ABSTRACT
<p><b>Objective</b>Gastroscopy combined with gastric mucosa biopsies is currently regarded as a gold standard for diagnosis of gastric cancer. However, its application is restricted in clinical practice due to its invasive property. A new noninvasive population screening process combining the assay of anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody and serum pepsinogen (PG) (ABC method) is adopted to recognize the high-risk patients for further endoscopy examination, avoiding the unnecessary gastroscopy for most population and saving the cost consumption for mass screening annually. Nevertheless, controversies exist for the grouping of ABC method and the intervals of gastroscopy surveillance for each group. In this review, we summarized these popular concerned topics for providing useful references to the healthcare practitioner in clinical practice.</p><p><b>Data Sources</b>The PubMed databases were systematically searched from the inception dates to November 22, 2017, using the keywords "Helicobacter pylori," "Pepsinogens," and "Stomach Neoplasms."</p><p><b>Study Selection</b>Original articles and reviews on the topics were selected.</p><p><b>Results</b>Anti-H. pylori antibody and serum PG concentration showed significant changes under the different status of H. pylori infection and the progression of atrophic gastritis, which can be used for risk stratification of gastric cancer in clinic. In addition, anti-H. pylori antibody titer can be used for further risk stratification of gastric cancer contributing to determine better endoscopy surveillance interval.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>The early detection and diagnosis of gastric cancer benefit from the risk stratification, but the cutoff values for H. pylori antibody and serum PG concentration require further modification.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies, Bacterial , Blood , Allergy and Immunology , Gastroscopy , Helicobacter Infections , Blood , Allergy and Immunology , Helicobacter pylori , Allergy and Immunology , Mass Screening , Methods , Stomach Neoplasms , Blood , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Objective: The co-stimulatory molecule B7-H3 plays an important role in prognosis of several malignancies. However, its prognostic value in clinic in patient with colorectal cancer [CRC] is still controversial. This meta-analysis evaluated the relationship between B7-H3 expression and the outcomes of CRC patients
Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, CNKI and Wanfang database were searched for the studies on the relationship between the expression of B7-H3 and prognosis of CRC patients. Pooled odds ratios [ORs] analysis with 95% confidence interval [95% CIs] for lymph node metastasis, 24-month overall survival and 72-month overall survival were performed mainly using Review Manager 5.0
Results: Six articles including 1,202 total CRC cases were included for the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis with fixed-effects model showed that B7-H3 expression had no relationship with lymphatic metastasis in CRC patients [Fixed-effects, OR= 1.18; 95 % CI:0.87-1.61, P=0.28]. However, B7H3 expression was associated with 24-month overall survival [Fixed-effects, OR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.32-0.74, P<0.001] and 72-month overall survival [Fixed-effects, OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43-0.85, P< 0.01] in CRC patients
Conclusion: The co-stimulatory molecule B7-H3 expression is negatively associated with lymph node metastasis in CRC. However, B7-H3 detection might be a feasible and effective means to predict the prognosis in CRC patients
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of telocinobufagin on viability and apoptosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and explore the mechanism of telocinobufagin-induced apoptosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MTT assay was performed to detect the viability of CRC cells exposed to telocinobufagin. Nuclear staining with Hoechst 33342 and flow cytometry were used to analyze the cell death of CRC cells. Expressions of proteins related with cell apoptosis and oxidative stress were determined with Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Telocinobufagin decreased the viability of CRC cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The presence of karyopycnosis and apoptotic bodies together with the results of flow cytometry suggested that telocinobufagin induced cell apoptosis to cause cell death. Western blotting showed that telocinobufagin exposure of the cells resulted in upregulated p53 and Bax protein expressions and promoted cleavage of caspase 9 and PARP. Telocinobufagin induced phosphorylation of Bad and PARP cleavage, and suppressed phosphorylation of IKBα and TAK1 and expression of survivin in the cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Telocinobufagin can decrease the viability of CRC cells by inducing cell apoptosis, which involves p53-mediated Bax activation and inhibition of the IAP pathway.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Bufanolides , Pharmacology , Caspase 9 , Metabolism , Cell Survival , Colorectal Neoplasms , Pathology , MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases , Metabolism , NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha , Metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 , Metabolism , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 , Metabolism , bcl-2-Associated X Protein , Metabolism , bcl-Associated Death Protein , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the preoperative diagnosis value of 64-slice spiral CT three dimensional angiography (3D CTA) for the vascular invasion in gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CT images of 40 patients diagnosed as gastric cancer by endoscope,who proceeded to surgical exploration from August 2006 to December 2007,were collected. These images were rebuilt by 3D CTA to judge vascular invasion by gastric cancer in comparison with the surgical finding as standard reference.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Successful 3D CTA reconstructions were performed for all these 40 patient images. Out of 40 cases, 14 cases presented vascular invasion in the 3D CTA, and 12 of 14 cases were proved to have vascular invasion in the surgery. For assessing vascular invasion with CTA, the sensitivity was 98.1% and the specificity was 96.4% respectively (Chi Square chi(2)=0.0099,P>0.05). There was no significant differences regarding vascular invasion in gastric cancer between preoperative 3D CTA assessment and surgical finding.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sixty-four-slice spiral CT 3D angiography is effective in assessing vascular invasion in gastric cancer and is also valuable in clinical application.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angiography , Methods , Stomach Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Tomography, Spiral Computed , Vascular Surgical Procedures , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen the polypeptides specifically binding to human large intestinal cancer LoVo cells from a phage-displayed peptide library for potential use as targeting vectors for large intestinal cancer therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>With the LoVo cells as the target cells and human normal large intestinal mucosal epithelial cells as the absorber cells for subtraction biopanning from a c7c phage-display peptide library, the positive phage clones were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence detection. The amino acid sequences of the identified peptides were deduced by DNA sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 3 rounds of screening, 5 positive phage clones showing specific binding to LoVo cells and containing conserved motif RPMP were obtained from the 20 randomly selected clones.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Specific peptide against large intestinal cancer cells can be obtained from a phage-display peptide library for use as potential vectors for targeting therapy of large intestinal cancer.</p>