A research on the assessment of color Doppler ultrasound combined with ultrasonic elastography for curative effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer / 中国医学装备

Objective:To evaluate the value of color Doppler ultrasound combined with ultrasonic elastography for curative effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer.Methods: 100 patients with breast cancer who has received NAC were divided intoobservation group (50 cases, underwent examination of color Doppler ultrasound scanner combined with ultrasonic elastography) and control group (50 cases, only underwent examination of color Doppler ultrasound scanner) according to the different examination methods. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of differential diagnosis methods for curative effect of NAC between the two groups were compared as above data.Results: The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of differential diagnosis for curative effect of NAC in observation group were 88.00％, 90.00％ and 86.00％, respectively. While them of control group were 78.00％, 80.00％ and 76.00％, respectively. And the differences of these indicators between the two groups were statistically significant (x2=2.01,x2=3.24,x2=3.45, P<0.05).Conclusions: Color Doppler ultrasound combined with ultrasound elastography can diagnose the curative effect of NAC for patients with breast cancer from two aspects which includes tissue hardness and blood supply, and it can achieve more diagnostic accuracy compared with only using simple color Doppler ultrasound.

The role of Th9, Th17 and Treg cells on pathogenesis of nasal polyps / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression levels of Th9, Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and explore the role of Th9, Th17 and Treg cells in the progression of CRSwNP.@*METHOD@#Forty-six cases with CRSwNP served as an experimental group, while 22 cases with simple nasal bleeding or nasal septum deviation served as a control group. The peripheral blood of patients in both groups was collected and analyzed. (1) Using flow cytometry (FCM) to detect the expression rates of Th9, Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood. (2) Using qRT-PCR to detect the expression of relevant transcription factor of Th9, Th17 and Treg cells (IL-9mRNA, PU. 1, IRF-4, RoRc, and Foxp3). (3) Using SPSS16.0 to analyse the differentiations and the revelance among these three cells.@*RESULT@#(1) The expression rates of Th9 and Th17 cells in patients with CRSwNP (1.29% ± 0.18%, 4.03% ± 0.69%) was higher than the control group (0.45% ± 0.14%, 1.35% ± 0.26%). But the expression rates of Treg cells in the experimental group (2.98% ± 0.13%) was significantly lower than the control group (5.44% ± 0.57%). The differences were statistically significant (P 0.05), and the negative correlation was found between Th17 and Treg (r = -0.549, P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The high expression level of Th9 and Th17 cells might promote the development of NP, whereas the low expression level of Treg cells might further aggravate the occurrence of NP. The main function of the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells may be immune regulation in the pathogenesis of nasal polys.

DJ-1 regulates the function of mitochondria in Parkinson’s disease / 中国药理学通报

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the process of PD, DJ-1 participates in regulating the function of mitochondria,which has an effect on the protection of mitochon-dria. DJ-1 mutations can lead to the decrease of the activity of mitochondrial complex Ⅰ, the decrease of mitochondrial mem-brane potential and then mitochondrial fragmention and mitoph-agy, and then further damage neurons and trigger PD. This re-view presents the role of DJ-1 in regulating the function of the mitochondria in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease(PD).

Changes in 20S proteasome acitivities in brain and spinal cord of acute and chronic morphine-dependent mice / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the changes in 20S proteasome activities in the brain and spinal cord of acute and chronic morphine-dependent mice.Metbods Male ICR mice,weighing 25-30 g,were used in the study.The experiment was performed in 2 parts.In experiment Ⅰ,16 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and acute morphine dependence group (AMD group).In experiment Ⅱ,16 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and chronic morphine dependence group (CMD group).Acute morphine dependence was induced with morphine 100 mg/kg injected subcutaneously,and the mice were sacrificed 3 h later.Chronic morphine dependence was induced by increasing doses of morphine for 4 days,the initial dose of morphine was 20 mg/kg injected subcutaneously twice a day and was increased by 10 mg/kg every day,the dose of morphine was 10 mg/kg injected subcutaneously on 5th day,and then the mice were sacrificed 1 h later.In group C,the equal volume of normal saline was given instead,and the other treatments were similar to those previously described in morphine dependence groups.After the mice were sacrificed,the hippocampus,prefrontal cortex,striatum and spinalcord were isolated for determination of 20S proteasome activity,measured as chymotrypsin-like (ChT-L),trypsin-like (T-L) and peptidylglutamyl-like hydrolyzing (PGLH) activities.Results Experiment Ⅰ Compared with C group,PGLH activity in the spinal cord and T-L activity in the striatum or prefrontal cortex were significantly weakened in group AMD.There was no significant difference in 20S proteasome activity in the hippocampus between the two groups.Experiment Ⅱ Compared with C group,ChT-L and T-L activities in the spinal cord were significantly weakened,and PGLH activity in the striatum was enhanced in CMD group.There was no significant difference in 20S proteasome activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus between the two groups.Conclusion 20S proteasome activity in the spinal cord and brain is weakened in acute morphine-dependent mice,20S proteasome activity in the spinal cord is weakened,20S proteasome activity in the striatum is enhanced in chronic morphine-dependent mice,these changes have specificity in terms of position and type of activity,and the changes mentioned above may be related to development of morphine dependence in mice.

The expression of IL-9, IL-17 and Foxp3 in nasal polyps / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the expression of IL-9, IL-17 and Foxp3 in nasal polyps,so that to explore the role of Th9, Th17/Treg cells imbalance in pathogenesis of nasal polyposis.@*METHOD@#Forty cases of nasal polyps and 20 cases of normal middle turbinate mucosa (controls) were involved in this study. The expression patterns of IL-9, IL-17 and Foxp3 were detected by immunohistochemistry.@*RESULT@#The positive rates of IL-9 and IL-17 in nasal polyps tissues were respectively 75.0% and 80.0%, which were both significantly higher than those in the controls (positive rates were 35.0% and 50.0%, respectively), but the Foxp3 expression was downregulated in nasal polyps tissues (37.5%) compared to the controls (80.0%), P < 0.05 respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The cytokines IL-9 and IL-17 are obviously involved in the occurrence and development of nasal polyposis, suggesting remarkable infiltration of Th9 and Th17/Treg imbalance exist in nasal polyps, both of which may play important roles in pathogenesis of nasal polyposis.

Delayed abscess of nasal septum caused by bipolar coagulation treatment for nosebleed: a case report / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Clinical manifestation bipolar coagulation treatment for nosebleed. The patient was affected by nasal obstruction, fever and headache three weeks after operation. Clinical and laboratory examination nasal septum's bilateralism knuckle, soft quality, puncture with purulent secretion. Diagnose: abscess of nasal septum.

Functional multineuron calcium imaging technology and its application prospect in neuropharmacology / 中国药理学通报

Functional multineuron calcium imaging(fMCI)is an optical recording technique to monitor neuron population action potentials in the spatiotemporal pattern by recording calcium signal changes in neurons.The review describes the technology of fMCI and its application prospect in neuropharmacology research.fMCI provides a kind of powerful tool to analyze various functions of brain and to research some central nervous system drug mechanism based on neural network.

Caffeic acid (CA) protects cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) from apoptosis induced by neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridnium (MPP~+) / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To assess the effects of caffeic acid (CA) on MPP + induced cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) apoptosis. Methods: CGNs were pretreated with caffeic acid at 55, 110 and 220 ?mol/L for 6 h, then treated with 100 ?mol/L MPP + for 24 h (concentration effect relationship). In addition CGNs were pretreated with caffeic acid at 110 ?mol/L for 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, respectively, then treated with 100 ?mol/L MPP + for 24 h (time response relationship). Besides, after treatment with MPP + for 24 h, CGNs were incubated with caffeic acid at 55, 110 and 220 ?mol/L,respectively. Cell viability was determined by 3 (4,5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and caspase 3 activity was assayed by caspase 3 fluorometric assay kit. Results: MTT assay revealed that caffeic acid significantly inhibited cell viability decrease induced by MPP +, and caspase 3 fluorometric assay showed that caffeic acid efficiently suppressed caspase 3 activation in CGNs induced by MPP +. Conclusion: Caffeic acid (CA) can significantly protect CGNs from apoptosis induced by MPP + and may provide a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Method studies of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of serum / 中国药理学通报

Aim To establish an ideal two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis( 2-DE) method for serum proteomic research. Methods The 2-DE experiment of serum was opti-mized by adjusting the conditions of sample pretreatment and silver nitrate staining. Results An ideal 2-DE experiment method with higher repetition was established. The number of protein spots and the resolution were both increased,and this method was compatible with MS analysis. Conclusion After the adjustments and optimizations,an ideal method of 2-DE technique for serum is established,which has a high reference value for the relevant researches,and lays an experimental foundation for the search,analysis as well as identification of the disease related proteins in serum.

DJ-1 gene:a new potential target of drugs for Parkinson's disease / 中国药理学通报

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease commonly found in middle-aged and elderly people,and its onset is attributable to both genetic and environmental factors. The gene mutation and oxidative damage of DJ-1 correlate with familial and sporadic PD,respectively. The mechanisms by which DJ-1 gene mutation and oxidative damage lead to PD include oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction and proteasome dysfunction.Furthermore,DJ-1 is a biomarker of sporadic PD and it may become a new potential target of anti-PD drugs.

The application of proteomics technology in drug study / 中国药理学通报

Recently,the techniques for proteomics have made remarkable progress.They are widely used in various fields of life sciences,providing strong technical supports for relevant researches.Especially,proteomics technology has made prominent contributions to drug development and mechanism studies,magnificently improving the efficiency of discovering new drugs.This paper summarizes the classical method and new technology of proteomics.Also,its applications in drug study,including targets screening,mechanism studies,drug toxicology,researches of resistance mechanisms and clinical medical studies have been reviewed.

Induction of rat cerebellar granular neuron apoptosis by 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium cation / 中草药

Object To establish a rat cerebellar granular neuron (CGN) apoptosis model by 1 methy 4 phenyl pyridinium cation (MPP +) Methods Rat CGN were treated with MPP + and the resulting cell morphology examined by methyl green pyronine staining, agarose gel electrophorsis of DNA and flow cytometry Results MPP + at the concentration of 50 ? mol/L can induce CGNs apoptosis of the established model Conclusion The CGNs apoptosis model induced by MPP + can be used for the study on regulatory mechanism of cell apoptosis and the screening of antiparkinsonian drugs

Establishment of a sub-chronic model of vascular calcification induced by hypervitaminosis D_3 united with nicotine / 中国药理学通报

Aim To establish a rat aortic calcification sub-chronic model induced by vitamin D3 and nicotine.Methods The vascular calcification model was produced by vitamin D3(300 kIU?kg-1,im) plus nicotine(25 mg?kg-1,5 ml?kg-1,po).Rat body weight and blood pressure were monitored on a regular basis.Ratio of heart to body weight,plasma calcium,plasma phosphate content,vascular calcium content,Von Kossa staining,activity of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and 45Ca deposition in aorta were measured as the index of calcification at the 8th and the 16th week.Results Compared with control group,the VDN group rats showed higher values of blood pressure from the 3rd week(all P

Application of proteomics in the study of molecular mechanism of morphine dependence / 中国药理学通报

Proteomics has been applied in a wide range of biomedical research.However,the application of proteomics in studying the molecular mechanism of morphine dependence is only at a preliminary stage.This article introduced the application of proteomics techniques in the study of the molecular mechanism of morphine dependence and the discovery of several potential molecular markers of morphine dependence,which affirmed the importance and potential of proteomics in this research area.Also,it was pointed out that the major tasks of current proteomic study of morphine dependence should include establishing animal and cell models of morphine dependence,selecting appropriate sample source and improving proteomics techniques,so that proteomics can serve as a new approach in the study of morphine dependence to discover new therapeutic targets.

Effects of echinacoside on protein expression from substantia nigra and striatal tissue in mouse MPTP model of Parkinsons disease by using 2-dimensional electrophoresis analysis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effect of echinacoside on behavior and proteins expression from substantia nigra and striatal tissue in MPTP mouse model of Parkinsons disease(PD)and discover the mechanism of its potential dopaminergic neuroprotective effect in the protein level.Methods The mouse model of PD was induced by 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)and the behavioral analysis of C57BL/6 mice was performed by using spontaneous movement and rotarod test.A proteomic approach based on 2-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE),mass spectrometry(MS)and figure analysis was used to evaluate the effect of echinacoside on the behavior and the protein expression in substantia nigra and striatal tissue in C57BL/6 mice after MPTP administration.Results ① Compared with control,MPTP lesion significantly reduced the number of spontaneous movement and latent period of mice on the rotating rod(both P

Neuroprotective effect of acteoside against rotenone-induced damage of SH-SY5Y cells and its possible mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the neuroprotective effect of acteoside against rotenone-induced cell damage in SH-SY5Y cells and the effect of acteoside on the expression of Parkinson disease (PD)-related proteins Parkin and ?-Synuclein(?-Syn), and to discover the underlying molecular mechanism of neuroprotection by acteoside. Methods The activity of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) was measured by spectroscopy. Expressions of Parkin and ?-Syn were studied using Western blot analysis, and the distribution of ?-Syn was analyzed using immunofluorescence technique. Results ① Acteoside (10, 20 or 40 mg?L-1) pretreatment for 6 h markedly reduced the release of LDH induced by 0.5 ?mol ?L-1 rotenone; ② Treatment with 0.5 ?mol?L-1 rotenone for 48 h led to significant Parkin cleavage and increased formation of ?-Syn protein dimer; ③ Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with acteoside (10, 20 or 40 mg?L-1) for 6 h markedly reduced the cleavage of Parkin induced by 0.5 ?mol?L-1 rotenone in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited the aggregation of ?-Syn and decreased ?-Syn-positive SH-SY5Y cells. Conclusion These findings suggest that pretreatment of acteoside has a potent neuroprotective effect against rotenone-induced SH-SY5Y cells damage and its mechanism might involve in reducing the cleavage of Parkin and inhibitng ?-Syn expression induced by rotenone.

Protective effect of acteoside on rotenone-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate whether acteoside can protect the dopaminergic(neurons,)(SH-SY5Y)(cells,) from rotenone-induced apoptosis.Methods Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay.The neurons were stained with the fluorescent dye,Hoechst 33342,to analyze the nuclear change.Flow cytometry was used to determine neuronal apoptotic peak quantitatively.The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) was monitored using the fluorescent probe 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate(DCFH-DA).Results ①SH-SY5Y cells treated with 0.5 ?mol ?L~(-1) rotenone for 48 h had a significantly decrease on cell viability compared with control,and the percentage of apoptosis was increased to 47.39%.The cell bodies of most cells shrinked and the dendrites of most cells became shorten or broken.Meanwhile,the shrinkage,condensation and cleavage of nuclei in most cells could be observed.The level of intracellular oxygen species was enhanced.② The preincubation with acteoside(10,20 or 40 mg?L~(-1)),one of the phenylethanoids isolated from Cistanche salsa,for 6 h enhanced the cell viability,and improved the rotenone-induced cell morphological change.Moreover,the percentage of apoptosis was significantly decreased to 25.87%,23.97% and 10.45% in a dose-dependent manner.The enhancement of ROS induced by rotenone was inhibited by 20 mg?L~(-1) acteoside.Conclusion These results demonstrate that acteoside can protect SH-SYSY cells against rotenone-induced apoptosis.The neuroprotective effect might be related with the function that acteoside can reduce the level of ROS.

Effects of propofol on membrane fluidity and intracellular free Ca~(2+)concentration in PC12 cells / 中国药理学通报

AIM To study the effects of propofol on membrane fluidity and intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in PC12 cells and discuss its relevant mechanism. METHODS PC12 cell lines were divided into seven groups: control, solvent and propofols(1,3,10,30,100 mg?L -1 ). Fluorescence depolarization method was used to measure dynamically microviscosity in PC12 cells and [Ca 2+ ] i was detected using calcium fluorescentprobe Fluo 3/AM and a laser scanning confocal microscope. RESULTS ①Acute administration of various doses of propofol induced a significant decrease of microviscosity in PC12 cells dose dependenty. ② Solvent, propofol at dose of 10 mg?L -1 had no effect on [Ca 2+ ] i in PC12 cells, however, after 30 and 100 mg?L -1 administration, [Ca 2+ ] i increased markedly at 20～30 seconds (increase percentage were 119% and 140% respectively) and then recovered to their pre administration levels within 50 seconds. CONCLUSION The propofol can significantly increase membrane fluidity in PC12 cells in a dose dependent manner and elevate [Ca 2+ ] i in PC12 cells at doses of 30 and 100 mg?L -1 . These changes are consistent with each other and related closely with anesthetic effect of propofol.

The progress in the proteomics researches of central nervous system diseases and drugs / 中国药理学通报

To elucidate the latest progress of proteomics research of central nervous system diseases and drugs. Proteomics , an important discipline in postgenomic era, is the integrated study of protein properties on a large scale. Currently, the best established application of proteomics are in the clinical and biomedical fields. Proteomics will facilitate the elucidation of network mechanism of the development, progress and prognosis of central nervous system diseases. Proteomics offer a unique opportunity to identify disease specific proteins, accelerate the development of target driven drugs, build up molecular pharmacological models, screen and analysis of the efficacy, toxicity and side effects of potential drugs on a large scale. It is predictable that proteomics will play a tremendous role for the diagnosis, detection and pharmaceutical development of central nervous system diseases.