-dose group and high-dose group were higher than control group (1.67±0.34 and 0.41±0.11 vs. 0.11±0.04, all P<0.01). The relative importin-α3 protein expression in low-dose group and high-dose group were higher than control group (1.44±0.23 and 1.31±0.22 vs. 0.29±0.08, all P<0.01). The relative NF-κB protein expression in low-dose group and high-dose group were higher than control group (0.43±0.05 and 0.37±0.04 vs. 0.16±0.03, all P<0.01). (2)The cell viabilities in miR-181 mimic group was higher than in mimic control group (0.262±0.008 vs. 0.211±0.021, P<0.01). The relative miR-181 mRNA expression level in miR-181 mimic group was higher than in mimic control group (4.23±0.34 vs. 0.88±0.16, P<0.01). The relative importin-α3 mRNA expression level in miR-181 mimic group was lower than in mimic control group (0.24±0.03 vs. 1.08±0.13, P<0.01). The relative NF-κB mRNA expression level was lower in miR-181 mimic group than in mimic control group (0.13±0.03 vs. 0.51±0.06, P<0.01). The relative importin-α3 protein expression level was lower in miR-181 mimic group than in mimic control group (0.34±0.06 vs. 1.67±0.26, P<0.01). The relative NF-κB protein expression level was lower in miR-181 mimic group than in mimic control group (0.43±0.02 vs. 1.53±0.36, P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Lower miR-181 expression but higher importin-α3 and its downstream NF-κB signaling are associated with ox-LDL induced vascular endothelial cell injury and up-regulation of miR-181 could alleviate ox-LDL induced vascular endothelial cell injury possibly via importin-α3/NF-κB pathway.
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Objective: To explore sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine receptor2 (RyR 2) expression and calcium releasing function in chronic heart failure (CHF) rabbits and to study the impact of long term valsartan treatment in relevant animals. Methods: HF model was established by volume overloading with pressure overloading in experimental rabbits. 27 rabbits were divided into 3 groups: Sham group, HF group and HF+valsartan group. n=9 in each group and the animals were treated for 7 weeks. Left ventricular structure, hemodynamic parameters, expression and functional changes of myocardiocyte sarcoplasmic reticulum RyR 2 were observed and compared among different groups. Results: Compared with Sham group, HF group had increased left ventricular mess index (LVMI), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and decreased left ventricular shortening fraction, LVEF, all P<0.05. Compared with HF group, HF+valsartan group showed decreased LVMI, LVEDP and increased left ventricular shortening fraction, LVEF, all P<0.05. Sarcoplasmic reticulum RyR 2 expression and calcium releasing function were lower in HF group than Sham group, P<0.05; while they were both higher in HF+valsartan group than HF group, P<0.05. Conclusion: Long term application of valsartan could improve the cardiac function which might be related to increased myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum RyR 2 expression and calcium releasing function in experimental CHF rabbits.
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Objective To investigate the influence of sevoflurane and propofol on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods Sixty elderly patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our hospital from March 2016 to September 2016 were selected and divided into the sevoflurane group(S) and propofol group (P),30 cases in each group.Postoperative mini-mental state examination(MMSE) score and occurrence rate of postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD) were compared between two groups.Results The MMSE score at T0 had no statistical difference between the two groups;the MMSE score at T1 and T2 in the group S was significantly lower than that in the group P,moreover the occurrence rate of POCD at T1 in the group S was significantly higher than that in the group P;The MMSE score and POCD occurrence rate at T3 had no statistical difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).The MMSE score at T1,T2 and T3 in the group S was significantly decreased compared with that at T0 (P＜0.05);the MMSE score at T1 and T2 in the group P was significantly decreased compared with that at T0 (P＜ 0.05),and which at T3 was gradually recovered.Conclusion Compared with propofol,sevoflurane has more significant and persistent influence on POCD occurrence.
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Objective To investigate the influence of sevoflurane and propofol on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods Sixty elderly patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our hospital from March 2016 to September 2016 were selected and divided into the sevoflurane group(S) and propofol group (P),30 cases in each group.Postoperative mini-mental state examination(MMSE) score and occurrence rate of postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD) were compared between two groups.Results The MMSE score at T0 had no statistical difference between the two groups;the MMSE score at T1 and T2 in the group S was significantly lower than that in the group P,moreover the occurrence rate of POCD at T1 in the group S was significantly higher than that in the group P;The MMSE score and POCD occurrence rate at T3 had no statistical difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).The MMSE score at T1,T2 and T3 in the group S was significantly decreased compared with that at T0 (P＜0.05);the MMSE score at T1 and T2 in the group P was significantly decreased compared with that at T0 (P＜ 0.05),and which at T3 was gradually recovered.Conclusion Compared with propofol,sevoflurane has more significant and persistent influence on POCD occurrence.
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_ Objective_ To study whether quinoid dihydropteridine reductase ( QDPR ) expression level change can affect oxidative stress of NRK-52E renal tubular cells in a high glucose environment. Methods The NRK-52E model of overexpression, knockdown QDPR gene and respective control were constructed by lentivirus. All groups were given 5. 4 mmol/L and 30 mmol/L glucose culture medium respectively to imitate normal and high glucose condition. The level of superoxide anion ( O-2 ) was detected by flow cytometer dihydroethidium method. The protein expression level of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)was tested by Western blot. Results QDPR over-expression can decrease O-2(P<0. 01)and SOD1(P<0. 05)levels in high glucose condition;QDPR knockdown increases O-2(P<0. 01) and does not change SOD1. Conclusion Under high glucose condition, overexpression of QDPR gene decreases NRK-52E cell oxidative stress. Knockdown QDPR gene increases NRK-52E cell oxidative stress. QDPR gene may influence the development of diabetic nephropathy by oxidative stress.
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Objective To investigate the protective effects ofDasangju Mixture on the liver injury induced by delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice; To discuss its mechanism of anti-inflammatory-immunity.Methods After enterocoelia intravenous injection of cyclophosphamide was used, 2,4,6-picryl chloride was used twice for exterior coating for skin of abdomen to cause sensation of skin. Then percutaneous transhepatic puncture was used to attack for modeling. Male Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank group, model group, high-, medium- and low-dose treatment groups. The high-, medium- and low-dose treatment groups were given Dasangju Mixture for gavage, once a day for 7 days. ELISA was applied to determine the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alamine aminotransferase (ALT) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Pathological features of liver tissue were observed by HE staining.Results Compared with the blank group, the levels of AST, ALT and TNF-α in the model group increased significantly (P<0.05); Compared with the model group, the levels of AST, ALT and TNF-α in the high-, medium- and low-dose treatment groups decreased significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001); Compared with the model group, high-, medium- and low-dose treatment groups can better alleviate topical inflammation infiltration and edema of liver tissue.ConclusionDasangju Mixture has certain protective effects on the liver injury induced by delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice.
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Objective: To explore the changes of protein expression and activity of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMK-II) in myocardium nucleus and sarcoplasmic reticulum in experimental rabbits with heart failure (HF). Methods: A total of 16 rabbits were divided into 2 groups: Sham group and HF group, the HF model was established by volume overload plus pressure overload.n=8 in each group and all animals were treated for 7 weeks. Left ventricular structure, hemodynamic parameters and protein expression and activity of CaMK-II in myocardium nucleus and sarcoplasmic reticulum were examined and compared between 2 groups. Results: Compared with Sham group, HF group presented increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (1.32 ± 0.06) g/kg vs (3.61 ± 0.09) g/kg, LVEDP (-1.50 ± 0.50) mmHg vs (23.00 ± 2.37) mmHg, allP Conclusion: Increased protein expression and activity of CaMK-II in myocardium nucleus and sarcoplasmic reticulum might be one of the mechanisms for HF occurrence in experimental rabbits.
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Objective To select an efficient ion exchange resin to purify the 60Co contaminated well-water for storing radioactive source and to ensure the radioactivity of 60Co in treated well-water below 10 Bq/L.Methods The radioactivity of 60Co in the water samples was measured by using the potassium cobaltinitrite coprecipitation-β counting method.The treatment efficiencies of two different ion exchange resins for the simulated 60Co-bearing waste water were compared to select a better one to dispose of the 60Co contaminated well-water.Results The treatment efficiency of MBD-15-SC mixed ion exchange resin was about 5.8 times higher than ZGCNR50 strong-acid cation exchange resin.The radioactivity of 60Co in the contaminated well-water could be reduced from 4.16 × 105 Bq/L to 1.16 Bq/L by two-stage sorption of MBD-15-SC mixed ion exchange resin.Conclusions Using several times of two-stage MBD-15-SC mixed ion exchange resin could effectively purify the 60Co contaminated well-water.The quality of the treated well-water could meet the sewage discharge standards.
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Objective To analyze the changes of thyroid function of healthy primipara before 20 weeks of gestation to establish normal gestational age-specific reference interval of thyroid hormones,and to investigate the prevalence of maternal thyroid disorders during the first half of pregnancy.Methods A total of 1605 healthy primipara without risk factors of thyroid diseases before 20 gestational weeks and 200 non-pregnant healthy women who accepted pre-conception care in Beijing Friendship Hospital from September 2010 to June 2011 were tested for serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid peroxidase antihody (TPOAb) by chemiluminometric immunoanalysis.One thousand two hundred and fourty-three pregnant women among them with negative thyroid antibooly and without previons thyroid diseases were selected as the standard population for normal interval.Gestational age-specific percentile categories for TSH and FT4 were calculated.The prevalence of maternal thyroid disorders was examined by gestational agespecific intervals.Results (1) Compared with non-pregnant women,the median value of serum TSH in pregnant women decreased by 29.56％ to the value of 0.91 mU/L; while that of FT4 rose by 7.79％ to the value of 11.33 pmol/L before 12 weeks; and TSH increased while FT4 decreased during 13 to 20 weeks.(2) The median values and reference intervals (2.5th percentile,97.5th percentile) for TSH were 1.59 mU/L (0.15 mU/L,5.19 mU/L) in no-pregnant women,1.12 mU/L (0.03 mU/L,3.67 mU/L) at 8-12+6 gestational weeks,1.21 mU/L (0.05 mU/L,3.74 mU/L) at 13-16+6 gestational weeks,1.50 mU/L (0.31 mU/L,4.33 mU/L) at 17-19+6 gestational weeks; and the median values and reference intervals (2.5th percentile,97.5th percentile) for FT4 were 9.91 pmol/L (6.69 pmol/L,14.03 pmol/L),10.68 pmol/L (7.98 pmol/L,18.66 pmol/L),10.04 pmol/L (6.18 pmol/L,16.22 pmol/L),9.40 pmol/L (6.44 pmol/L,13.51 pmol/L) respectively.(3) According to gestational age-specific reference intervals,the general prevalence of maternal thyroid disorders,including hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism,subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroinemia,was 3.55％ (57/1606).At 8-12+6 gestational weeks,13-16+6 gestational weeks and 17 19+6 gestational weeks,the occurrence of hyperthyroidism was 0.00％,0.13％ and 0.00％;that of hypothyroidism was 0.00％,0.13％ and 0.00％; the incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 3.60％,2.76％ and 3.00％; the occurrence of hypothyroxinemia was 0.16％,0.26％ and 0.86％,respectively.The positive rate of TPOAb at 8-12+6,13-16+6 and 17-19+6 gestational weeks were 22.91％ (140/611),16.56％ (126/761) and 15.45％(36/233),and the total positive rate of TPOAb was 18.82％ (302/1605).The median level of TPOAb was 38.90,41.87 and 39.10 mU/L,respectively.Conclusions Before 20 gestational weeks,specific changes occur in maternal thyroid function.TSH level decreases during 8 to 12 gestational weeks,and then increases gradually; while FT4 level increases during 8 to 12 weeks,and then decreases gradually.Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is common and subclinical hypothyroidisum is the leading problem in thyroid disorders.Screening for thyroid function during early pregnancy is suggested.
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Objective To study Tephroseris Kirilowii Turez.Houlub extract on cell cycle and apoptosis marker AnnexinV/PI of U266 in vitro..Methods U266 cells were cultured together with Tephroseris Kirilowii Turez.Houlub extract.Cell cycle and apoptosis marker AnnexinV/PI were detected by flow cytometry(FCM).Results After exposure of U266 cells to Tephroseris Kirilowii Turez.Houlub extract.the cell cycle distribution was changed.There Was a decrease of cells in the G0/G1 phase with an increase of cells in the S phase and G2/M phase and apoptosis.FCM with staining of Annexix V FITC/PI showed a dependence of apoptotic cells with the dosage of Tephroseris Kirilowii Turez.Houlub extract.Conclusion Tephroseris Kirilowii Turez extract has strong cell apoptosis effect on U266 cells.
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Objective To study cytotoxic and antineoplastic effect in vitro of tephroseris kirilowii turez, houlub extract on U266 multiple myeloma cell line. Methods U266 cells were cocultured with the tephroseris kirilowii turez, houlub extract. Cytotoxicity assay was used by CCK-8 detection kit. Cell cycle and apoptosis were determined using flow cytometry(FCM) analysis. Results Extract of tephroseris kirilowii turez, houlub showed strong cytotoxicity against U266 cells.The IC50 was about 3.2 mg/L. After exposure of U266 cells to the drug, the distribution of cell cycle was changed compared with that of the controls. When the durg concentration was 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L. respectively, the pencentages of cells in the G0/G1 phase were decreased with (34.12±0.49) %, (38.06 ± 0.63) % , (27.46±0.61) %, (15.91±0.32) %, respectively, while those in the S phase were increased with (4.98± 0.50) %, (4.01±0.22) %, (4.16±0.15) % and (5.04±0.12) % in G2/ M phase were increased with (50.05 ±1.12) %, (51.27±0.71) %, (51.84±0.73) % and (55.11±0.25) %, respectively, and apoptosis cells were increased. Apoptosis of U266 cells inadose-depadeut manner could be deteted with staining of Annexix V FITC/PI testing through FCM. Conclusion Tephroseris kirilowii turez extract showed strong cytotoxic effect on U266 cells. The antineoplsastic mechanism of the drug can be partly due to its induced apoptotic effect.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of baicalin against Candida albicans germ tube formation, and adherence to buccal epitherial and vaginal epitherial cells.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Various concentrations of baicalin (100, 50, 10 mg x L(-1)) were incubated with C. albicans suspension, the mixed suspension of C. albicans and human buccal epitherial cells, the mixed suspension of C. albicans and vaginal epitherial cells, respectively. The effects of baicalin on C. albicans germ tube formation, and adherence to buccal epitherial and vaginal epitherial cells were then assessed microscopically.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>All concentrations of baicalin could inhibit C. albicans germ tube formation, and adherent to buccal epitherial and vaginal epitherial cells,while there was no significant difference between standard and clinical strains.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Baicalin could inhibit C. albicans germ tube formation, and adherence to buccal epitherial and vaginal epitherial cells.</p>