ABSTRACT
In view of the public academic papers of Professor LIU Zhicheng, his academic track is analyzed, including validating effect, exploring mechanism, improving efficacy, expanding disease variety, deepening mechanism, optimizing program and seeking breakthrough. On this basis, combined with the self-character of TCM, the potential path for the academic cultivation of young scholars is refined: focusing on clinical practice, confirming clinical efficacy, deepening mechanism exploration, improving clinical therapeutic effect, optimizing clinical program, extending clinical disease spectrum, inheriting, seeking, breaking through, innovating, expecting and topping over. It is believed that during the academic cultivation, the importance is to form the stable research direction and continuity, organize research team, absorb actively new knowledge and thoughts, and adopt multidisciplinary cross and coordination so as to achieve the greater success ultimately.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Acupuncture , Education , History , Acupuncture Therapy , History , China , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Publications , Teaching , HistoryABSTRACT
Aim To study the combined effect Euphor-bia kansui of and Glycyrrhiza uralensis on metabolism of Kansuinine A and Kansuinine B. Methods Control, GU and GU plus EK groups were treated for 10 days, respectively. Then the liver microsomes were pre-pared. KA and KB were incubated with microsomes of each group, and concentrations of KA and KB were measured to reflect the metablism of KA and KB. E-rythromycin, diphenhydramine hydrochloride,benzbro-marone, cimetidine, fluconazole the inhibitors of CYP3 A4 , CYP2 D6 , CYP2 C9 , CYP1 A2 , CYP2 C19 respectively, were incubated with KA and KB. Con-centrations of KA and KB were measured to reveal the cytochrome P450 isoforms which involved in the metab-olism of them. KA and KB were incubated with glycyr-rhizic acid and enoxolone. Then concentrations of KA and KB were measured to reveal the effects of glycyr-rhizic acid and enoxolone to KA and KB. Results Concentrations of KA and KB in GU plus EK group were significantly higher than those in control and EK groups, which showed that the metablisom of KA and KB was inhibited in GU plus EK group. In addition, concentrations of KA and KB were higher in microsomes incubated with erythromycin, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, benzbromarone, cimetidine and fluconazole than in control group, which revealed that the metablism of KA and KB was slowed down when CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP1A2 and CYP2C19 were inhibited. They may participate in the metablisom of KA and KB. After incubation with glycyrrhizic acid and enoxolone, the metablism of KA and KB was slowed down. Conclusions KA and KB may be the substrates of CYP2C19. GU plus EK can inhibit the activity of CYP2C19, which resulted in KA and KB metablism slowing down and accumulation. In addition, glycyrrhizic acid and enoxolone can inhibit the metablism of KA and KB. It may be one of the reasons of increased toxicity of GU plus EK.
ABSTRACT
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were found as a species of small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules with the size of 20 to 25 nucleotides in recent years, which featured highly conserved and endogeny. It depredated and inhibited the target mRNA translation by complementary base pairing with the target mRNA. According to the latest study, miRNA was closely related with obesity, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Obesity had became a major public health problem worldwide, which showed as an unusual increase in both the number and size of fat cells based on excessive accumulation of fat lead by the body’s energy metabolism imbalance of a metabolic disease. Among them, miRNA-193b-365 had an abnormal expression in adipocyte differentiation and obesity status. It might be involved in adipocyte differentiation and the development of obesity. Thus, it was of great significance to do a deep research in the understanding adipocyte differentiation mechanism to prevent and treat obesity. This paper reviewed research progress in this field.
ABSTRACT
The uptake of oral administered drugs primarily occurs in the small intestine,which also has the capability to metabolize drugs.Both phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ metabolic enzymes were expressed in the intestinal mucosa,and cytochromes P450(CYP450s) are the principle enzymes attributed to the biotransformation of drugs.CYP3A and CYP2C are the most abundant subfamilies,accounting for approximately 80% and 16% of total CYP450s in the intestine.Compared to the liver,the expression and activity of CYP450 enzymes in the intestine was susceptible to inducers or inhibitors,leading to drug-drug interaction.This article reviews the expression of CYP enzymes in small intestine and the role of the gut wall in CYP-mediated xenobiotic metabolism.Possible drug-drug interactions due to induction or inhibition of CYP enzymes in the small intestine are also addressed.