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OBJECTIVE@#To survey the residents for their understanding of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) in two hard hit provinces of China to facilitate the governmental decisions on strategies against the disease.@*METHODS@#We invited the participants from Hubei and Henan Provinces of China for an internetbased survey starting from 12:00 on February 21, 2020 to 12:00 on February 23. The survey included the general conditions, KAP of COVID-19, psychological status and living conditions of the residents.@*RESULTS@#The effective response rate of the questionnaire was 98.9%. The mean (P25, P75) age of the participants was 19 (16, 40) years, and 54.3% of them were students. Social media were the most important source of information concerning the pandemic of the respondents. The respondents had a high awareness of person-to-person transmission of the virus through the respiratory tract or droplets but showed a relatively low level of awareness of the population susceptible to COVID-19 and its specific symptoms. The results of multivariate analysis showed that women, undergraduate students (including college students) and higher degree holders had better knowledge of COVID-19 ( < 0.05); the proportion of respondents who expressed to have different levels of psychological stressed such as worry, anxiety and panic reached 77.2%; 16.7% of the responders considered psychological interventions necessary for their psychological conditions; 63.6% of the respondents confessed a bias against the people returning from Hubei and Henan provinces, while 22.4% worried that they might be biased because of their residence in Hubei and Henan. The rate of personal protective equipment shortage was as high as 69.4%; the rates of the responders who would "covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing", "properly use masks in accordance with regulations", "maintain proper hand hygiene ", "avoid gatherings with relatives and friends" and "refrain from going to public places" were 92.4%, 95.9%, 93.5%, 88.8% and 93.1%, respectively. Women and groups with good knowledge of the disease reported better protective behaviors against the diseases ( < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The residents in Hubei and Henan Provinces have generally good KAP related to COVID-19, and the online platforms plays a positive role to in circulating epidemic-related information. It is essential to further increase the supply of the protective materials and pay more attention to the mental health of the residents during the pandemic, and psychological counseling and psychological protection should be provided if necessary.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Attitude , Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections , Pandemics , Pneumonia, ViralABSTRACT
Objective@#To study the alterations of mitochondrial biological characteristics during both cellular replicative and premature senescence induced by hydrogen peroxide in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HEFs).@*Methods@#The premature senescence was induced by 400 μmol/L H2O2 once a day at the same time and with 2 hours each time, after four consecutive days the premature senescence models were classified into premature senescence initiation group (PSi) and premature senescence persistence group (PSp). Based on the life span of HEFs, the cell replicative senescence was divided into five groups included young-age (22 PDL), middle-age (35 PDL), replicative senescence (49 PDL), PSi and PSp. The mitochondrial distribution, relative content, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, the relative mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) as well as mitochondrial DNA methyltransferase 1 (mtDNMT1) mRNA levels, mtDNA copy number, the relative TFAM protein level and the total enzyme activity of mitochondrial DNA methyltransferases (mtDNMTs) were detected in five senescence groups.@*Results@#The mtDNA copy number, 8-OHdG contents, level of mtDNMT1 mRNA and mtDNMTs activity in 49 PDL group were higher than those in 22 PDL group (all P values <0.05); The level of 8-OHdG in PSi was higher than that in 22 PDL group (P<0.05); The ATP contents, mtDNA copy number, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TFAM and mtDNMTs activity of PSp were higher than those in 22 PDL group (all P values<0.05).@*Conclusion@#During the cellular senescence of HEFs, the higher mtDNA copy number and mtDNMTs activity were common features regardless of replicative or premature senescence, with possibility that oxidative stress was involved in modifying the occurrence of premature senescence.
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Objective@#A new ion exchange column technology was used to establish an efficient and sensitive method for the detection of inorganic arsenic.@*Methods@#Based on the new As Specia Fast Column, the pretreatment methods, liquid phase separation and mass spectrometry determination conditions of inorganic arsenic in rice were optimized. Finally, arsenic compounds were separated by As Specia Fast Column and detected by liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The external standard method was used for quantitative analysis. The detection limit, precision and accuracy of the method were determined by measuring the content of arsenic compounds in rice samples and rice standard samples. At the same time, three Guangdong rice samples were selected as the experimental samples of this study, and 1 g of each sample was weighed and measured in parallel three times. The method was compared with the method of liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LC-AFS) and liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS) in the national standard.@*Results@#The inorganic arsenic in rice was extracted with 0.5% nitric acid solution at 65 ℃ for 15 h, and the pH was adjusted to alkaline. The mobile phase A (8 mmol/L HNO3, 50 mmol/L NH3·H2O) and mobile phase B (40 mmol/L HNO3, 80 mmol/L NH3·H2O) were used as the mobile phase gradient elution (93%) . Five arsenic compounds can reach baseline separation under the conditions of RF power of 1 500 W and atomization gas flow of 0.97 L/min. The detection limits ranged from 0.114 to 0.331 μg/L, and the inorganic arsenic content in rice samples ranged from 0.063 to 0.232 mg/kg. The results of determination of arsenic compounds in rice flour reference materials were all within the uncertainty range indicated by the standard. The recoveries were 86.7%~106.7%, and the precision was 1.9%-12.5%. Compared with national standards, the results of determination of arsenate in rice were relatively close (using this method, LC-AFS, LC-ICP-MS to detect the content of arsenate in rice samples 1 was 0.231, 0.226, 0.236 mg/kg, respectively). However, due to insufficient sensitivity, the national standard method is difficult to detect low levels of arsenic compounds (Arsenobetaine was not detected in rice sample 1). The method can detect the content of arsenobetaine in rice sample 1 was 0.023 mg/kg.@*Conclusion@#The established method can meet the requirements of inorganic arsenic determination in rice, and it is more rapid and accurate than the current national standard. It can better monitor and evaluate the content of i-As in rice, and provide accurate data for comprehensively grasping and evaluating the safety of rice consumption of residents.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study long-term effect on renal function exposed to environmental cadmium.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Stratified random sampling and cluster sampling method of epidemiological investigations were carried out in northern Guangdong province between April, 2011 and August, 2012. A total of 167 residents who lived in high cadmium exposure area for more than 15 years, aged above 40 were selected in exposed group. Moreover, A total of 145 residents who had similar living and economic conditions and lived in local for more than 15 years, aged above 40 were selected in control group. We used health questionnaires and medical examinations in order to acquire their health status. Home-harvested rice and vegetables were collected using quartering method for detection of cadmium level. Urine specimens of residents were collected for detection of cadmium level and creatinine as well as renal dysfunction biomarkers, namely, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamidase (NAG), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), and retinol binding protein(RBP), respectively. The analysis of spearman rank correlation and multiple regression were used to investigate the relationships between age, urinary cadmium levels and renal injury biomarkers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cadmium levels in rice and vegetables of exposed group were 0.75 and 0.10 mg/kg, both were significantly higher than 0.07 and 0.01 mg/kg in the control group (Z values were -6.32 and -7.84, all P values < 0.001). The urinary cadmium level of exposed group was 8.29 µg/g · cr, which was higher than that of the control group 2.03 µg/g · cr with significant difference (Z value was -11.39, P < 0.001). After stratified the total population by age, the urinary cadmium level in 40-49 years, 50-59 years and ≥ 60 years subgroups were 7.22, 8.71, and 13.10 µg/g · cr, which both were significantly higher than 1.80, 2.04, and 2.05 µg/g · cr in the control group (Z values were -5.22, -7.41, and -7.14, all P values < 0.001). After stratified the total population by gender, the urinary cadmium level of male and female were 5.12 and 12.36 µg/g · cr, which both were significantly higher than 1.79 and 2.16 µg/g · cr in the control group (Z values were -7.68 and -9.03, all P values < 0.001). Comparing the differences of renal dysfunction biomarkers (NAG, β2-MG, RBP) between two groups. The level of urinary β2-MG and RBP of exposed group were 0.21 and 0.04 µg/g · cr, which were higher than 0.05 and 0.00 µg/g · cr of the control group with significant difference (Z value was -7.08 and -9.65, all P values < 0.001). Pearson correlation analysis showed that NAG, β2-MG and RBP were positively correlated with urinary cadmium and age, the correlation coefficients were 0.57, 0.49, 0.21 and 0.22, 0.26, 0.23 respectively (all P values < 0.001). After adjusting the effect of age, it was appeared that urinary cadmium levels contributed most to the alteration of NAG, β2-MG and RBP, the standardized regression coefficients were 0.57, 0.49 and 0.20 (all P values < 0.001), and suggested that the cadmium body burden was one of the most important factors for renal dysfunction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Residents, who had cadmium contaminated rice and vegetables for a long time, would take the risk of increasing body burden of cadmium and urinary early biomarkers of renal tubular injury that referred to occurrence of renal dysfunction.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cadmium , Creatinine , Environmental Exposure , Epidemiologic Studies , Food Contamination , Kidney Diseases , Multivariate Analysis , Oryza , Risk , Time , VegetablesABSTRACT
To compare and evaluate the discriminatory ability and potential value of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PF-GE) and multiple locus VNTRs analysis (MLVA) on the genotyping of Brucella ,a total of 60 strains of Brucella and three standards (16M ,544A ,1330S) were genotyped simultaneously by PFGE and MLVA .The result indicated that the similarity coefficient among the 63 isolates was from 72 .1-100 .0% by PFGE ,and could distinguish three species of B .melitensis ,B .su-is and B .abortus at the similarity level of 94 .4% .There were 14 clusters and 29 PFGE types identified by PFGE with discrim-inatory index (DI) of 0 .957 5 at the similarity level of 100% ;the similarity coefficient among the 63 isolates was from 16 .9-100 .0% by MLVA ,and could distinguish three species of Brucella at the similarity level of 52 .3% .There were 8 clusters and 47 MLVA types identified by MLVA with discriminatory index (DI) of 0 .985 2 at the similarity level of 100% .It's suggested that PFGE and MLVA could be used to distinguish three species of Brucella in the similarity coefficient of certain ,but could not effectively distinguish the type in the same species .Both of these two methods could be used for Brucella molecular typing , but MLVA is better than PFGE for its relatively higher discriminating ability .
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Objective To investigate the polymorphism of Brucella melitensis biovar 3 ( B.melitensis biovar 3) strains isolated from Guangdong province .Methods PCR assays followed by agar-ose gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis based on the multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) were performed to analyze 43 clinic isolates of B.melitensis biovar 3 strains isolated from clinical patients in Guangdong province .Results MLVA typing showed that the simi-larities of the analyzed locus among 43 strains of Brucella ranged from 68.2%to 100%.32 genotypes identi-fied among the isolates were identical (100%similarity).27 out of 43 strains (62.8%) were single geno-types, while the other 16 strains (37.2%) belonged to 5 other genotypes with 2 to 5 strains in each of them . Conclusion B.melitensis biovar 3 isolates showed polymorphism distribution in Guangdong province as in-dicated by MLVA typing analysis .Single-genotype isolates accounted for 62.8% of all studied strains.No predominant genotype was found among all isolates .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the associations of genetic polymorphisms in GSTs genes of the Hakka population of south China with family histories of certain chronic diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five hundred and thirty-nine healthy Hakka natives of Meizhou city of Guangdong province in south China were involved. The genotypes of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GSTM3, and GSTA1 were determined using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The observed polymorphisms were analyzed by Chi-square and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associations of the distributions of GST genotypes with family history of certain chronic diseases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The distributions of polymorphisms in GSTP1, GSTM3, and GSTA1 conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Compared to the Cantonese, the Hakka had a lower distribution of the GSTM3 deletion genotype (3.15% vs. 11.9%). A weak association was observed between the GSTM1 genetic polymorphism and family history of hypertension. Alcohol drinkers had a higher frequency of the null-GSTM1 genotype, while smokers had a higher frequency of a variant GSTP1 genotype.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results suggest that the Hakka is a special and distinctive Han Chinese ethnic group with different GSTs genetic polymorphisms. Smoking and drinking might be related to the distribution of GST genotypes.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Alcohol Drinking , Genetics , Asian People , Genetics , China , Ethnology , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Glutathione Transferase , Genetics , Hypertension , Genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Smoking , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To develop a rapid and sensitive DNA microarray for Listeria monocytogenes detection.Methods A DNA microarray was developed using gyrB,ISR,16S rRNA,23S rRNA,hlyA,iap and prfA as the target genes and tested against 18 different species of known reference for repeatability,sensitivity,and specificity to verify the effectiveness of the chip.Results After testing of samples by the LM array,results show that the 70 mer Oligos synthesized by IDT are superior to the Oligos synthesized by Sagon with respect to both probe spotting or samples detection.The comparison of 3 spotting probe concentrations of 10 μmol/L,40 μmol/L and 80 μmol/L demonstrated that the 10 pmol/L probes result in good detection signals equivalent to the 40 μmol/L and 80 μmol/L probes.The repeatability and sensitivity evaluated by sample testing on the LM array revealed that the chips developed in this study have good repeatability and the lower limit of sample detection is 0.9 ng DNA.The LM array can distinguish clearly and definitively between Listeria and non-Listeria bacteria in the sample.Conclusion The microarray is able to rapidly detect and identify Listeria monocytogenes.
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Objective To understand the genetic characteristics of Enterovirus 71 ( EVT1 ) circu-lating strains of Guangdong province in 2008. Methods We isolated an EV71 strain from the fatal case of the hand, foot and mouth disease during an epidemic of Guangdong in 2008. Its complete genome was se-quenced and analyzed comparatively. Results The results showed that the full length of EV71 GDFS-3 ge-nome( not including poly A tail ) is 7405 bp. No insertion or deletion is detected in the coding region. There are several insertions and deletions in 5'and 3'UTR. Phylogenetic analysis of GDFS-3 and reference strains showed GDFS-3 strain shares the highest nueleotide homology with TW984 strain(96.0% ) but low homology with SIN5865, MS and BrCr( about 81.0% ). GDFS-3 strain also shares the highest amino acid homology with TW984 strain(99.0% ). It clustered with reference strains of CA subgenotype in the phylogenetie tree. The nucleotide identity with CA reference strains is 91.0% -95.0%. Conclusion The phylogenetic analysis based on the entire genome demonstrates that GDFS-3 strain has the nearest genetic relationship with TW984 strains ( isolated in 2004). GDFS-3 may belong to the same subgenogroup ( CA ) with Taiwan predominant strains. Otherwise,Some mutations in 5'UTR of EV71 may play the very important role in heightened viru-lence.
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Objectives Through analyzing the published scientific papers by the professionals of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province(GDCDC) from 2001 to 2006,to put forward some suggestions for the research management,the discipline development and the personnel training.Methods Literature quantitative analysis and health statistics methods were used to analyze these papers.Results The professionals of GDCDC published a total of 924 papers with an annual average of 154 in 114 kinds of periodicals from 2001 to 2006 of the 924 papers.264 papers(28.6%) were published in the key Chinese periodicals,320 papers(34.6%)in the South China Journal of Preventive Medicine,68 papers (7.4%)in the Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology and 51 papers(5.5%)in the China Public Health.Of the 924 papers,433 papers(46.9%)belonged in the field of health laboratory technology,354 papers(38.3%)in the field of disease prevention and control,and 70 papers(7.6%)in the field of public health.During the six years,79.2% of the total professionals Published at least one paper,58professionals published at least six papers.Of the 924 corresponding authors.56.8% aged 30～40 years old.48.9% had a bachelor degree,and 45.9% had a senior professional title.Conclusions In recent years,the quantity and quality of papers published by the professionals of GDCDC were improved.The professional's ability to conduct scientific research was enhanced and the research level of GDCDC wag raised year by year.The predominant specialties of the academic research were in the field of health laboratory technology and disease prevention and control.But the professional work and discipline development of Public health should be sirengthened further.
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Objective To determine the prevalence of the polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTM3 genes in target population in Guangdong province and to investigate the linkage between the two genes and their association with the family history distribution of the target population. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction (PCR)-2% agarose gel electrophoresis and PCR-12% PAGE electrophoresis approaches were employed to detect the genotype of the GSTM1 and GSTM3. The data was analyzed with SPSS10.0 software. Results The frequency of GSTM1(-) genotype was 56.8%(n=597). The frequency of genotype of GSTM3*A-*A,*A-*B,*B-*B were 62.3%,25.8%,11.9% respectively. Conclusion A linkage between the GSTM1 and GSTM3 gene is showed in the present paper. The analysis of logistic regression shows that the expression of homozygote for GSTM3*B-*B gene is correlated with the family history of coronary heart disease in the target population.
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Objective To investigate the distribution of genetic polymorphisms of human glutathione-S-transferase P1 and M1(GSTP1 and GSTM1) in Hakka population of Meizhou area in South China. Methods Co-amplifying GSTM1 and ?-Globin gene to detect the absence or presence of the GSTM1 gene, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) were used to identify the genotypes of GSTP1 gene,and the data were analyzed with SPSS10.0 software. Results The GSTP1 and GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms were examined in 512 samples. The frequency of null genotype of GSTM1 gene was 62.1%, while the frequency of GSTP1 A/A, GSTP1 A/G and GSTP1 G/G were 69.1%, 28.2% and 2.7% respectively, and the GSTP1 genetic polymorphism distribution was in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium rule. A significant difference was observed in GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms between drinkers and non-drinkers. The drinkers had higher frequency of absence GSTM1 gene. There was also a significant difference in the GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms between smoking group and non-smoking group. Compared with non-smokers, the smokers had a higher frequency of mutate genotype of GSTP1 gene and lower frequency of wild genotype. However there were no differences shown on the frequency of the GSTP1 genotypes in the aspect of cumulative tobacco consumption. Logistic regression analysis results showed that there was a weak association between the GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms and family history of hypertension. Conclusion There are significant differences in the GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms among different smoking status and in GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms between drinkers and non-drinkers. A weak association has been observed between the GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms and family history of hypertension.