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ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiopulmonary function is directly related to the body's ability to perform metabolism under aerobic conditions. It is a key characteristic for the training of professional swimmers. It is believed that adding interval training to traditional workouts may contribute to the aerobic endurance of these athletes. Objective: Evaluate the interval training effects on the cardiorespiratory capacity of swimmers. Methods: Twenty volunteer swimmers were randomly divided into two groups for seven weeks. There were 4 hours of class per week, totaling 28 hours of training. In the formal training stage, the experimental group performed intermediate-intensity training, while the control group continued to perform traditional swim team training. The experimental indicators pertinent to the evaluated athletes were collected, tested, and analyzed before and after the experiment. Results: The VO2 of the athletes in the experimental group increased from 3.90±0.67L/min before the experiment to 4.06±0.73L/min after the experiment; VE increased from 156.08±35.76L before the experiment to 180.08±39.42L after the experiment; underwater endurance time increased from 46.80±8.43s before the experiment to 55.49±7.60s after the experiment. Conclusion: Intermittent training improves athletes' physical fitness and sports capacity, being an effective method to improve cardiopulmonary function. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: A função cardiopulmonar está diretamente relacionada à capacidade do organismo de executar a metabolização sob condições aeróbicas. É uma característica chave para os treinamentos de nadadores profissionais e acredita-se que a adição do treinamento intervalado nos treinos tradicionais possa contribuir à resistência aeróbica desses atletas. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do treinamento intervalado sobre a capacidade cardiorrespiratória dos nadadores. Métodos: Vinte nadadores voluntários foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos durante 7 semanas. Foram 4 horas de aula por semana, totalizando 28 horas de treino. Na etapa de treinamento formal, o grupo experimental realizou essencialmente o treinamento de intensidade intermediária, enquanto o grupo de controle permaneceu executando o treinamento tradicional da equipe de natação. Os indicadores experimentais pertinentes aos atletas avaliados foram coletados, testados e analisados antes e depois do experimento. Resultados: O VO2 dos atletas do grupo experimental aumentou de 3,90±0,67L/min antes do experimento para 4,06±0,73L/min após o experimento; o VE aumentou de 156,08±35,76L antes do experimento para 180,08±39,42L após o experimento; o tempo de resistência subaquática aumentou de 46,80±8,43s antes do experimento para 55,49±7,60s após o experimento. Conclusão: O treinamento intermitente contribui para melhorar a aptidão física e a capacidade esportiva dos atletas, sendo um método eficaz no aprimoramento da função cardiopulmonar. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: La función cardiopulmonar está directamente relacionada con la capacidad del organismo para realizar el metabolismo en condiciones aeróbicas. Es una característica clave para los entrenamientos de los nadadores profesionales y se cree que la adición del entrenamiento interválico en los entrenamientos tradicionales puede contribuir a la resistencia aeróbica de estos atletas. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del entrenamiento por intervalos sobre la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria de los nadadores. Métodos: Veinte nadadores voluntarios fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos durante 7 semanas. Se impartieron 4 horas de clase a la semana, totalizando 28 horas de entrenamiento. En la etapa de entrenamiento formal, el grupo experimental realizó esencialmente un entrenamiento de intensidad intermedia, mientras que el grupo control permaneció realizando el entrenamiento tradicional del equipo de natación. Los indicadores experimentales pertinentes a los atletas evaluados fueron recogidos, testados y analizados antes y después del experimento. Resultados: El VO2 de los atletas del grupo experimental aumentó de 3,90±0,67L/min antes del experimento a 4,06±0,73L/min después del experimento; el VE aumentó de 156,08±35,76L antes del experimento a 180,08±39,42L después del experimento; el tiempo de resistencia subacuática aumentó de 46,80±8,43s antes del experimento a 55,49±7,60s después del experimento. Conclusión: El entrenamiento por intervalos contribuye a mejorar la forma física y la capacidad deportiva de los atletas, siendo un método eficaz para mejorar la función cardiopulmonar. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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Objective:To study performed of develop a mice model of allergic diseases induced by crude extractings from populus pollen.Methods: A total of 60 BALB/c mice were divided randomly into there groups:normal control group,Albumin Egg(OVA) group and populus pollen model group with 20 in each.Mices were repeatedly sensitized by intraperitoneal injections of OVA or crude populus pollen extract every 5 d for four doses.Five days after the last sensitization,mices were repeatedly challenged by once daily antigen from 21-25 d.The changes of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin(HE) to evaluate the degree of allergic inflammation.PAS staining was used to observe the secretion of airway mucus;The changes of the nasal mucosas and lungs of mice were stained with HE to evaluate the degree of allergic inflammation.And the average optical density of IL-4 and IFN-γ positive cells in lung tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry.The total IgE in the serum was also measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA).Results: Compared with the mice in normal control group,those in OVA group and model group developed obvious allergic inflammation in the nasal mucosas and lungs,and increased airway mucus secretion.The number of inflammatory cells including eosinophil and neutrophils markedly increased in BALF smear.The average optical density of IL-4 positive cells in lung tissue was all increased in OVA group and model group compared with those in normal control group,and the average optical density of IFN-γ in lung tissue was on the contrary.The total IgE in the serum were all increased in OVA group and model group compared with those in normal control group,and the IFN-γ in the serum was significantly reduced in OVA group and model group compared with those in normal control group.Conclusion: Taken together,crude populus pollen extract can successfully induce a mice model of allergic diseases.This model is a useful tool in studying the mechanisms of allergic disease.
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Objective To discuss the effects of different drying methods on composition and antioxidative activities of the volatile oil fromCymbopogon citrates; To optimize the best drying method for Cymbopogon citrates. MethodsCymbopogon citrates was dried by drying in the sun, drying in the shade and oven drying at 40℃. Volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation. Chemical constituents in the volatile oil were analyzed by GC-MS and the antioxidative activities were determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP method).Results Extraction rate of the volatile oil fromCymbopogon citratesunder the environment of freshness, sun drying, shade drying and oven drying at 40℃ were 0.25%, 1.21%, 1.19% and 1.17%, respectively; after dried by different methods, main constituents and antioxidative activities of the volatile oil fromCymbopogon citrates were basically same. Conclusion Different drying methods have little influence on composition and antioxidative activities of the volatile oil fromCymbopogon citrates. Oven drying at 40℃ was the best way to dryCymbopogon citrates.
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AIM:To observe the effect of supplementing bilirubin on the anti-oxidative stress ability of red cell membrane in training rats through establishing animal models of high-intensity training. METHODS:The experiment was performed in the physiological laboratory of Physical Institute of Jiangxi Normal University from December 2004 to January 2005.①After one week of adaptive feeding,24 male SD rats were randomly divided into quiet control group,high intensity sports training and physiological saline group(training group),high intensity sports training and bilirubin group(training and supplementing group)with 8 animals in each group.②The training group and the training and supplementing group did the running on the platform with the slope of 0?at the first three weeks and 5?at the fourth week,6 days every week expect Sunday.The training and supplementing group was intragastrically infused with bilirubin by 40mg/kg body mass at 17:00-18:00 after training every day,and the other groups were given physiological saline,six times every week.Anticoagulatory blood about 2mL of heparin was harvested to prepare red cell membrane sample and measure the relevant indexes on the 4~(th)Sunday.③The serum total bilirubin level was determined using automatic biochemical analysis instrument;the malondialdehyde(MDA)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)of red cell membrane by TBA;the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)of red cell membrane using the method of Xanthine oxidase.All the treatment for animals was based on the ethical standards. RESULTS:All 24 rats were involved in the result analysis.①The serum total bilirubin level in training group was lower than quiet control group(P0.05).②The MDA of the red cell membrane in the training group was higher than the control and training and supplementing group(P0.05).③The activity of SOD in training group was lower than quiet control group(P0.05),but the training and supplementing group was higher than the control group and the training group(P