An observation on the long-term efficacy of recombinant hepatitis B vaccines among the newborns / 预防医学

Objective evaluate the long-term efficacy of the recombinant hepatitis B vaccines (HBV) among the newbornswith vaccination at birth. Methods During 1996-1997, 135 newborns were selected from Deqing according to the inclusioncriterion. They were divided into 2 groups: a group of 35 newborns whose mother was HBsAg positive) and a group of 100newbornswhose mother was HBsAg negative. All 135 newborns routinely received 3 doses of yeast -derived hepatitis Bvaccines (i.e. the first dose at birth, the second dose at 1 month old, and the third dose at 6 months old) . Serologicalmarkers to HBV were repeatedly assessed at 3 follow-up stages (i.e. the first follow-up at 12 months, the second follow-upat 2010, the third follow-up at 2012) . Results Participants remained in the study at 3 follow-upstages were 123(91.11%), 95(70.37%) and 46(34.07%) respectively. Participants' serum HBsAg were negative at all 3 follow-upstages. Among participants whose mothers were HBsAg positive, 3 participants were found to be HBcAb positive in 2010,and no new HBcAb positive participants were found in 2012. The rates of HBsAb positive at 3 follow-up stages were 88.89%, 81.48%, and 80.00% respectively. The HBsAb geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of participants at their 12 monthsold were significantly positively associated with those in 2010 and those in 2012(P<0.05) . Among participants whosemothers were HBsAg negative, no HBcAb positive participants were found. The rates of HBsAb positive at 3 follow-up stageswere 91.18%, 54.41%, and 52.78% respectively. No correlation was found among HBsAb GMCs of participants at 12 monthsold, in 2010 and in 2012. No correlation was found between boost vaccination and the rate of HBsAg positive, afteradjustment of the HBsAg status of their mothers. Conclusion The efficacy of the yeast-derived HBV could sustain for at least13-15 years, and the general population do not need booster immunization. After the 3-dose immunization, the HBsAblevels of the healthy mothers' 12-months-old children were related to those of their adolescence.

An evaluation on immunization effect and the influencing factors after revaccination with 60 μg hepatitis B vaccine among non-response adults / 预防医学

Objective To explore vaccine immune effects of 60μg hepatitis B on adults who have no response to hepatitis B vaccination.Methods A Total of 689 healthy adults who were HBsAg and anti -HBs negative were selected,and they were received 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine at dosage 10 μg.Those with anti-HBs<10 IU/L detected after full series vaccination were given 1 dose of hepatitis B vaccine at dosage 60 μg.One month later,anti-HBs detection was conducted for them.Results The non -responsiveness rate was 17.71% after primary hepatitis B vaccination.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for primary non-responsiveness were the history of surgical operation, immunization schedule and "anti-HBc alone".The anti-HBs positive rate was 95.5 1% in 89 re-vaccinated people, and the geometric mean titers of anti -HBs(GMT)was 585.39 IU/L.Conclusion Re -immunization of hepatitis B vaccine at dosage 60 μg has good immunogenicity in people who have no response to primary vaccination,and weight control may improve the effect of hepatitis B re-immunization.

The long-term efficacy of recombinant hepatitis B vaccines for children / 预防医学

Objective To observe long-term efficacy of recombinant hepatitis B vaccines for children received fundamental immunization or booster dose. Methods 493 school students from Deqing county with complete information of immunization history were investigated and their serological markers were detected. 430 students received booster dose vaccines at 3-11 years old and were defined as booster group while the remaining 63 students were defined as fundamental group. Results All vaccines the 493 students received for fundamental immunization were recombinant. Compared with fundamental group(57. 14%),booster group had significantly higher Anti-HBs positive rate of 91. 40%(P<0. 01). And the Anti-HBs positive rate had a high level of 94. 99% when 0-5 years after booster immunization while it declined to 64. 71% after 8-15 years and showed no significant difference compared with fundamental group. Conclusion Anti-HBs level and anti -HBs positive rate can significantly increase for short periods after booster immunization,and may decline considerably for long-term. Immunologic amnesia rate is low when 3 -11 years after fundamental immunization among infants.

Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection and its phylogenetic features among mother-teenager pairs / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) was investigated in a paired mother-teenager population and HBV S gene variation including overt and occult HBV,was determined.Methods A follow-up study based on an initial survey of 135 mother-teenager pairs was carried out through collection of questionnaires and blood samples HBsAg were detected by ELISA method,viral load by PCR amplification and HBV S gene by phylogenetic analysis.Results 102 pairs of subjects were followed-up.Blood samples from 94 mothers and 101children were collected.OBI prevalence in mothers was 10.0％ (6/60),significantly higher than 2.0％(2/101) in teenagers.Medians of viral load were 399.9 IU/ml and 247.6 IU/ml in overt and occult HBV strains,but without significant difference.1 occult HBV strain belonged to genotype B with serotype adw while the other 7 were genotype C with serotype adr.15 of the overt HBV strains belonged to genotype B with serotype adw and the other 8 were genotype C with serotype adr.Proportions of genotype-C strains were significantly higher in occult HBV strains than in overt HBV strains.Conclusion OBI was seen in teenage-mother population.

Relationship between HBeAg seroconversion with genotypes and HBV specific CTL in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with Adefovir dipivoxil / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore relationship between HBeAg seroconversion with HBV genotypes and HBV specific CTL in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated with Adefovir dipivoxil.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy CHB patients had positive HBV DNA (HBV DNA > or = 1 x 10(4) copy/ml), 45 cases had positive HBeAg, of whom 23 cases (51. 11%) had genotype B, 22 cases (48.89%) had genotype C. ALT > 2 x upper limit of normal value (ULN), human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A(n) positive, patients were treated with Adefovir dipivoxil (commercial name is Mingzheng, Zhengda Tianjing Pharmaceutical Company), 10 mg, orally, once a day. After treatment for 12 months, observe relationship between HBeAg seroconversion with HBV genotypes and HBV specific CTL.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment with Adefovir dipivoxil for 12 months, HBV specific CTL (0.68% +/- 0.11%) was higher than that before treatment (0.33% +/- 0.11%), t = 8.36 P < 0.001, HBV DNA (3.01 +/- 0.2) log10 copy/ml was lower than that before treatment (6.27 +/- 0.70) log10 copy/ml, t = 12.63 P < 0.001, HBV DNA turned negative (< 500 copy/ml) 43 cases (61.43%), in 45 cases with positive HBeAg, HBeAg turned negative in 13 cases (28.89%), 8 cases had HBeAg seroconversion (17.78%), HBV specific CTL (0.86% +/- 0.05%) of patients with HBeAg seroconversion is higher than (0.61% +/- 0.07%) of patients without HBeAg seroconversion (37 cases, 82.22%) t = 7.88, P < 0.001. In 8 cases with HBeAg seroconversion, 7 cases had genotype B (30.43% of genotype B), 1 cases had genotype C (4.55% of genotype C), chi2 = 5.15, P < 0.05.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Adefovir dipivoxil can enhance HBV specific cellular immunity of CHB patients. After treatment, occurrence of HBeAg seroconversion is related to increase of HBV specific CTL level and may be related to genotypes.</p>

Influence of adefovir dipivoxil on HBV specific CTL in patients with chronic hepatitis B / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the influence of adefovir dipivoxil on HBV specific CTL in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>10 mg adefovir dipivoxil (Zhengda Tianjing Pharmaceutical Company) was used for CHB patients with positive HBV DNA (HBV DNA > or = 1 x 10(4) copies/ml), ALT > 2 x upper limit of normal value (ULN) and positive human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A2, orally, once a day for 3 months. Real time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to determine HBV DNA and flowcytometer was used to determine HBV specific CTL.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment with adefovir dipivoxil for 3 months, HBV specific CTL (0.52 +/- 0.11)% was higher than that before treatment (0.34 +/- 0.14)%, t = 6.78 P < 0.01, HBV DNA of 28 cases turned to negative (<1 x 10(3) copies/ml) (62.22%). HBV DNA of 17 cases failed to turn negative 3 months after treatment, but their HBV DNA level was lower [(4. 18 +/- 0.4) log 10 copies/ml] than that before treatment [(6.23 +/- 0.73) log 10 copies/ml], t = 9.99, P < 0.01.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Adefovir dipivoxil can improve HBV specific cellular immunity in patients CHB.</p>

Seasonal pattern and phylogenetic analysis with human isolates of genotype-IV hepatitis E virus in swine herds, eastern China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the seasonal prevalence of genotype-IV hepatitis E virus (HEV) in swine herds in Eastern China and explore the phylogenetic relationship between swine HEV and human HEV in the situation that zoonotic features of HEV had been confirmed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 2007 to June 2008, a total of 1200 swine bile specimens were collected from three slaughter houses located in Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangsu, the Eastern China, and detected for HEV RNA by using nested RT-PCR. The positive PCR products were sequenced. Then the swine HEV were phylogenetically determined with human HEV isolated in Eastern China.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate for HEV RNA in swine herds was 4.5% totally. Significant differences of HEV detection were not observed among seasonal pattern (Sep - Oct: 6%, Dec - Jan: 4.33%, Mar - Apr: 4.33%, May - Jun: 3.33%) but in geographic distribution (Jiangsu: 6%, Anhui: 5%, Zhejiang: 2.5%). Regardless of isolation from different areas,swine and human genotype-IV HEV shared a high similarity. Phylogenetically, there were 80% - 100% and 96% - 100% identities within swine genotype-lV HEV at the nucleotide and amino acid levels respectively. Between swine HEV and human HEV, there were also similarities of 76% -99% and 95% - 100%. It was noted that some human and swine isolates were clustered with bootstrap values of > 90%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Genotype-IV HEV is widely prevalent in swine herds in Eastern China and original common ancestor of evolution and transmission was implied. The sustaining prevalence within swine herds should have a probable influence on the epidemic situation of hepatitis E in human beings.</p>

Phylogenetic analysis of sporadic hepatitis E virus in Eastern China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand phylogenetic characteristics of sporadic hepatitis E virus (HEV) in eastern China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four hundred and thirteen sera were collected from sporadic hepatitis E cases in 14 second- or first-class hospitals in Eastern China from 2005 to 2008 and detected with a nested RT-PCR assay. Partial nucleotide sequences of the HEV isolates were determined for phylogenetic analysis with prototype sequences in the GenBank.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The male-to-female sex ratio of the patients was 1.75:1 with 61.5% of them aged 40 - 69 years old. HEV RNA was detected in 140 out of 413(34%)serum samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the 140 HEV isolates belonged to genotype IV, sharing 77.9% - 88.3%, 80.8% - 90.6%, 73.4% - 85.2% and 91.0% - 95.4% nucleotide sequence identities with prototype I, II, III and IV HEV isolates respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It was evident that genotype IV HEV served as the main causative agent of sporadic HEV infection in Eastern China. However the viral origin and evolution needs further clarification.</p>