Mechanism of action and clinical research progress of iguratimod in connective tissue diseases / 中国药房

As a new type of immunosuppressant，iguratimod can mediate the anti-inflammatory signaling pathway by inhibiting the proliferation of inflammatory cells and reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines， and play the role of anti-inflammatory. It can affect the proliferation of immune cells and the expression of immune factors，reduce the production and deposition of immune complexes in the body，and play the role of immune regulation. It can regulate bone metabolism by mediating signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin，Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB and osteoprotegerin/nuclear factor-κB receptor activating factor ligand， and play a role in bone protection. It can inhibit pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the expression of transforming growth factor β1/ Smad2/3 signaling pathway，tumor necrosis factor-α，interleukin-1，interleukin-6，matrix metalloproteinase-9 and other inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue，and inhibiting the expression of collagen and fibronectin. Its efficacy and safety have been confirmed in the clinical application of rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjogren syndrome and included in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. It has also shown good efficacy in the clinical application of other connective tissue diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and ankylosing spondylitis，and no obvious safety risks have been found.

Diagnostic value of assisted elastography in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasound elastography (EUS-E) in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for malignant occupying lesions in gastrointestinal adjacent tissue.Methods:Clinical data of 54 patients (57 lesions) undergoing EUS-FNA from January 2020 to April 2021 in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University were collected. Thirty patients (31 lesions) who received FNA assisted by EUS-E from May 2020 to February 2021 were enrolled in the EUS-E group, and 24 patients (26 lesions) who underwent routine EUS-FNA without EUS-E in the non-EUS-E group. The diagnostic efficacy of EUS-FNA was evaluated.The diagnostic efficacy of EUS-E group and non EUS-E group was compared. EUS-E score of EUS-E group was analyzed.Results:The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of EUS-FNA in the diagnosis of malignant occupying lesions in gastrointestinal adjacent tissue were 80.5% (33/41), 100.0% (16/16), 100.0% (33/33), 66.7% (16/24) and 86.0% (49/57), respectively. There were no significant differences in sensitivity [78.6% (22/28) VS 84.6% (11/13), P=0.232] or accuracy [83.8% (31/37) VS 90.0% (18/20), P=0.156] of EUS-FNA for pancreatic lesions and other lesions (mediastinal and celiac lesions). Postoperative complications occurred in 1 patient (1.85%, 1/54). Also there were no significant differences in sensitivity [84.0% (21/25) VS 81.3% (13/16), P=0.186] or accuracy [87.1% (27/31) VS 88.5% (23/260, P=0.186] of diagnosis of malignant occupying lesions between EUS-E group and non-EUS-E group. In the EUS-E group, EUS-E score≥3 was highly consistent with the definite diagnosis ( Kappa=0.63). Conclusion:EUS-FNA is a safe and effective cytological and pathological method for diagnosis in gastrointestinal adjacent tissue. EUS-E score can well predict benign and malignant lesions, but EUS-FNA assisted by EUS-E does not show superiority in diagnostic sensitivity or accuracy.

Research progress of resistance training in the treatment of type 2 diabetes complicated with osteoporosis / 中国综合临床

Type 2 diabetes often coexists with osteoporosis, leading to a significant increase in mortality in middle-aged and elderly patients, and both place a huge burden on society. There is a "diabetic bone fragility paradox" in type 2 diabetes, a high bone mineral density and high fracture risk phenomenon. In addition, some hypoglycemic drugs can also cause abnormal bone metabolism, patients with type 2 diabetes are more likely to develop osteoporosis. However, the protection of bone in patients with diabetes is often neglected in clinical practice. Even if the diagnosis of osteoporosis is clear, long-term use of anti-osteoporosis drugs is limited due to many side effects, high cost, poor compliance and other reasons. Resistance exercise(RT) has hypoglycemic and bone protection effects and can be promoted as a non-pharmacological strategy for the early prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with osteoporosis. We reviewed the research progress of RT in the treatment of T2DM with osteoporosis from four aspects: the relationship between T2DM and bone metabolism and the related pathogenesis, the impact of RT on blood glucose and skeletal muscle quality, the mechanism of RT in reducing glucose, preventing and treating osteoporosis, and the formulation of RT protocol.

Effect of resistance exercise on peripheral neuropathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the improvement of neurological symptoms in patients with Type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy via resistance exercise.@*METHODS@#A total of 100 patients with Type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy were selected as the research objects, and they were randomly divided into an observation group who performed resistance exercise (@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, there was statistically difference in the TCSS scores in the observation group at 3 months (@*CONCLUSIONS@#After the intervention of resistance exercise, the blood glucose and DPN can be improved in a certain extent, and which can be popularized in Type 2 diabetes patients.

Molecular epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat food in 2017 in China / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the molecular characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes strains from ready-to eat food in China.@*Methods@#A total of 239 Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from ready-to-eat food in 2017, all strains underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS) , and comparisons uncovered population structure derived from lineages, clonal complex, serogroups, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence, which were inferred in silico from the WGS data. Core genome multilocus sequence typing was used to subtype isolates.@*Results@#All strains were categorized into three different lineages, lineage Ⅱ was the predominant types in food, and IIa was the main serogroups. CC8, CC101 and CC87 were the first three prevalent CCs among 23 detected CCs, accounting for 49.4%. Only 4.6% (11 isolates) of tested strains harbored antibiotic resistance genes, which were mostly trimethoprim genes (7 isolates, 2.9%). All strains were positive for LIPI-1, and only a part of strains harbored LIPI-3 and LIPI-4, accounting for 13.8% (33 isolates) and 14.2% (34 isolates), respectively. ST619 carried both LIPI-3 and LIPI-4. 51.5% (123 isolates) of strains carried SSI-1, and all CC121 strains harbored SSI-2. Different lineages, serogroups and CCs can be separated obviously through cgMLST analysis, and 24 sublineages were highly concordant with CCs.@*Conclusion@#Ⅱa was the main serogroups in ready-to-eat food isolates in China; CC8, CC101 and CC87 were the prevalent CCs, and CC87 isolates was hypervirulent isolates, cgMLST method can be adopted for prospective foodborne disease surveillance and outbreaks detection.

Trends of foodborne diseases in China: lessons from laboratory-based surveillance since 2011 / 医学前沿

Foodborne disease is one of the most important public health issues worldwide. China faces various and unprecedented challenges in all aspects of the food chain. Data from laboratory-based foodborne disease surveillance systems from 2013 to 2016, as well as different regions and ages, can be found along with differences in the patterns of pathogens detected with diverse characteristics. Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in China, especially among adults in coastal regions. Salmonella has been a serious and widely distributed pathogen responsible for substantial socioeconomic burden. Shigella was mostly identified in Northwest China and the inland province (Henan) with less-developed regions among children under 5 years. Data from foodborne disease outbreak reporting system from 2011 to 2016 showed that poisonous animals and plant factors responsible for most deaths were poisonous mushrooms (54.7%) in remote districts in southwest regions. The biological hazard that caused most cases reported (42.3%) was attributed to V. parahaemolyticus, the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks. In this review, we summarize the recent monitoring approach to foodborne diseases in China and compare the results with those in developed countries.

Effects of silencing fisson 1 gene on mitofusion and mitochondrial membrane potential in SH-SY5Y cells induced by fluoride / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of inhibited gene expression of fisson 1 (Fis1) gene on the level of Fis1,mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) and mitochondrial membrane potential in SH-SY5Y cells with fluorine,to study the role of mitochondrial dynamic balance in the pathogenesis of chronic fluorosis.Methods SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in vitro,when adherent cells entered the logarithmic phase,using a group design,they were divided into four groups:blank control group (control),fluoride group [2 mmol/L sodium fluoride (NaF)],fluoride negative control group (2 mmol/L NaF + non-specific siRNA) and the gene-silencing group (2 mmol/L NaF + specific siRNA-Fis1).The protein expression levels of Fis1 and Mfn1 were measured by Western blotting;the mRNA expression levels of Fis1 and Mfn1 were measured by Real-time PCR;and the levels of the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by mitochondrial membrane potential detection kit.Results Compared with control (1.37 ± 0.18,1.00 ± 0.04;1.57 ± 0.19,1.00 ± 0.04;1.00 ± 0.10),the expression levels of Fisl protein (1.72 ± 0.04) and mRNA (1.48 ± 0.13) in fluoride group were increased,the expression levels of Mfn1 protein (0.87 ± 0.02) and mRNA (0.69 ± 0.07) in fluoride group were decreased,the level of mitochondrial membrane potential (0.76 ± 0.13) was decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with control,the expression levels of Fis1 protein (0.79 ± 0.07) and mRNA (0.06 ± 0.03) in gene-silencing group were decreased,the expression levels of Mfn1 protein (1.71 ± 0.04) and mRNA (1.52 ± 0.05) in gene-silencing group were increased (P ＜ 0.05),the level of mitochondrial membrane potential (0.94 ± 0.01) was decreased.Compared with fluoride group,the expression levels of Fis1 protein and mRNA in gene-silencing group were decreased,the expression levels of Mfn1 protein and mRNA in gene-silencing group were increased,the level of mitochondrial membrane potential in gene-silencing group was increased (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Gene expression inhibition of Fis1 gene can reduce the mitochondrial division and damage of mitochondrial membrane potential in SH-SY5Y cells induced by fluoride.

Comparative study of three different methods in the determination of length of gross target volume for esophageal cancer radiotherapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective Compared with chest CT,endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) can more accurately determine the upper and lower margins of esophageal cancer,and marking the upper and lower margins of the esophageal cancer with titanium clip contributes to the delineation of target area of esophageal cancer during radiotherapy.To compare the effects of esophageal X-ray,chest computed tomography (CT)scan and EUS-assisted placement of marker clip in the determination of the length of gross target volume (GTV),aiming to provide reference for the determination of GTV during esophageal cancer radiotherapy.Methods Thirty patients who were initially diagnosed with thoracic esophageal cancer by histological and cytological examinations and scheduled to receive radiotherapy were recruited in this investigation.All patients received esophageal X-ray,CT scan,and EUS-assisted placement of marker clip.The length of GTV was quantitatively measured and statistically compared among three different methods.Results The length of GTV was (6.1 ± 1.4) cm,(6.8± 1.9) cm and (6.3± 1.9) cm determined by esophageal X-ray,CT scan and EUS-assisted placement of marker clip,respectively.Compared with CT scan,the length of GTV determined by EUS-assisted placement of marker clip did not significantly differ (P=0.11).The length of GTV determined by esophageal X-ray was significantly shorter than that by CT scan (P =0.03).Among all patients,the length of GTV determined by EUS-assisted placement of marker clip was longer compared with that by chest CT scan in 22.2％ of patients.The length of GTV determined by EUS-assisted placement of marker clip was the same as that by chest CT scan in 11.1％ of patients.The length of GTV determined by EUS-assisted placement of marker clip was shorter compared with that by chest CT scan in 66.7％ of patients.Conclusions EUS-assisted placement of marker clip differs from esophageal X-ray and CT scan in determining the length of GTV,which acts as one of the effective methods in the determination of the length of GTV during esophageal cancer radiotherapy.

Comparative study on PCR genotyping methods of Clostridium botulinum / 中国食品卫生杂志

Objective To compare four PCR genotyping method for Clostridium botulinum,and provide the reliable method for detection and identification of Clostridium botulinum from surveillance and foodborn poisoning in Sichuan Province.Methods Six strains of C.botulinum types A,B and E were used to compare four PCR genotyping method-one muhiplex PCR method was from US FDA,two multiplex PCR method and one real-time PCR method were from ISO,and the differences were preliminarily analyzed.Results Three multiplex PCR method could detect C.botulinum types A,B and E in a single reaction.The expected bands for type A were vague using ISO multiplex PCR method 1,whereas bright expected bands could be obtained in the identification of C.botulinum by the other two multiplex PCR method.Real-time multiplex PCR method could detect different types of C.botulinum simultaneously;however,classification should be carried out separately because fluorescent labels were the same.Conclusion Multiplex PCR method from FDA and multiplex PCR method 2 from ISO were relatively simple and could be recommended for C.botulinum surveillance in Sichuan Province.

Effect of group psychotherapy on the alleviation of psychiatric nurses' compassion fatigue / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the influence of group psychotherapy on the alleviation of psychiatric nurses' compassion fatigue.Methods A total of 190 psychiatric nurses were investigated by compassion fatigue scale.Forty psychiatric nurses were selected to accept group psychotherapy for 10 times.The scores of compassion fatigue scale were compared before and after group psychotherapy and the influencing factors of therapeutic effect were analyzed.Results Thirty-eight psychiatric nurses had accomplished the intervention and follow-up.Compared with before group psychotherapy,the total scores of compassion fatigue scale and the scores of mental tension,passive behavior,doubtful ability and loss of morale among 6 dimensions after group psychotherapy were improved:(83.28±7.01) scores vs.(102.60±7.24) scores,(2.66±0.42) scores vs.(3.11±0.49) scores,(2.02±0.36) scores vs.(2.55±0.41) scores,(1.99±0.33)scores vs.(2.65±0.38) scores,(1.69±0.34) scores vs.(2.76±0.44) scores,and there were significant differences,P＜0.05.Regression analysis found that the work life,education level were correlated with the deduction rate of the total scores of compassion fatigue scale,t=2.858,3.099,P＜0.01.Conclusion Group psychotherapy can help psychiatric nurses to alleviate their compassion fatigue.

Upregulation of CD147/MMP-9 pathway attenuates early left ventricular remodeling in rats with spontaneous hypertension / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of CD147/MMP-9 pathway on early left ventricular remodeling Methods 30 healthy eight-week male SHR were divided into 3 groups (n = 10 for each group). SHR group received tail vein injections of normal saline weekly; CD147 group received CD147 of 600 ng·kg-1 weekly; and CD147+DOX group received CD147 of 600 ng/kg weekly and intragastric administration of DOX ( doxycycline ) of 30 mg/kg daily . 10 healthy eight-week male Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY group) were treated as SHR group. Echocardiography, myocardial sections microscopy examination (HE and VG stain), and Western blot (for assessing levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, CD147, and collagen I and Ⅲin myocardial tissues) were performed on day 56. Left ventricular weight index (LVWI)was measured and calculated. Collagen volume fractions (CVF) were obtained by image analysis. Results As compared with WKY group , levels of CD147 , MMP-9 , and MMP-9/TIMP-1 were lower but TIMP-1 and collagenⅠand Ⅲ were significantly higher in SHR group. The abundance of CD147 and MMP-9 protein and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 were obviously increased in CD147 group than in SHR group (P < 0.05). Levels of CD147, MMP-9, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 did no differ between CD147+DOX group and CD147 group. LVWI and contents of collagenⅠand Ⅲ were obviously declined in CD147 group as compare with SHR group. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy , partial myocardial fibre rupture , myocyte dissolution and fuzzy myocardial fibre boundaries , more abundant of collagen fibers, and higher CVF were found in SHR group. Cardiac fibrosis was significantly improved after CD147 intervention, but the action was suppressed as DOX was administrated simultaneously. Conclusions Early ventricular remodeling may be involved in the inhibition of CD147/MMP-9 pathway in SHR. Input of CD147 to upregulate the pathway can improve the remodeling.

The influences of three methods on determination of salivary alpha-amylase activity and its activity ratio from the saliva before and after citric acid stimulation / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To compare the differences of salivary alpha(α) amylase (sAA) activity and its activity ratio from the sali‐va before and after citric acid stimulation and approach the correlations among sAA activity determined by the methods of iodine‐starch ,Bernfeld and EPS‐G7 velocity respectively .Methods Ten saliva samples were collected from five healthy volunteers before and after citric acid stimulation .Their activities were determined three times by the three methods ,and the variation coefficient (CV) of sAA activity and activity ratio were calculated .Moreover ,correlation among sAA activities determined by the three meth‐ods were analyzed .Results The significant differences (P 0 .05) in sAA activities ratio and its CV ;Significant correlation was found between sAA activity determined by random two of three methods(P < 0 .05) ,and their correlation coefficients were above 0 .96 .Conclusion The sAA activity data determined by three methods could be transformed each other by regression equation ,and determined precision by the method of EPS‐G7 velocity is highest ,and data processing method of sAA activity ratio could decrease differences among CV from three methods .

Relationship between age and smoking abstinence self-efficacy / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between smoking abstinence self- efficacy (SASE) and age.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional questionnaire survey in form of face-to-face interview was performed. The SASE level was assessed by using the Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale. Univariate two-degree fractional polynomials (FPs) regression model was used to explore the relationship between SASE and age after adjusting of potential confounders: marital status, occupation and education.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relationship between SASE and age showed a U-shaped curve with the nadir at 60 years old.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The distribution of SASE is not consistent among age groups; middle aged person has lower level of SASE than both the younger and the elder.</p>

Mediating effect of smoking abstinence self-efficacy on association between awareness of smoking hazard and successful smoking cessation / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To estimate the mediating effect of smoking abstinence self-efficacy (SASE) on the association between awareness of smoking hazard and successful smoking cessation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A community-based case-control study was conducted in 642 smokers who successfully stopped smoking, and 700 smokers who failed in smoking cessation were used as controls. The awareness of smoking hazard was evaluated by total score of 12 items. The SASE was assessed by using Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy (ASES-S). The total effect was classified as direct effect and indirect effect through logistic regression analysis based on the KHB method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After adjusting the potential confounders, including age, age of smoking initiation, occupation, educational level and marital status, the mediating effect of SASE accounted for 6.03% among the total effect of awareness of smoking hazard in those who successfully stopped smoking while the direct effect accounted for 93.97% among the total effect. In the three specific situation of SASE, the mediating effect of SASE accounted for 6.80% (positive/social situations), 3.08% (negative/affective situations) and 2.32% (habit/addictive situations) among the total effect, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SASE has part mediating effect to influence on the association between the awareness of smoking hazard and successful smoking cessation. Improving smokers' awareness of smoking hazard may not only promote successful smoking cessation directly, but also contribute to quit smoking through improving the score of SASE.</p>

Association between social support and outcomes as successful smoking cessation in males from the rural areas / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the association between social support and successful smoking cessation outcomes in males from rural areas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A community-based case-control study was conducted with 642 adult male cases who appeared to be successful spontaneous smoking quitters as cases, together with other 700 adult males who failed quitting smoking to serve, as controls. Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used to assess the individual social support. Multiple linear method was used to evaluate the relationship between social support and the outcome of successful cessation in smoking.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After adjusting the potential confounders as age, education, marital status, profession, age of initial smoking and number of pack-years on smoking, the adjusted mean of subjective social support in successful quitters was significant lower than that in the failed ones (P<0.001). The differences of adjusted means between objective social support and its utility were not statistically different in the two groups among the population who recognized that cigarettes should always be provided when people interact with each other (P=0.124; P=0.763). However, the adjusted means of social support and the related three dimensions did not show significant differences in the two groups among the population in disapproval of the above said social norms (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Data from our research indicated that social support would negatively affect the successful spontaneous cessation of smoking among people under unhealthy smoking culture.</p>

Association of cytochrome P450 2A6 gene polymorphisms with smoking behaviors:a Meta-analysis / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>A Meta-analysis was performed to assess the association of defective hepatic cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) gene with smoking behaviors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All eligible studies published up to 2014 were searched out from PubMed, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), ISI Web of knowledge (ISI), vip citation databases (VIP), Chinese BioMedical Literature (CBM) and Elsevier Science Direct, searching words were "smok*","nicotine dependence","CYP2A6","cytochrome P450 2A6","polymorphism","mut*"and"varia*", while 436 articles were concluded. Meta-analysis was performed using Statal 3.1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of ten studies were finally included. We didn't find a significant effect of defective CYP2A6 gene on smoking initiation (fixed effect model (FEM): OR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.78-1.03, I(2) = 25.8%), smoking persistence (random effect model (REM): OR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.59-1.23, I(2) = 66.3%) and smoking cessation (REM: OR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.57-1.40, I(2) = 67.1%). But it showed a significant protective effect of CYP2A6*4 on smoking initiation (FEM: OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.61-0.99, I(2) = 28.2%), smoking persistence (FEM: OR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.36-0.77, I(2) = 41.0%) and smoking cessation (REM: OR = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.31-0.80, I(2) = 0.0%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This Meta-analysis suggested that there was not a protective effect of defective CYP2A6 gene against smoking behaviors. But smokers with whole CYP2A6 gene deletion would be less likely to start smoking, less smoking persistence and more likely to quit smoking successful than smokers with wild CYP2A6 gene.</p>

Dominance analysis on the association between reasons for smoking and results related to successful smoking cessation / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the association between reasons for smoking and results related to successful smoking cessation. Methods A community-based case-control study was conducted with 642 male adults recognized as successful spontaneous smoking quitters being the subject cases while another 700 male adults who had failed to quit smoking were served as the controls. Russell Reason for Smoking Questionnaire(RRSQ)was used to investigate the reasons for smoking. Dominance logistic regression was performed to determine the relative importance of reasons for starting smoking and the endpoint of successful quit smoking. Results After adjusting the potential confounders of age,age of smoking initiation,marital status,profession,and education,the adjusted means of sedative and stimulation of RRSQ in the successful quitters were significant lower than that in the failed quitters. Results from the dominance logistic regression showed that the first two important factors for smoking cessation were sedative and stimulation of RRSQ,followed by psychological image,automatic,hand-mouth activity,indulgence,and addiction. Conclusion This study demonstrated that factors as dependence-addiction showed more important impacts than the social-psychological ones on the endpoint of successful smoking cessation.

Dominance analysis on the association between reasons for smoking and results related to successful smoking cessation / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the association between reasons for smoking and results related to successful smoking cessation. Methods A community-based case-control study was conducted with 642 male adults recognized as successful spontaneous smoking quitters being the subject cases while another 700 male adults who had failed to quit smoking were served as the controls. Russell Reason for Smoking Questionnaire(RRSQ)was used to investigate the reasons for smoking. Dominance logistic regression was performed to determine the relative importance of reasons for starting smoking and the endpoint of successful quit smoking. Results After adjusting the potential confounders of age,age of smoking initiation,marital status,profession,and education,the adjusted means of sedative and stimulation of RRSQ in the successful quitters were significant lower than that in the failed quitters. Results from the dominance logistic regression showed that the first two important factors for smoking cessation were sedative and stimulation of RRSQ,followed by psychological image,automatic,hand-mouth activity,indulgence,and addiction. Conclusion This study demonstrated that factors as dependence-addiction showed more important impacts than the social-psychological ones on the endpoint of successful smoking cessation.

Effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on curative compliance of migrant TB patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To probe into the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on curative compliance of migrant TB patients. Methods One hundred and eighty migrant patients with tuberculosis smearing positive were divided into control group and observation group in equal number according to the registration time.The patients in the control group received routine nursing care and those in the observation group comprehensive nursing intervention including psychological intervention,health education and family supervision for 6 months. The two groups were compared in terms of the curative compliance.Results After the intervention,the observation group was significantly better than the control group in terms of re-visit,regular mediation,drugs taking from the outpatient section and sputum culture after intervention (P<0.05).Conclusion Comprehensive nursing intervention is effective in improving the treatment compliance of migrant TB patients.

Effects of chronic fluorosis on expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 mRNA and protein in the osteoclast of bone tissue of rats / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of chronic fluorosis on the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA and protein and the differentiation and maturation process of bone cell in the osteoclast of bone tissue of rats.Methods According to body weight,thirty-six healthy SD rats(body mass 100-120 g) were divided into three groups by random number table,twelve in each group,half male and half female.The rats of control group were given tap water(NaF ＜ 1 mg/L),and rats of low-fluorine and high-fluorine groups were fed with tap water containing 5 and 50 mg/L NaF to establish chronic fluorosis model.Rats were sacrificed after eight months; the contents of urinary fluoride in 24 hours and bone fluoride were analyzed by fluoride selective electrode.Serum content of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP5b)was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The paraffin section of bone tissue was stained by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and pathological morphometry was observed under optical microscope.The protein and mRNA levels of MMP-9 in the osteoclast of bones were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH),respectively.Results The differences of fluoride contents of urine and bone in rats were statistically significant between groups(F =400.612,48.229,all P ＜ 0.05).Fluoride contents of urine and bone were increased in lowfluorine and high-fluorine groups[(6.09 + 0.56),(7.69 + 0.64)mg/L,(12.65 ± 3.07),(26.53 + 5.88)mg/kg] compared to the control groups[(1.36 ± 0.51)mg/L,(0.67 ± 0.16)mg/kg,all P ＜ 0.05],and the fluoride contents of urine and bone were gradually increased with increasing fluoride doses(all P ＜ 0.05).The difference of TRACP5b content in serum was statistically significant between groups (F =9.607,P ＜ 0.05),in low-fluorine and high-fluorine groups,the TRACP5b contents[(1.86 ± 0.13),(1.92 ± 0.22)U/L] were higher than that of control group [(1.57 + 0.20)U/L,all P ＜ 0.05].The pathological examination showed osteosclerosis in fluoride exposed groups.The differences of MMP-9 mRNA and protein expressions were statistically significant between groups (F =365.727,331.382,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the control groups(97.22 ± 2.24,78.51 ± 1.16),the expressions of MMP-9 protein(108.18 ± 1.97,119.28 ± 1.76) and mRNA(89.44 ± 2.86,102.14 ± 2.39) were increased(all P ＜ 0.05),and the expressions of MMP-9 mRNA and protein were gradually increased with increasing fluoride doses (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Chronic fluorosis might influence osteoclast differentiation and maturation process through regulating the expression levels of MMP-9 protein and mRNA.