Overcoming chemoresistance in non-angiogenic colorectal cancer by metformin via inhibiting endothelial apoptosis and vascular immaturity / 药物分析学报

The development of chemoresistance which results in a poor prognosis often renders current treatments for colorectal cancer(CRC).In this study,we identified reduced microvessel density(MVD)and vascular immaturity resulting from endothelial apoptosis as therapeutic targets for overcoming chemoresistance.We focused on the effect of metformin on MVD,vascular maturity,and endothelial apoptosis of CRCs with a non-angiogenic phenotype,and further investigated its effect in overcoming chemoresistance.In situ transplanted cancer models were established to compare MVD,endothelial apoptosis and vascular maturity,and function in tumors from metformin-and vehicle-treated mice.An in vitro co-culture system was used to observe the effects of metformin on tumor cell-induced endothelial apoptosis.Transcriptome sequencing was performed for genetic screening.Non-angiogenic CRC developed inde-pendently of angiogenesis and was characterized by vascular leakage,immaturity,reduced MVD,and non-hypoxia.This phenomenon had also been observed in human CRC.Furthermore,non-angiogenic CRCs showed a worse response to chemotherapeutic drugs in vivo than in vitro.By suppressing endo-thelial apoptosis,metformin sensitized non-angiogenic CRCs to chemo-drugs via elevation of MVD and improvement of vascular maturity.Further results showed that endothelial apoptosis was induced by tumor cells via activation of caspase signaling,which was abrogated by metformin administration.These findings provide pre-clinical evidence for the involvement of endothelial apoptosis and subsequent vascular immaturity in the chemoresistance of non-angiogenic CRC.By suppressing endothelial apoptosis,metformin restores vascular maturity and function and sensitizes CRC to chemotherapeutic drugs via a vascular mechanism.

Clinical characteristics of patients with listeriosis / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with listeriosis and to provide a basis for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of hospital infection.@*METHODS@#A total of 10 inpatients, who suffered from the listeriosis in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2013 to June 2019, were retrospectively collected for this study. The characteristics of the patients' age, gander, basic information, case type, clinical manifestations, first consultation department, days of diagnosis, infection indicator, specimen type, results of drug sensitivity, treatment plan, hospital infection or not, outcome, follow-up data were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Two cases were pregnant women and other were non-pregnant adults among 10 patients with listeriosis. Among them, there were 3 cases with hospital acquired infection. The age of patient onset was 27-71 years old, and the time from onset to diagnosis was 5-36 days. Five cases had fever, and other 5 cases had not fever. There were headache, fatigue, local pain, and other specialized symptoms in the 10 patients.The white blood cell count,the neutrophil ratio, the inflammatory index C-reactive protein, the procalcitonin were all increased, and the erythrocyte sedimentation was accelerated in the 10 patients.All the patients were sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin G, meropenem, and compound sinomine.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Listeriosis often affects the patients with low immunity, which often leads to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis in clinic.So early prevention, early diagnosis, and early treatment can reduce mortality; it is important for departments of nosocomial infection management to manage patients' diet for avoiding outbreaks of listeriosis in hospital.

Iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysm surgically repaired with combined bovine pericardial roll and autologous great saphenous vein grafts / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysm caused by invasive procedures is one of the common complications for endovascular interventions. We present a case of a young male with a complex iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysm as a result of iatrogenic femoral artery puncture. The defective femoral artery was repaired with combined bovine pericardial tube and autologous great saphenous vein grafts. Computed tomography angiography showed the grafts were still patent one year after the surgery.

Experimental study and reflection on peacetime and wartime reconstruction of large general hospitals in public health emergencies / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To propose the architectural layout for the big general hospital in the face of public health emergencies, we analyzed the conditions, methods, problems and countermeasures for the reconstruction of the isolation ward from the existing medical building layout of a general hospital. The affected areas met the requirements of isolation ward in the reconstruction, and realized the corresponding partition and separation of people. But the cost of occupying the medical room should be concerned. General hospital should be alerted to potential risks of public health emergencies. The characteristics of different construction types, defects, and the function of the hospital should be considered in the construction, rebuilding, and expansion of the hospital, which shouldnot only meet the needs of the development of the hospital daily usage but also consider dealing with emergent public health events. We can adopt the reasonable layout, including setting up a firewall-like device between the channel and the floor, an ordinary ward at ordinary times, and an independent space for emergency by pulling down the gate. This strategy can not only avoid the problem of low utilization rate of the space occupied by the corresponding area in the ward for diseases spread by air and droplets, maximizing the efficiency of the medical site, but also avoid the problem of emergency response to the temporary reconstruction.

Clinical application of Chinese medicine combined with high dose interferon in postoperative adjuvant therapy of malignant melanoma of the skin / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To study the effect of Chinese medicine combined with large dose interferon in the postoperative adjuvant therapy of malignant melanoma of the skin.Methods A high dose of interferon alpha-2b (GanLeneng) (1200 IU/per day) was used in 20 cases of malignant melanoma of skin for 7 days.One course of treatment was 3 months,8 consecutive courses of treatment and traditional Chinese medicine (0.25 g) were administered 1 hour before meals,2 times a day,taking three weeks per month.Results One patient in 20 cases of patients did not receive timely treatment and resulted in death.The remaining patients were were still live from 2012 to the present.Local and distant metastasis lesions disappeared during the course of treatment.Conclusions Traditional Chinese medicine combined with high-dose interferon in cutaneous malignant melanoma as adjuvant treatment plays an important role.

Observation on expiration date and disinfectant efficacy of an alcohol-based hand disinfectant / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand the expiration date of alcohol-based hand disinfectant after it is opened for use,and provide reference for rational clinical application of alcohol-based hand disinfectant.Methods 20 bottles of the same brand alcohol-based hand disinfectant which opened at the same time by the clinical departments were selected as the study object,hand hygiene compliance in theses departments ranked fourth from the end in the hospital,specimens were taken on the first day after opening,and repeated every 10 days until the disinfectant was used up.Hand specimens were also taken after disinfected by disinfectant.Qualified condition of disinfectant and hand specimens was detected.Results A total of 98 disinfectant specimens were collected,by naked eye observation,20 bottles of alcohol-based hand disinfectant were free of discoloration,precipitation,and suspended matter during the whole study period.The qualified detection rates of alcohol-based hand disinfectant within 60 days after opening were all 100%.44 hand specimens were taken and detected after disinfection,3 of which were unqualified(all were disinfected by alcohol-based hand disinfectant 50 days after opening),then detected again after disinfected by the same batch of disinfectant,all were qualified,which suggested that unqualified detection result of hand specimens was not due to disinfectant.Conclusion Alcohol-based hand disinfectant still has a good bactericidal effect on the sixth day after opening.

Effects of spironolactone towards rabbit atrial remodeling with rapid pacing

This study aimed to observe the effects of spironolactone towards the rabbit atrial remodeling with rapid atrial pacing [RAP]. 30 rabbits were randomly divided into control group, RAP group and spironolactone group, with 10 rabbits in each group. RAP was performed at the speed of 800 beats/min for 8 h, atrial effective refractory period [AERP] was determined before and at the 1[st], 2[nd], 4[th], 6[th] and 8[th] of the pacing, the expressions of atrial muscular calcium channel alpha 1C subunit and beta 1 subunit mRNA were performed the RT-PCR detection, and ultrastructural changes of atrial myocytes were observed. AERP of RAP group shortened, with poor frequency adaptability; the expressions of calcium channel alpha 1C subunit and beta 1 subunit mRNA decreased 22% and 26%, respectively, when compared with the control group; ultrastructure of atrial myocytes changed significantly. AERP of spironotlactone group shortened less that RAP group, and the frequency adaptability was maintained, the decreased expressions of calcium channel alpha 1C subunit and beta 1 subunit mRNA significantly reduced. RAP could cause atrial remodeling, while spironolactone could inhibit RAPinduced atrial remodeling

Clinical analysis for patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To analyze the clinical characteristics of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) associated peritonitis in the tertiary hospitals and to discuss the preventive and therapeutic strategy.
 Methods: The clinical characteristics, pathogens, resistance and outcomes of 126 CAPD associated peritonitis in 104 patients from Jan, 2013 to June, 2016, were retrospectively analyzed.
 Results: Among the patients, the incidence rates of abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea and emesis were 104 (82.54%), 56 (44.44%), 49 (38.89%), and 31 (23.60%), respectively. Among them, 88 patients suffered peritonitis once, other 16 patients suffered multiple peritonitis or recurrent peritonitis for 38 times. Among the 38 times, the numbers for recurrent, repeated or catheter-associated peritonitis were 2, 2, or 3, respectively. Peritoneal fluids from 103 cases were cultured, and 64 cases were positive in bacteria, with a rate of 62.14%. A total of 70 strains of bacteria were separated, including 42 strains of gram-positive bacteria, 21 strains of gram-negative bacteria, and 7 strains of fungus. The most common gram-positive pathogens were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus, while Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common gram-negative bacteria. Candida albicans was the major fungal pathogens. Gram-positive cocci showed resistance to gentamycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, vancomycin and linezolid, with a rate at 20.00%, 36.11%, 5%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. The gram-negative bacilli were resistent to cefoperazone/sulbactam, gentamycin, cephazolin, and ceftazidime, with a rate at 6.25%, 10.53%, 64.29%, and 15.38%, respectively. There were no imipenem, amikacin, piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant strains were found.
 Conclusion: The most common pathogen causing CAPD associated peritonitis is gram-positive bacteria. It is crucial to take the anti-infection therapy for CAPD associated peritonitis early. The positive rates for bacterial culture need to be enhanced through improvement of methods. At the same time, doctors could improve the outcome of CAPD associated peritonitis by adjusting the medication according to the drug sensitivity results.

Survey on prevalence of healthcare-associated infection in Xiangya Hospital in 15 years / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in Xiangya Hospital,and provide reference for preventing and controlling HAI.Methods The cross sectional surveys on preva-lence rates of HAI,cross-sectional antimicrobial use,and bacterial detection among all hospitalized patients on the given days in 2000-2014 (except 2006)were carried out by combination of bedside investigation and medical record reviewing.Results The prevalence rates of HAI in 2000-2014 decreased from 6.30% to 3.91%,difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 35.14,P < 0.001 );prevalence rates of community-associated infection(CAI)were 15.61%-15.76%,there was no significant difference among each year.General intensive care unit (ICU)had the highest prevalence rate;respiratory tract was the most common site of both HAI and CAI;urinary catheterization rate showed a decreased tendency,arteriovenous catheterization rate showed a increased tendency,difference were both significant(χ2 = 5.21,96.24,respectively,both P <0.001).In 2008 - 2014,pathogenic detection rates for specimens from patients receiving therapeutic antimicrobial agents were 36.37%-44.51%,from patients with HAI were 34.00%-44.99%,detection rate of pathogens causing HAI were 41.57%-68.48%,all showed a increased tendency,difference was significant (χ2 = 22.78,10.03,26.49,respectively,all P < 0.001 ).Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens causing infection;both cross sectional and combination antimicrobial usage rates declined (P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Prevention and control of HAI,and antimicrobial management has achieved preliminary success,prevalence rate of HAI and cross sectional antimicrobial usage rate declined obviously,the main pathogen is gram-negative bacteria,and the major infection site is lower respiratory tract.

Training situation of provincial-level healthcare-associated infection train-ing agencies in China / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand the current situation and existing problems in the training of healthcare-asso-ciated infection(HAI)management,and provide scientific basis for strengthening the management of HAI preven-tion and control system.Methods A questionnaire survey was adopted to investigate situation of training on HAI in 15 provincial-level HAI training agencies in China during the past 30 years,and basic condition of training on HAI management in recent 5 years.Results Among 15 provincial-level training agencies,66.67%(n=10)were respon-sible by HAI management quality control centers,80.00% have already conducted training in each city,53.33%carried out training for 10 to 20 times,33.34% performed training for ≤2 times per year.Of 33 728 trainees in 2011-2015,41.30% were 41-50 years old,61.82% were nursing staff,50.56% had bachelor degree,43.96%were with the intermediate professional title.Most trainers were HAI prevention and control experts in their respec-tive province,accounting for 68.07%,the curriculums were mainly designed on professional course,and only 26.78% were involved in management.Conclusion Professional structure of HAI management personnel is not reasonable,faculty is imbalance,knowledge update is lacking,and HAI training and education system need to be improved further.

Removal of heavy metals from extract of Angelica sinensis by EDTA-modified chitosan magnetic adsorbent / 中国中药杂志

The concentrations of heavy metals in the extracting solutions of traditional Chinese medicine are usually very low. Furthermore, a vast number of organic components contained in the extracting solutions would be able to coordinate with heavy metals, which might lead to great difficulty in high efficient removal of them from the extracting solutions. This paper was focused on the removal of heavy metals of low concentrations from the extracting solution of Angelica sinensis by applying an EDTA-modified chitosan magnetic adsorbent (EDTA-modified chitosan/SiO2/Fe3O4, abbreviated as EDCMS). The results showed that EDCMS exhibited high efficiency for the removal of heavy metals, such as Cu, Cd and Pb, e.g. the removal percentage of Cd and Pb reached 90% and 94.7%, respectively. Besides, some amounts of other heavy metals like Zn and Mn were also removed by EDCMS. In addition, the total solid contents, the amount of ferulic acid and the HPLC fingerprints of the extracting solution were not changed significantly during the heavy metal removal process. These results indicate that EDCMS may act as an applicable and efficient candidate for the removal of heavy metals from the extracting solution of A. sinensis.

Differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules by multivariate analysis / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To discuss the feasibility and value of routine clinical preoperative examination predicting benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods The clinical data of 1630 patients undergoing thyroidectomy for nodular thyroid disease were analyzed retrospectively.The relationship between pathological diagnosis and physical examination,ultrasonographic parameters,the results of laboratory test and nuclear medicine test were examined to build a risk prediction model.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the formula were tested. Results In 387 cystic nodules 0.78％ were malignant; In 1243 solid nodules 17.2％ were malignant.Among the 1243 cases,characters significantly related to malignancy were:age younger than 40 years,solitary lobe involvement,hypoechoic nodule,irregular margins,solid nodule,microcalcification,macrocalcification,max diameter ≤ 2 cm. The prediction formula was: malignancy indicator =0.80 × age + 0.59 × solitary lobe + 0.72 × hypoechoic + 0.82 × irregular margin + 1.32 × solid nodule + 1.90 × microcalcification + 0.70 × macrocalcification + 0.71 × max diameter.The threshold limit value was 2.8,and the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of which were 74.4％,80.4％ and 75.2％,respectively. Conclusions Benign and malignant thyroid nodules could be differentiated roughly with the combination of patients' general information and the results of routine examination before operation.

Trans-gastric peritoneoscopy with technique of natural-orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery for diagnosis of tuberculosis peritonitis: a report of 20 cases / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of trans-gastric peritoneoscopy with technique of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES)for tuberculosis peritonitis.Methods Clinical data of 20 patients with tuberculosis peritonitis diagnosed by trans-gastric peritoneoscopy via NOTES were retrospectively analyzed.Results All diagnoses were confirmed by biopsy.The findings of peritoneoscopy were defined as miliary type with miliary nodes scattered in ascites and on peritoneum,adhesive type with thickening of peritoneum and adhesion between peritoneum and intestines,cheese-like type with parietal peritoneal ulcer and cheese-like substances,and mixed type with 2 or 3 of above mentioned types.Positive findings in other laboratory examinations were hemoglobin decrease in 10(50％)patients,blood sedimentation rate increase in 16(80％),C reactive protein increase in 13(65％),CA125 increase in 18(90％),and positive tuberculin test in 9(45％).Abnormal findings were detected by chest X-ray in 8(40％)patients,by abdominal ultrasonography examination in 2(10％),by abdominal CT in 7(35％),and by colonoscopy in 1(5％).No abnormal results were found in all patients in anti-tuberculosis antibody test,ascites bacteria culture and gastroscopy.Conclusion Trans-gastric peritoneoscopy via NOTES with biopsy is effective for diagnosis of tuberculosis peritonitis.

Optimization of acupuncture treatment programs for facial paralysis / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To optimize the acupuncture treatment programs for facial paralysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-three patients of facial paralysis were randomly divided and treated according to the table of L9 (3)4 in orthogonal test. They were treated with different combined programs of 4 factors and 3 levels, including factor A (acupuncture op portunity), B (acupoints prescription), C (quantity of stimulus) and D (time of electroacupuncture). The change of facial nerve function score was observed to choose the best acupuncture treatment program for facial paralysis from factor A (acupuncture opportunity), B (acupoints prescription), C (quantity of stimulus), D (time of electroacupuncture) and their 3 levels in each factor.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>B (acupoints prescription) and D (time of electroacupuncture) were significant factors (P < 0.05), and B (acupoints prescription) was the most important influential factor. B3 (alternative use of two groups of acupoints) was the best one among the 3 levels of B (acupoints prescription), and D3 (electroacupuncture in disperse-dense wave for 30 min) was the best one of D (time of electroacupuncture).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Two groups of acupoints alternatively used with electroacupuncture in disperse-dense wave for 30 min is the best treatment program for facial paralysis.</p>

Trausgastric peritoneal endoscopy in diagnosis of ascites with unknown origin / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of transgastric peritoneal endoscopy in diagnosis of ascites with unknown origin.Methods Endoscopy was introduced into peritoneal cavity through gastric wall in 23 patients with exudative ascites which was able to be diagnosed by routine methods and biopsy was made through endoscopy to get pathological diagnosis.Results Definite diagnosis was made in 22 patient (95.7%),of which 12 (54.6%) were malignant tumors,8 (36.4%) were tuberculosis peritonitis,1 (4.5%) was spontaneous peritonitis associated with liver cirrhosis and 1 (4.5%) was eosinophilic enteritis.Conclusion Natural orifice transluminal endoscopy combined with biopsy is an effective and accurate procedure for diagnosis of ascites of unknown canses.

Safety and efficacy of QianlieanSuppository for chronic prostatitis of damp-heat and blood-stasis syndrome: a randomized, single-blind, parallel controlled, multi-centered phase III clinical trial / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Qianliean Suppository in the treatment of chronic prostatitis of damp-heat and blood-stasis syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted a randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled, multi-centered clinical trial among 467 subjects, who were assigned to a trial group (n = 349) and a control group (n = 118), the former treated with Qianliean Suppository anally one pill per night for 28 days and the latter given Yejuhua Suppository in the same way. The efficacy was evaluated by the TCM syndrome, NIH-CPSI, main clinical symptoms and WBC count in EPS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the treatment, the total rates of recovery, excellence and effectiveness for the TCM syndrome were 4.4%, 58.0% and 90.7% respectively in the trial group, significantly higher than 0.9%, 33.1% and 70.4% in the control group (P < 0.025). Remarkable decreases were observed in the NIH-CPSI total score and the scores on pain and discomfort, voiding symptoms and quality of life in the former group compared with the latter (P < 0.025). The trial group also showed a marked alleviation of such main chronic prostatitis symptoms as urgent micturition and perineal pain and discomfort (P < 0.05), as well as an obvious improvement (55.2%) of the WBC count in EPS as compared with 32.4% in the control group (P < 0.05). No serious adverse events occurred in either of the two groups (0.56% [2/349 ] vs 0.83% [1/118]).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Qianliean Suppository is safe and effective for the treatment of chronic prostatitis of damp-heat and blood-stasis syndrome.</p>

Surgical treatment of Crohn's disease / 中国综合临床

Objective To explore the surgical treatment of Crohn's disease(CD).Methods Clinical data of 11 patients with Crohn's disease undergoing surgery were retrospectively analyzed.Results 9 cases were diagnosed before operation,with symptoms including abdomen pain,diarrhea or constipation,weight loss,and segmental lesions.Abdominal mass was the most common cause,accounting for 54.5%(6/11)in surgery,and intestinal obstruction was secondary.accounting for 36.4%(4/11),and perianal abscess,9.1%(1/11).Partial enterectomy and anastomosis was the main procedure.3 cases were suspected malignance and underging radical cure.The pathology results showed there was moderate atypical hyperplasia in 2 of 3.Most of the patients had a good recovery and their nutritional conditions were improved obviously(P＜0.05).Conclusion Abdominal mass and intestinal obstruction are the main causes of surgical management in patients with Crohn's disease.The possibility of cancerization is higher in patients with longer medical history.The length of intestine reseeted would be enough with visitable lesions resected,and the operative effects are as good as those underwent radical cure.

Changes in endothelial cellular adhesion molecule mRNA expressions in the cerebral blood vessels of rats with prestroke condition caused by simulated cold wave / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes in the mRNA expression of endothelial cellular adhesion molecules in the cerebral blood vessels in rats with prestroke condition caused by simulated cold wave.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two-kidney two-clip renovascular hypertension was induced in 48 male SD rats, which were subsequently randomly assigned into cold wave exposure and non-exposed group (n=24). Each group was further divided into 4 sub-groups according to their systolic blood pressure, namely the sham-operated group with blood pressure (BP)<140 mmHg, mild hypertensive group with BP of 160-199 mmHg, moderate hypertensive group with BP of 200-219 mmHg, and severe hypertensive group with BP no less than 220 mmHg. Cold wave exposure was simulated by housing the rats in an artificial climate chamber with 3 cycles of 12 h light at 22 degrees celsius; and 12 h dark at 4 degrees celsius;. The non-exposed group was kept at 22 degrees celsius; throughout the experiment. After the exposure, the rats were sacrificed and the tissues of the frontal lobe were slice into 2.0-mm-thick coronal sections for real-time RT-PCR detection of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and p-selectin mRNA expressions. The 5.0-microm-thick frozen sections from the bregma section underwent in situ hybridization of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and p-selectin. The other sections were stained with HE to observe the infarct lesions, and the rats with cerebral infraction were excluded from the statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In rats with cold wave exposure-induced prestroke condition and BP <220 mmHg, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and p-selectin mRNA expressions all increased compared with those in the non-exposed group. In rats with BP>or=220 mmHg and cold exposure, the expressions all decreased to some extent compared with those in the non-exposed treatment. In the non-exposed rats, a positive correlation of BP to VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and p-selectin mRNA expressions were noted, and this correlation was also found in cold-wave-exposed rats with BP <220 mmHg; VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and p-selectin mRNA expressions decreased dramatically in the exposed rats with BP >or=220 mmHg compared with those in rats with BP <220 mmHg.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Persistent and severe hypertension impairs the modulatory function of the cerebral vascular endothelia, which is a prerequisite for the stroke vulnerability. The modulatory function deteriorates as the BP further increases.</p>

Urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid variation in benzene exposed / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) variation in the benzene dynamic exposed rat models and benzene exposed workers, and study the feasibility of use of urinary S-PMA as the biomarker in benzene exposed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In an animal model study, forty-eight adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group, low-dose group, middle-dose group and high-dose group. The exposed groups were dynamically exposed for 28 days (4 periods) by benzene and the concentration was monitored. The urine was immediately collected after every exposure period and detected by the liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometry methods. In a cohort study, eighty benzene exposed workers in a ship-yard in Guangzhou were selected as the exposed subjects while forty healthy officers in the same shipyard who were not occupationally exposed to benzene were treated as the control. The urine was collected after work shift. The urinary S-PMA and the benzene in the workplace was treated as the rat model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the animal model study, the urinary S-PMA increased along with the environment benzene in every period and had significantly difference in the different exposed groups (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), but did not change along with the exposed time course (P > 0.05). In the cohort study, the urinary S-PMA in the high-dose group [(27.2 +/- 7.9)microg/L] was significantly higher than the low-dose group [(13.6 +/- 3.4)microg/L] (P < 0.01). Otherwise, the background of urinary S-PMA was lower than 5microg/L in both workers and rat models.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The urinary S-PMA can be proposed as a sensitive biomarker of occupational benzene exposure.</p>

A two-year animal experimental study on the pathological effects of Helicobacter pylori on liver tissues / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe whether H. pylori administered orally in mice could arrive in their livers after a long-term infection, leading to active inflammation and even causing HCC as an independent etiological factor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty C57BL/6 mice were orally administered H. pylori SS1 and kept for 24 months (experimental group) along with 13 mice which served as blank controls (control group). H. pylori colonization and pathologic consequences were studied in the livers and gastric tissues of the mice. The bacterial DNA extracted from liver tissues was examined by nested PCR for H. pylori 16S rRNA genes. 16S rRNA PCR amplicons were sequenced and compared with sequencing results of 16S rRNA PCR amplicons of the bacteria cultured from gastric mucosa and compared with that of the inoculated H. pylori SS1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 20 mice in the experimental group, H. pylori was found in the gastric mucosa of 12, and in 11 of them pathological gastric lesions were found, including one with gastric lymphoma. H. pylori were found in the livers of 7 mice. Liver lesions, one with mild inflammation, 3 with inflammation and fibrosis, 2 with inflammation, fibrosis and hepatocyte hyperplasia with atypia were found in 6 of them. No liver lesions were found in the mice of the control group. In the mice of the experimental group no liver lesions were found in those mice with no H. pylori in their gastric mucosae. Sequencing results of 16S rRNA PCR products of the liver showed 100% homogeneity with the cultured H. pylori from gastric mucosa and the administered H. pylori SS1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Two years after oral administration of H. pylori to C57BL/6 mice, gastric mucosal lesions and liver lesions, including inflammation, cirrhosis and hepatocyte hyperplasia with atypia were found in those animals.</p>