Expression of annexin A1 (ANXA1) and A2 (ANXA2) and its significance in benign and malignant lesions of gallbladder / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression levels of ANXA1 and ANXA2 and elucidate their clinicopathological significance in adenocarcinoma, peritumoral tissues, adenomatous polyp and chronic cholecystitis of gallbladder.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>EnVision(TM) immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of ANXA1 and ANXA2 in paraffin-embedded tissue sections from resected specimens of adenocarcinoma (n = 108), peritumoral tissue (n = 46), adenomatous polyp (n = 15) and chronic cholecystitis (n = 35).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates and scores of ANXA1 and ANXA2 were significantly higher in adenocarcinoma (59.3%, 56.5%; 3.2 ± 0.9, 3.4 ± 0.8) than those in peritumoral tissues (34.8%, 1.1 ± 0.8, P < 0.01; 30.4%, 1.0 ± 0.8, P < 0.01), adenomatous polyp (26.7%, 0.9 ± 0.7, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01; 26.7%, 0.9 ± 0.8, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and chronic cholecystitis (17.1%, 0.7 ± 0.9, P < 0.01; 20.0%, 0.8 ± 0.8, P < 0.01). The benign lesions with positive ANXA1 and/or ANXA2 expression showed mild to severe atypical hyperplasia of the gallbladder epithelium. The positive rates of ANXA1 and/or ANXA2 were significantly lower in the well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, in a maximal diameter of < 2 cm, with no metastasis to lymph nodes and no invasion to surrounding tissues than those in the moderately or poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma, in a maximal diameter of ≥ 2 cm, with metastasis to lymph nodes and invasion in surrounding tissues (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). A high consistence was found between the expression levels of ANXA1 and ANXA2 (χ(2) = 67.84, P < 0.01), and a close positive correlation between the scores of ANXA1 and ANXA2 (r = 0.78, P < 0.01) in gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that ANXA1 or ANXA2 was not an independent prognostic predictor in gallbladder adenocarcinoma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression levels of ANXA1 and/or ANXA2 may be important biological markers in the carcinogenesis, progression and biological behaviors of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.</p>

Laparoscopic partial gastrectomy: Analysis of 18 procedures / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the laparoscopic partial gastrectomy and the indications.@*METHODS@#Eighteen patients who underwent laparoscopic partial gastrectomy from August 2005 to May 2006 were analyzed retrospectively.@*RESULTS@#Sixteen patients (including 6 with gastric cancer, 9 with duodenal ulcer, and 1 with gastric multiple polyps) underwent laparoscopic partial gastrectomy. The other two patients underwent an open surgical procedure (1 patient with the tumor size large than 6 cm, and the other patient with bleeding after loosening one clip). The rate of intraoperative subcutaneous emphysema was 5.88% (1/17), and no death occurred. The operation time was (285+/-30)min on average, the estimated blood loss was (130+/-50)mL, and the hospitalization was (11+/-4)d. One case of obstruction of distal loop happened after the surgery, and the rate was 6.25% (1/16). The patients were followed up for 1 approximately 9 months postoperatively. Trocar puncture-site metastases occurred in one patient.@*CONCLUSION@#Laparoscopic partial gastrectomy is safe and feasible with skillful laparoscopic technique and with restricted indications, and the surgical outcome may be similar to that of the open surgery.

Highly-selective regional vascular exclusion for large liver tumor resection / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the highly-selective regional vascular exclusion in the risk hepatectomy for liver tumor.@*METHODS@#Short hepatic veins were ligated and divided followed by the dissection, and isolation of the inflow and outflow vessels of the tumor-bearing lobe, which were completely devascularized after the occlusion of these vessels. The blood loss volume, postoperative recovering situation of the liver function and the incidence of complication were observed in 68 cases.@*RESULTS@#Main hepatic veins were dissected and isolated exo-hepatically in 65 cases. In the other 3 cases, the main hepatic veins were blocked by Satin skin clamp applied longitudely along the inferior vena cava. Hepatic pedicle was routinely excluded.The amount of blood loss was from 400 to 1200 (600+/-200) mL and 26 (65%) cases didn't receive transfusion.There was no operative mortality and liver function failure. Surgical complications included subphrenic abscess in 2 cases and bile leakage in 2 cases, which were cured conservatively.@*CONCLUSION@#Highly-selective regional exclusion of hepatic blood flow during the risk hepatectomy is safe and effective to prevent massive bleeding and to reduce the incidence of liver failure.

Nanobacteria in serum, bile and gallbladder mucosa of cholecystolithiasis patients / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find the distribution of nanobacteria in the serum, bile and gallbladder mucosa of cholecystolithiasis patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The infection rate of nanobacteria was identified by ELISA in the serum samples from 338 healthy people and 76 patients with cholecystolithiasis (chi(2) = 0.89, P > 0.05). Nanobacteria were cultured from the bile samples in 57 patients with cholecystolithiasis and 18 non-cholelithiasis patients and identified by immunohistochemical staining and TEM (chi(2) = 29.80, P < 0.05). Forty samples of gallbladder mucosa randomly selected from the 57 cholecystolithiasis patients were identified by immunohistochemical staining and compared with the corresponding bile samples.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The infection rate of nanobacteria was 8.0% and 31.6% for the serum samples of the healthy people and cholecystolithiasis patients, respectively. The positive rate of nanobacteria in the bile samples was 61.3% and there was no significant difference in the bile of the cholecystolithiasis patients and the control group (61.4% vs. 61.1%). Fourteen positive patients had infection of nanobacteria in the gallbladder mucosa, submucosa, and calcific field.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The infection rate of nanobacteria was 8% in the serum samples from the healthy people. There are nanobacteria in the serum, bile, and gallbladder mucosa. The infection of the nanobacteria may result in calcification and fibrosis of the gallbladder.</p>

Differential gene expression of liver carcinoma cell after transfection of by ARL-1 with microarray / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the difference of the gene expression profile and to identify the different expression after transfection of the ARL-1 gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cDNA probes were synthesized from total RNA of study group and control group, which was differentially hybridized to cDNA chips and confirmed by a gene specific semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six kinds of gene expression were increased and 9 kinds of gene expression were decreased. The findings were correlated with protein metabolism, signal pathway, metastasis, and drug resistance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>cDNA chips showed that gene expression profile of liver carcinoma cell was changed after transfection of the ARL-1 gene. It is a useful method in understanding the mechanism of drug resistance.</p>