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Objective@#To investigate the status of hair loss and analyze the influencing factors among university students in Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into the management of hair loss among university students.@*Methods@#University students were recruited using a convenient sampling method from 4 universities in Hangzhou City in June 2021. The basic characteristics and life styles were collected using online questionnaire surveys. Self-reported hair loss was evaluated using the grading scales for loss of hair (Hamilton-Norwood scale for males and modified Ludwig scale for females), and factors affecting self-reported hair loss were identified among university students using the multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#A total of 1 060 questionnaires were allocated, and 1 038 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.92%. The respondents included 391 males ( 37.67% ) and 647 females ( 62.33% ), and 463 respondents ( 44.61% ) reported hair loss, including 431 students with mild hair loss ( 93.09% ). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that university students in their fourth or fifth years ( OR=1.721, 95%CI: 1.126-2.630 ), art specialty ( OR=0.411, 95%CI: 0.207-0.816 ), overweight or obesity (OR=1.685, 95%CI: 1.050-2.704), diet taste ( sweet: OR=2.131, 95%CI: 1.370-3.316; spicy: OR=1.510, 95%CI: 1.028-2.218; greasy: OR=3.023, 95%CI: 2.015-4.537 ), feeling nervous/anxious (occasionally: OR=1.891, 95%CI: 1.087-3.289; frequently: OR=2.487, 95%CI: 1.337-4.626 ), smoking ( occasionally: OR=1.906, 95%CI: 1.067-3.405; frequently: OR=1.983, 95%CI: 1.050-3.746), family history of hair loss ( OR=1.506, 95%CI: 1.075-2.110 ), perming/dyeing hair ( occasionally: OR=1.795, 95%CI: 1.280-2.517; frequently: OR=3.282, 95%CI: 1.736-6.204), self-perceived oily hair/scalp in the past three months (slightly increased: OR=1.980, 95%CI: 1.477-2.653; significantly increased: OR=5.347, 95%CI: 2.956-9.670) were factors affecting self-reported hair loss among university students.@*Conclusion@#The proportion of self-reported hair loss was 44.61% among university students in Hangzhou City, and hair loss was predominantly mild. A family history of hair loss, nervousness/anxiety, diet habits, smoking and frequency of perm/dyeing hair may affect hair loss among university students.
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Objective To survey on fluorosis awareness of children aged 8 - 12 in coal-burning type endemic fluorosis in key diseased districts of Guizhou Province, and to provide a basis for school health education. Methods In 2014, five towns were selected according to five locations as east, south, west, north and center of 23 key diseased districts of Guizhou Province, one complete primary school in each town was chosen to survey on fluorosis awareness of all the children aged 8 - 12. At the same time, datas of fluorosis knowledge awareness of 23 counties in 2010 were collected and compared with the results of this survey. Results In 2014, the students awareness knowledge on endemic fluorosis was 84.21% (247518/293940). The awareness of 9 counties was higher than 90%, 5 counties ranged from 80% to 90%, and 9 counties lower than 80%. Compared with 2010 (awareness:96.58%), 21.74%(5/23) of the counties with increased awareness, and 78.26%(18/23) of the counties with decreased awareness. In overall qustionnaines object, the awareness rates of fluorosis prevention, correct use of coal-fired stoves, correct maintenance method of coal-fired stoves, method of avoid soot pollution food were 81.91% (48154/58788), 83.72%(82026/97980), 85.11%(66709/78384), and 86.12%(50629/58788), respectively. The awareness rates of children aged 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 were 80.47%(32359/40215), 83.36%(52581/63075), 85.04%(53882/63360), 84.79% (53328/ 62895), and 85.98% (55368/64395), respectively, the differences were statistically significant (χ2=658.93, P0.05).Conclusions The awareness rate of children aged 8 - 12 in key diseased districts of Guizhou Province is decreased. Work on school health education should be continued, to consolidate control outcomes.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8-12 in coalburning-borne endemic fluorosis areas in 23 counties in Guizhou Province,and to evaluate the effects of prevention and control measures.Methods In 2014,five towns were selected according to their location of the east,the south,the west,the north and the center of the 23 counties,one primary school in each town was chosen.All the students aged 8-12 in each school were selected,according to the Diagnosis of Dental Fluorosis (WS/T 208-2011),dental fluorosis was examined.At the same time,the detection rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 was investigated in 23 counties in 2000 and 2007.Analysis and comparison of the data in 2000,2007 and 2014 were done.Results The total detectable rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 was 32.31％ (5 803/17 962).The detection rate of 3 counties was lower than 15％,12 counties ranged from 15％ to 30％ and 8 counties more than 30％.Very light,mild,moderate,and severe cases of dental fluorosis cases accounted for 48.39％ (2 808/5 803),30.43％ (1 766/5 803),15.16％ (880/5 803) and 6.01％ (349/5 803).Male and female children's overall detection rate was 33.05％ (3 083/9 329) and 31.51％ (2 720/8 633),the difference was statistically significant (x2=4.86,P ＜ 0.05).The detection rates of dental fluorosis of children aged 8,9,10,11 and 12 were 17.79％ (224/1 259),26.02％ (871/3 348),30.28％ (1 255/4 144),34.07％ (1 595/4 682) and 41.02％ (1 858/4 529),indicating that the detection rate increased with age (x2 =345.78,P ＜ 0.01).After longitudinal comparison of the detection rates of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 in 2000,2007 and 2014,we found that 17 counties were gradually decreased (all P ＜ 0.05) except Xiuwen,Weining,Qianxi,Qingzhen,Liuzhi and Xixiu (x2 =0.84,4.19,3.67,5.03,1.98,2.37,all P ＞ 0.05).The ratio of dental fluorosis detection rate ＜ 15％,15％-30％ and ＞ 30％ was accounted for 21.74％ (25/115),32.17％ (37/115) and 46.09％ (53/115),respectively,in the 115 villages.Conclusion The detection rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 in coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis areas is significantly dropped,and the comprehensive prevention and control effect is gradually apparent.
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Objective:In the performance appraisal of public hospitals,the lack of detailed degree of personalized appraisal,inadequate attention of hospital leaderships and unreasonable performance appraisal indexes were analyzed to provide measurement.Methods:Using the equity theory to conduct specific analysis on the problem.Results:To promote the stable and sustainable development of public hospitals,it mobilized the enthusiasm,initiative and creativity of the employees.Conclusion:It needed to create more economic and social benefits and enhance the core competitiveness of the hospital.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of health education and improved stoves on control of coalburning-borne endemic fluorosis in Guizhou Province.Methods In 2014,according to the detectable rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 before implementing control measures,11 counties were divided into three layers:low detection rate (detection rate was less than 60％),medium detection rate (detection rate from 60％ to 90％) and high detection rate (detection rate was greater than 90％).One county was selected from each layer and two towns were selected in each county.According to the Diagnosis of Dental Fluorosis (WS/T 208-2011),dental fluorosis of all children aged 8-12 was examined in all towns;At the same time,in the 2 villages in each town,20households and students of one class in grade 4 to 6 were selected to survey knowledge about prevention and control of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis;and to survey the situation of improved stoves,drying and elutriation of corn and chillies,and related life behavior.Results The detectable rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12was 5.49％ (198/3 607),8.33％ (72/864),12.46％ (179/1 437),and it was significantly lower than before implementing control measures [41.88％ (931/2 223),61.91％ (4 863/7 855),91.25％(2 439/2 673),x2 =1 166.43,909.56,2 508.96,all P ＜ 0.01].Correct answer rates of students about knowledge on endemic fluorosis were 78.03％ (792/1 015),84.93％ (1 465/1 725) and 80.18％ (910/1 135),the correct answer rates of knowledge were significantly higher than those before implementing control measures [23.19％ (640/2 760),47.41％ (2 368/4 995) and 40.25％ (3 405/8 460),x2 =947.96,736.61,644.69,all P ＜ 0.01].Correct answer rates of family householders about knowledge on endemic fluorosis were 86.75％ 047/400),95.25％ (381/400) and 86.25％ (345/400),the correct answer rates of knowledge were higher than those before implementing control measures [17.78％ (80/450),37.20％ (279/750) and 25.27％ (139/550);x2 =402.97,359.49,344.55,all P ＜ 0.01].The percentages of households whose stoves were qualified and can be used correctly to the total households were 96.25％ (77/80),96.25％ (77/80) and 93.75％ (75/80),and before implementing control measures [4.92％ (348/7 078),21.51％ (7 461/34 693) and 6.73％ (475/7 062)],and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =1 181.55,262.63,842.82,all P ＜ 0.01).The percentages of households using clean energy in heating season to the total households increased from 0 (0/7 078),0 (0/34 693),0(0/7 062) to 98.75％ (79/80),98.75％ (79/80),96.25％ (77/80).The rates of the three counties whose inhabitants could bake the chillies correctly were 96.25％ (77/80),95.00％ (76/80) and 97.50％ (78/80),which were significantly higher than before implementing control measures [5.55％(5/90),26.00％ (39/150),52.73％ (58/110),x2=139.52,99.36,45.64,all P ＜ 0.01].Who cooked chillies after washing were 93.75％ (75/80),95.00％ (76/80),93.75％ (75/80),which were significantly higher than before implementing control measures [74.44％ (67/90),87.33％ (131/150),34.55％ (38/110),x2 =11.47,3.91,67.36,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion The effects of health education and improving stoves on coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in the three counties of Guizhou Province are remarkable.
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Objective To investigate the usage of the stoves in the severe endemic areas of coal burning fluorosis, sum up experience timely, find problems and adjust strategy for making prevention and control measures. Methods In 23 counties of Guizhou Province in the severe endemic areas of coal burning fluorosis, a town was selected according to the east, west, south, north and center positions, three villages were selected from each town, and 20 families were selected from each village;household stoves and usage were investigated in 2013. And the data of 14 conties was compared with the survey results of 2007. Results A total of 6 916 families from 341 villages in 115 towns of the 23 counties were investigated. Average utilization rate of coal-fired furnace and electric cooker was relatively high, which was 91.34%(6 317/6 916) and 92.93%(6 427/6 916), respectively. Utilization rate of coal stove, firewood oven, gas stove and liquefied gas stove oven was 7.75% (536/6 916)-21.56%(1 491/6 916). The correct utilization rate of coal-fired furnace was 92.80%(5 862/6 317). The correct utilization rate of coal stove was 66.80%(839/1 256); 92.93%(6 427/6 916)of the families used electric cooker year around. Totally 89.82%(5 674/6 317) of the farmers used iron stove in winter. Compared with those of 2007, in 14 of the counties; the differences of coal-fired furnace, coal stove, firewood oven, electric cooker, gas stove, and liquefied gas stove utilization rate were statistically significant (χ2= 888.35, 6 210.71, 165.54, 9 194.29, 36.98, 729.76, all P<0.05). Conclusion After positive and effective comprehensive treatment for many years, great c hanges have taken place in energy structure, clean energy is widely used, the correct utilization rate of coal-fired stoves is increased, and indoor fluorine pollution caused by coal-burning is under control.
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Objective To explore the changes of children's dental fluorosis before and after implementation of comprehensive prevention and control intervention in coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis areas of Guizhou Province,and to provide a scientific basis for making corresponding prevention and control measures.Methods In 2010,according to a simple random cluster sampling method,1/5 of the villages out of 1/5 of the towns of Zunyi,Kaiyang and Longli Counties,were selected as investigation sites for inspection of dental fluorosis in 8-12 years old children and a longitudinal comparison was done with historical related dental fluorosis (year 1986 and 2000).Dental fluorosis of children was diagnosed by Dean method.Results In Zunyi,Kaiyang and Longli Counties,the detection rates of 8-12 years old children's dental fluorosis were 23.76％(202/850),15.77％ (79/501) and 11.17％(42/376),respectively.The detection rates of dental fluorosis in the 8,9,10,11 and 12 years old age group of children were 11.52％(19/165),17.19％(44/256),20.20％ (81/401),18.61％ (75/403) and 20.72％ (104/502),respectively,and there was no significant difference between groups (x2 =2.90,P ＞ 0.05).The survey results of this investigation in the three counties in 2000 were 34.20％(7 805/22 821),39.77％(1 782/ 4 481),60.88％(2 806/4 609),and the differences were statistically significant between the results of 2010 and 2000(x2 =37.81,110.91,350.76,all P ＜ 0.01).And compared with the results of 1986[34.29％ (9 463/27 596),36.30％ (2 708/7 460),35.72％ (1 896/5 308)],the difference of Zunyi County was not statistically significant (x2 =0.045,P ＞ 0.05),but for Kaiyang and Longli the differences were statistically significant(x2 =14.35,626.39,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The effect of comprehensive prevention and control intervention is very obvious.In the 3 counties,the incidence rates of 8-12 years old children's dental fluorosis are already dropped to below 30％ of the control standard.Subsequent management should be carried out and the state of disease should be evaluated for organization-assessment acceptance in accordance with relevant hygiene standards in a planned way.
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Objective To explore the surgical techniques and clinical indication of laparoscopic splenectomy combined with cholecystectomy.Methods The clinical data from two patients underwent laparoscopic splenectomy combined with cholecystectomy were retrospectively analyzed.Results Two patients have been performed splenectomy with cholecystectomy successfully under laparoscopy.The operation time of laparoscopic splenectomy was 90 min and 100min.Blood loss was 700ml and 800ml.Two patients were discharged 5 days postoperatively without any complications of bleeding,infection,pancreatic leakage.Conclusion The key surgical technique in the laparoscopic splenectomy combined with cholecystectomy was to control the splenic artery and vein according 1o different spleen anatomy.Non-acute inflammatory gallstone with surgical splenic diseases was considerel the clinical indications and the aseptic techniques and the sequence should be taken seriously during LS + LC.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization of aspirin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS:The utilization of aspirin in 510 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the department of Endocrinology in our hospital from April 2004 to April 2007 was analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:Of the total 510 cases,68.2% received aspirin,with daily dose reached 50～100mg.Aspirin was more often used in patients complicated with coronary heart disease and hypertension(P
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In order to investigate the distribution and diagnosis of adrenal tumors, 282 cases of patients who had undergone adrenalectomy in our hospital from March 1993 to December 2001 were reviewed. There were 147 (52 1%) women and 135 (47 9%) men, with a mean age of 43 6?13 0 (3～75) years. Of the 282 patients, 83 patients (29 4%) were operated on because of hyperaldosteronism, 59 (20 9%) pheochromocytoma, 27 (9 5%) hypercortisolism, 105 (37 2%) incidentaloma, 36 (12 8%) malignant tumors and 13 (4 6%) for other reasons. The average diameter of adrenal tumors was 4 8?3 4 (0 3～22 5)cm. The size of tumor mass was smallestin hyperaldosteronism, while the largest was malignant tumor. The conformation rate of the preoperative diagnosis and pathological findings was 65 2%.
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To investigate the cause, clinical features, differential diagnosis and treatment of adrenal hematoma, 4 cases were studied retrospectively. Chinese literature was reviewed. There were 4 cases diagnosed as adrenal hematoma pathologically among 282 cases of adrenalectomy in Chinese PLA General Hospital. Two cases were suspected as adrenal adenoma and the others were found incidentally during nephrectomy. Forty six cases of hematoma were reported in 7 Chinese articles since 1979. 26 1%(12/46)were misdiagnosed as adenoma for surgical treatment and 73 9%(34/46)were followed up. It is very important to have sound knowledge to make a correct diagnosis of adrenal hematoma. It is helpful to inquire the case history in detail and to do B type ultrasound repeatedly, CT scanning or MRI with contrast. Follow up is reasonable if it is not suspected to have malignant or hyperfunctioning adenoma.
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In order to explore the clinical feature, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of adrenal incidentalomas, we reviewed 98 cases of adrenal incidentalomas for which adrenalectomy was performed in our hospital from 1993 to 2002. It was found that the average age of the patients was 48 years old, 16 cases (16 3%) had no specific symptoms, and others were incidentally diagnosed. Of the 98 cases, 18 (18 4%) were malignant lesions, including 8 metastatic cancers, 8 adrenal carcinomas and 4 lymphangioma, and 80 were benign lesions. Twenty one cases were functioning adrenal adenoma. Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI or MIBG were effective methods to detect adrenal incidentalomas.