Improving the lower limb functioning and walking ability of stroke survivors with robot-assisted dual-task training / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of dual task training assisted by a lower limb rehabilitation robot on lower extremity mobility and the walking ability of stroke survivors.Methods:Sixty-one stroke survivors were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group with 30 in the control group and 31 in the experimental group. In addition to routine exercise training and physical therapy, both groups were given cognitive-motor dual task training 5 times a week for 3 weeks. But only in the experimental group was the dual task training assisted by a lower limb rehabilitation robot. Both groups′ lower limb motor function, walking ability, cognition, balance and ability in the activities of daily living were evaluated before and after the experiment using the Fugl-Meyer lower extremity assessment (FMA-LE), functional ambulation categories (FAC), the digital span test (DST), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Additionally, 6 survivors of a right hemisphere stroke from the experimental group received cognitive-motor dual task training both with and without the robotic assistance alternately. Near-infrared functional brain imaging was applied before and after the intervention, and the functional network connectivity of the resting brains was analyzed.Results:After the intervention the average FMA-LE, FAC, BBS and MBI scores had improved in both groups, with the improvement in the experimental group significantly better than in the control group on average. In terms of cognition there was no significant difference in the DST forward and backward assessment results between the two groups. The analysis of brain network functional connectivity showed that the intensity of functional connectivity between the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the left premotor cortex and supplementary motor cortex (PMC/SMA) increased significantly more, on average, after training assisted by the robot.Conclusion:Dual task training with the assistance of a lower limb rehabilitation robot can effectively improve the lower limb motor function, walking, balance and ability in the activities of daily living of stroke survivors. Enhanced functional connection of the PFC and the PMC/SMA in the healthy hemisphere induced by the robot may be the cause.

Correlation between tongue and pulse indicators and the outcome of live birth in frozen-thawed embryo transfer / 数字中医药（英文）

Objective @#To investigate the correlation between tongue and pulse indicators and the outcome of live birth in patients undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET), as well as the association between these indicators and patients’ endocrine parameters.@*Methods@#This study was conducted at Reproductive Medicine Center, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China, from March 8, 2021 to January 5, 2022. Patients undergoing FET were divided into live birth and non-live birth groups according to their live birth outcome. The differences between the endocrine parameters [basic follicle stimulating hormone (b FSH), basic luteinizing hormone (b LH), basic estradiol (b E2), basic progesterone (b P), basal endometrial thickness, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on endometrial transition day, luteinizing hormone (LH) on endometrial transition day, estradiol (E2) on endometrial transition day, progesterone (P) on endometrial transition day, and endometrial thickness on endometrial transition day] and the tongue and pulse indicators [tongue body (TB)-L, TB-a, TB-b, tongue coating (TC)-L, TC-a, TC-b, perAll, perPart, h1, h4, h5, t1, h1/t1, and h4/h1] of patients in the two groups were analyzed, with the correlation between these variables analyzed as well using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify the influential factors in the live birth prediction models across various datasets, including Model 1 consisting of endocrine indicators only, Model 2 solely consisting of tongue and pulse indicators, and Model 3 consisting of both tongue, pulse, and endocrine indicators, as well as to evaluate efficacy of the models derived from different datasets.@*Result@#This study included 78 patients in live birth group and 144 patients in non-live birth group. Compared with non-live birth group, live birth group exhibited higher levels of TB-L (P = 0.01) and TB-a (P = 0.04), while demonstrated lower levels of b FSH (P = 0.01), perAll (P = 0.04), and h4/h1 (P = 0.03). The Spearman’s correlation coefficient analysis revealed statistically significant correlation (P < 0.05) between TB-L, TB-b, TC-L, TC-b, perAll, perPart, h4, h5, t1, h1/t1 and b FSH, b LH, basal endometrial thickness, LH on endometrial transition day, E2 on endometrial transition day, P on endometrial transition day, and endometrial thickness on endometrial transition day in live birth group. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the prediction Model 3 for live birth outcome [area under the curve (AUC): 0.917,95% confidence interval (CI): 0.863 − 0.971, P < 0.001] surpassed the Model 1 (AUC: 0.698,95% CI: 0.593 − 0.803, P = 0.001), or the Model 2 (AUC: 0.790, 95% CI: 0.699 − 0.880, P < 0.001). The regression equations for the live birth outcomes, integrating tongue and pulse indicators with endocrine parameters, included the following measures: FSH on endometrial transition day [odds ratio (OR): 0.523, P = 0.025], LH on endometrial transition day (OR: 1.277, P = 0.029), TB-L (OR: 2.401, P = 0.001), perPart (OR: 1.018, P = 0.013), h1(OR: 0.065, P = 0.021), t1 (OR: 4.354, P = 0.024), and h4/h1 (OR: 0.018, P = 0.016).@*Conclusion@#In infertility patients undergoing FET, there exists a correlation between tongue and pulse indicators and endocrine parameters. The corporation of tongue and pulse indicators significantly improved the predictive capability of the model for live birth outcomes. Specifically, tongue and pulse indicators such as TB-L, perPart, h1, t1, and h4/h1 exhibited a discernible correlation with the ultimate live birth outcomes.

The neuroprotective effects of Haikun Shenxi capsule medicated serum on N2a/APP695 cells based on PINKl-Parkin mitophagy pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To research the neuroprotective effect of Haikun Shenxi (HKSX) medicated serum on N2a/ App695 cells and the underlying mechanism. Methods HKSX medicated serum was prepared and carbohydrate components in it was analyzed using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) . N2a/ App695 cells were intervened with HKSX medicated serum, the cytotoxicity of HKSX medicated serum was measured by MTT; AP[_

Current status and advances of cytomegalovirus pneumonia after hemato-poietic stem cell transplantation / 中国感染控制杂志

Cytomegalovirus(CMV)pneumonia is one of the common complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,and is also a significant cause leading to patient death.Due to the poor prognosis of CMV pneumo-nia,intervention measures are necessary to prevent CMV reactivation and progress to CMV pneumonia.At present,clinical medication mainly relies on preemptive treatment strategies,and the timing of medication depends on the timeliness of early diagnosis.However,feasible methodology and measures for the early diagnosis of CMV pneumo-nia in clinical practice are relatively limited.Meanwhile the diagnostic gold standard operation is invasive,causing trauma to a certain degree,and the detection timeliness is poor.This review summarizes the clinical status and ad-vances in the diagnosis and drug prophylactic treatment of CMV pneumonia after hematopoietic stem cell transplan-tation,and explores possible development directions and trends in the future.

Nanocrystals self-stabilized Pickering emulsion loaded with active components of Tongmai prescription: preparation, characterization and evaluation by Caco-2 cell model / 药学学报

It is of great significance to apply the nanocrystals self-stabilized Pickering emulsion (NSSPE) to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds, and to study the effect of NSSPE on the oral absorption of various components with different solubility and permeability. In the study, NSSPE of Tongmai prescription was prepared by the high pressure homogenization method with nanocrystals of main active components (puerarin, ferulic acid, salvianolic acid B and tanshinone IIA) of Tongmai prescription as solid particle stabilizers and a mixture of Ligusticum chuanxiong essential oil and Labrafil M 1944 CS as oil phase. The NSSPE had better physical stability than nanocrystals suspension and blank emulsion. The adsorption of nanocrystals on the surface of oil droplets was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The surface adsorption rates of puerarin, ferulic acid, salvianolic acid B and tanshinone ⅡA in NSSPE were 15.40% ± 3.19%, 15.39% ± 5.07%, 10.97% ± 3.70% and 31.51% ± 1.60%, respectively. When solid active components were prepared into nanocrystals suspension, the cellular uptake and transport across Caco-2 cells were increased significantly for puerarin and tanshinone IIA. The uptake rates of ferulic acid, ligustilide and tanshinone IIA in NSSPE were further increased compared with the physical mixture of nanocrystals suspension and oil, and the transports of ligustilide and tanshinone IIA were also significantly improved. The main absorption mechanisms of NSSPE were passive diffusion and caveolin-mediated endocytosis, which were determined mainly by the microstructure of NSSPE. In conclusion, NSSPE could be applied to complicated TCM. The "micro" and "nano" synergistic microstructure with drug nanocrystals adsorbed on the surface of micron-sized oil droplets could not only improve the physical stability of NSSPE, but also promote the absorption of various components in NSSPE, which made NSSPE a promising oral drug delivery system for TCM.

Comparative Analysis of Trends and Hotspots in Medical Ethics Research at Home and Abroad from 2012 to 2022 and Its Teaching Enlightenment / 中国医学伦理学

【Objective:】 To compare and analyze the trends and hotspots in the field of medical ethics at home and abroad, and explore their teaching enlightenment for medical ethics in China. 【Methods:】 The relevant papers indexed in CNKI and Web of Science database from December 31, 2011 to December 31, 2022 were retrieved with "medical ethics" as the key word. The bibliometric method was used to compare and analyze the research trends, keyword co-occurrence, and changes of research hotspots of medical ethics at home and abroad. 【Results:】 A total of 1,187 Chinese and English papers were included. Medical ethics education and bioethics were the common research topics both domestically and internationally. The research topics in China focused on ethical teaching and the ethical principles in clinical practice, and the research hotspots in the past two years were curriculum ideological and political education, teaching practice, etc. Foreign research focused on ethical issues in clinical practice, and in the past two years, the hotspots were clinical trial ethics, informed consent, and so on. 【Conclusion:】 Medical ethics research at home and abroad has different emphasis, with domestic research being theoretical oriented and foreign research being practical oriented. By deepening the content of courses, improving the sustainable education system, and strengthening interdisciplinary cooperation, the development of ethical education in China can be promoted. This paper can provide reference for improving the education system of medical ethics in China and pointing out the direction of further research on medical ethics.

Cytopathological characterization of ascites for the diagnosis of serous ovarian carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the cytomorphological and immunocytochemical features of tumor cells in the ascites of ovarian plasmacytoma (SOC). Methods: Specimens of serous cavity effusions were collected from 61 tumor patients admitted to the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2015 to July 2021, including ascites from 32 SOC, 10 gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, 5 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, 6 lung adenocarcinomas, 4 benign mesothelial hyperplasia and 1 malignant mesothelioma patients, pleural effusions from 2 malignant mesothelioma patients and pericardial effusion from 1 malignant mesothelioma. Serous cavity effusion samples of all patients were collected, conventional smears were made through centrifugation, and cell paraffin blocks were made through centrifugation of remaining effusion samples. Conventional HE staining and immunocytochemical staining were applied to observe and summarize cytomorphological characteristics and immunocytochemical characteristics. The levels of serum tumor markers carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were detected. Results: Of the 32 SOC patients, 5 had low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) and 27 had high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). 29 (90.6%) SOC patients had elevated serum CA125, but the difference was not statistically significant between them and patients with non-ovarian primary lesions included in the study (P>0.05); The serum CEA was positive in 9 patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma and 5 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and the positive rate was higher than that in SOC patients (P<0.001); The serum CA19-9 was positive in 5 patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma and 5 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and the positive rate was higher than that in SOC patients (P<0.05). The serum CA125, CEA and CA19-9 were within the normal range in 4 patients with benign mesothelial hyperplasia. LGSOC tumor cells were less heterogeneous and aggregated into small clusters or papillary pattern, and psammoma bodies could be observed in some LGSOC cases. The background cells were fewer and lymphocytes were predominant; the papillary structure was more obvious after making cell wax blocks. HGSOC tumor cells were highly heterogeneous, with significantly enlarged nuclei and varying sizes, which could be more than 3-fold different, and nucleoli and nuclear schizophrenia could be observed in some cases; tumor cells were mostly clustered into nested clusters, papillae and prune shapes; there were more background cells, mainly histiocytes. Immunocytochemical staining showed that AE1/AE3, CK7, PAX-8, CA125, and WT1 were diffusely positively expressed in 32 SOC cases. P53 was focally positive in all 5 LGSOCs, diffusely positive in 23 HGSOCs, and negative in the other 4 HGSOCs. Most of adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract and lung had a history of surgery, and tumor cells of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tend to form small cell nests. Immunocytochemistry can assist in the differential diagnosis of mesothelial-derived lesions with characteristic "open window" phenomenon. Conclusion: Combining the clinical manifestations of the patient, the morphological characteristics of the cells in the smear and cell block of the ascites can provide important clues for the diagnosis of SOC, and the immunocytochemical tests can further improve the accuracy of the diagnosis.

Application of mixture analysis methods in association between metals mixture exposure and DNA oxidative damage / 中华预防医学杂志

Objectives: To study the association between metals mixture exposure and DNA oxidative damage using mixture analysis methods, and to explore the most significant exposure factors that cause DNA oxidative damage. Methods: Workers from steel enterprises were recruited in Shandong Province. Urinary metals were measured by using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method. The level of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was determined by using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), elastic net regression and quantile g-computation regression were used to analyze the association between urinary metals and urinary 8-OHdG. Results: A total of 768 subjects aged (36.15±7.40) years old were included in the study. BKMR, elastic net regression and quantile g-computation all revealed an overall positive association between the mixture concentration and increased urinary 8-OHdG. The quantile g-computation results showed that with a 25% increase in metal mixtures, the urinary 8-OHdG level increased by 77.60%. The elastic net regression showed that with a 25% increase in exposure risk score, the urinary 8-OHdG level increased by 26%. The BKMR summarized the contribution of individual exposures to the response, and selenium, zinc, and nickel were significant contributors to the urinary 8-OHdG elevation. Conclusion: Exposure to mixed metals causes elevated levels of DNA oxidative damage, and selenium, zinc, and nickel are significant exposure factors.

Analysis of typing conversion and perinatal outcomes in twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction of different subtypes / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of different types of selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) pregnant women under expectant management, including the natural evolution, typing conversion and perinatal outcomes. Methods: The clinical data of 153 pregnant women with sIUGR under expected treatment in Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2014 to December 2018 were collected. Maternal characteristics including maternal age, gravidity, parity, method of conception, pregnancy complication, gestational age at delivery, indication for delivery, birth weight, the rate of intrauterine and neonatal death and neonatal outcomes were recorded. Pregnant women with sIUGR were divided into three types according to end-diastolic umbilical artery flow Doppler ultrasonography, and the differences of typing conversion and perinatal outcomes of sIUGR pregnant women based on the first diagnosis were compared. Results: (1) Clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes: among 153 pregnant women with sIUGR, 100 cases (65.3%) were diagnosed with type Ⅰ, 35 cases (22.9%) with type Ⅱ, and 18 cases (11.8%) with type Ⅲ. There were no significant differences in age, conception mode, pregnancy complications, first diagnosis gestational age, characteristics of umbilical cord insertion, delivery indications, fetal intrauterine mortality and neonatal mortality among three types of sIUGR pregnant women (all P>0.05). The average gestational age at delivery of type Ⅰ sIUGR was (33.5±1.9) weeks, which was significantly later than those of type Ⅱ and Ⅲ [(31.3±1.8), (31.2±1.1) weeks, P<0.001]. The percentage disordance in estimated fetal weight (EFW) of type Ⅰ sIUGR was significantly lower than those of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ (P<0.001). The incidence rate of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, cerebral leukomalacia and respiratory complications of both fetus and necrotizing enterocolitis of large fetus in type Ⅰ were significantly lower than those in type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ (all P<0.05). (2) Typing conversion: in 100 cases of type Ⅰ sIUGR, 18 cases progressed to type Ⅱ and 10 cases progressed to type Ⅲ. Compared with 72 stable type Ⅰ sIUGR, those with progressed type Ⅰ sIUGR had higher incidence of NICU admission and lung disease in both fetuses, and cerebral leukomalacia and necrotizing enterocolitis in large fetus (all P<0.05). The proportion of inconsistent cord insertion was significantly higher in those type Ⅰ progressed to type Ⅲ (6/10) than in those with stable type Ⅰ (19.4%, 14/72) and type Ⅰ progressed to type Ⅱ sIUGR [0 (0/18), P=0.001]. Four cases of type Ⅱ sIUGR reversed to type Ⅰ and 6 cases reversed to type Ⅲ. Compared with type Ⅱ reversed to type Ⅰ sIUGR, those stable type Ⅱ and type Ⅱ reversed to type Ⅲ sIUGR had a higher incidence of NICU admission in large fetus (P<0.05). Two cases of type Ⅲ sIUGR reversed to type Ⅰ and 6 cases progressed to type Ⅱ. There were no significant differences in fetal serious complications in type Ⅲ sIUGR with or without doppler changes (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The different types of sIUGR could convert to each other. The frequency of ultrasound examinations should be increased for patients with the type Ⅰ sIUGR, especially when the percentage discordance in EFW is substantial or with discordant cord insersion.

Analysis of management efficacy in patients with heavy menstrual bleeding associated with antithrombotic therapy / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To evaluate different methods' efficacy of controlling acute bleeding and managing long-term menstruation in patients with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) associated with antithrombotic therapy. Methods: The clinical data of 22 cases with HMB associated with antithrombotic therapy admitted to Peking University People's Hospital from January 2010 to August 2022 were analyzed, aged 39 years old (26-46 years). Changes in menstrual volume, hemoglobin (Hb), and quality of life were collected after control of acute bleeding and long-term menstrual management. Menstrual volume was assessed by pictorial blood assessment chart (PBAC), and quality of life was assessed by menorrhagia multi-attribute scale (MMAS). Results: (1) Treatment of acute bleeding: of the 22 cases with HMB associated with antithrombotic therapy, 16 cases were treated in our hospital and 6 in other hospital for emergency bleeding; of the 16 cases treated in our hospital, 3 underwent emergency intrauterine Foley catheter balloon compression due to severe bleeding (Hb decreased by 20 to 40 g/L within 12 hours). Of the 22 cases with antithrombotic therapy-related HMB, 15 (including 2 cases with severe bleeding) underwent emergency aspiration or endometrial resection, and intraoperative placement of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) followed by a significant reduction in bleeding volume; 3 cases had controlled acute bleeding after rivaroxaban dose reduction and continued observation; 2 cases were given gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists to control acute bleeding in other hospital, of which 1 case was temporarily treated with periodic blood transfusion, and the other one patient underwent total hysterectomy; and 2 cases had temporary amenorrhea with oral mifepristone after intrauterine balloon compression or oral norethindrone. (2) Long-term menstrual management: of the 22 cases with antithrombotic therapy-related HMB, 15 had LNG-IUS placement and 12 had LNG-IUS placement for 6 months, and menstrual volume was significantly reduced [PBAC scores were 365.0 (272.5-460.0) vs 25.0 (12.5-37.5), respectively; Z=4.593, P<0.001], Hb was significantly increased [91.5 g/L (71.8-108.2 g/L) vs 128.5 g/L (121.2-142.5 g/L); Z=4.695, P<0.001], and quality of life was significantly improved [MMAS scores were 415.0 (327.5-472.5) vs 580.0 (570.0-580.0), respectively; Z=-3.062, P=0.002] before placement compared with 6 months after placement. Three rivaroxaban dose reduction patients' PBAC scores decreased by 20 to 35 but remained >100, and perceived quality of life did not change significantly. Two cases with temporary amenorrhea treated with oral mifepristone felt significantly improved quality of life, and the MMAS scores increased by 220 and 180, respectively. Conclusion: Intrauterine Foley catheter balloon compression, aspiration or endometrial ablation could be used to control acute bleeding in patients with antithrombotic therapy-related HMB, and LNG-IUS for long-term management could reduce menstrual volume, increase hemoglobin, and improve the quality of life of patients.

Measuring and analysis of the shoulder circumferences of 840 adults' permanent teeth crown preparations / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To measure and analyze the shoulder circumferences of adults' permanent teeth crown preparations based on data collected through the intraoral scanning, so as to provide dental anatomy data for clinical diagnosis and analysis. Methods: Intraoral scanning data of 840 complete crown preparations were collected, and were entrusted to the World Dental Laboratory Co., Ltd. in Fuzhou between March 2021 and June 2022. Except the data of the third molar, the rest data were categorized in terms of 14 tooth positions in the upper and lower jaw (each category involved 30 samples from male group and 30 samples from female group). Image measurement software was used to measure the shoulder circumferences of permanent teeth crown preparations. And analysis was conducted to reveal the difference of shoulder circumference diameters between male and female groups. And then they were grouped according to the mean value at each tooth position, on the premise that the difference between the maximum and minimum values and the mean value of the entire group was≤±1.00 mm. Analysis were further conducted to determine the differences of shoulder circumference diameters between each dental position and the differences between male and female in the same groups. Results: Bivariate analysis of variance showed that gender had no effect on the shoulder circumference of full crown preparations (F=0.55, P=1.457), while tooth position had a significant impact on the shoulder circumference of full crown preparations (F=273.15, P<0.001). The samples were classified into 5 groups according to the mean values of shoulder circumference diameters relating to each tooth position. Statistical analysis showed that Group 1, covering maxillary lateral incisor, mandibular central incisor and mandibular lateral incisor, had shoulder circumference with diameters of (16.62±2.21) mm; Group 2, consisting of maxillary central incisor, maxillary cusp, mandibular cusp, mandibular first premolar and mandibular second premolar, had diameters of (20.78±2.48) mm; Group 3, consisting of maxillary first premolar and maxillary second premolar, had diamerters of (22.09±2.72) mm; Group 4, covering maxillary first molar, maxillary second molar and mandibular first molar, had diamerters of (30.21±2.67) mm; while group 5, with mandibular second molar alone its member, had diamerters of (31.34±3.18) mm. The difference among the 5 groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: Significant differences of shoulder circumference diameters could be found between different tooth positions, while at the same tooth position, the differences between male and female are not significant. The 14 tooth positions could be grouped into 5 groups according to their shoulder circumference diameters. Future research could take the grouping as reference.

A historical review of dental schools founded by dentist Situ Bo in modern time / 中华口腔医学杂志

About 8 dental schools were founded by Chinese dentists during modern times (1909-1949) in China. Only one still worked after the founding of the People's Republic of China, which was one of the three dental schools founded by dentist Situ Bo. There were no systematic researches on Situ Bo's participation in dentistry education. This paper analyzes the founder's experience in dentistry and in the two schools he founded at the beginning, focusing on the background and process of the schools' construction, management, teaching, teachers and students training, etc. The results show that the establishment of the first two dental schools have laid important foundation for the establishment and development of Shanghai Dental College by the reserve of trained professional teachers and accumulated valuable experience in running schools. The systematic review of this history will help us better understand the establishment and development of Shanghai Dental College and the efforts in dentistry education made by dentists growed up in modern China, as well as the early development process of stomatology.

Clinical characteristics of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant combined with allergic disease / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with allergic diseases suffering from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant strains. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 43 pediatric patients with allergic diseases infected by SARS-CoV-2 from April 25, 2022 to June 8, 2022 in Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were selected as the allergic disease group, while 114 cases without underlying diseases and 16 cases with other underlying diseases were selected as control groups diagnosed at the same period. Clinical data including clinical features, laboratory tests, duration of hospitalization, and the time to negative turn of novel coronavirus nucleic acid were collected and analysed. Kruskal-Wallis H test, chi-square test or Fisher exact test were used for comparison among three groups. Results: Among the 43 patients with allergic diseases, 28 were males and 15 were females, with an age of 4.4 (2.1, 8.2) years on admission, including 32 mild cases and 11 common cases. The allergic disease group included 20 cases (46.5%) of atopic dermatitis and eczema, followed by 14 cases (32.6%) of rhinitis, 8 cases (18.6%) of food allergies, 7 cases (16.3%) of asthma, 4 cases (9.3%) of allergic conjunctivitis and 2 cases (4.7%) of drug allergy. Among the 114 cases without underlying diseases, 57 were males and 57 were females, with an age of 2.8 (1.2, 5.6) years on admission, including 93 mild cases and 21 common cases. Among the 16 cases with other underlying diseases, 9 were males and 7 were females, with an age of 3.0 (2.6, 10.8) years on admission, including 13 cases mild and 3 cases common cases. Children with allergic diseases had higher frequency of sore throat and vomiting than those without underlying diseases (10 cases (23.3%) vs.9 cases (7.9%), 14 cases (32.6%) vs. 11 cases (9.6%), χ²=6.93, 12.24, both P<0.05). The lymphocyte count of patients with allergic disease was lower than those without underlying disease (1.1 (0.7,1.7)×109 vs. 1.6 (1.1,2.7)×109/L, H=-28.00,P=0.005). There were no significant differences in age, gender, typing of SARS-CoV-2, the duration of hospitalization, cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 and the time to negative turn of novel coronavirus nucleic acid among the three groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Children with allergic diseases may suffer from sore throat and vomiting more frequently when infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. The combination of allergic diseases hardly influenced the disease course of SARS-CoV-2 in children.

Formation of professor Mao Xiejun's thoughts on stomatological education / 中华口腔医学杂志

Professor Mao Xiejun wrote a report about dental education of China in 1935. From 1948 to 1950, he published three articles containing the educational idea of "developing dentistry into stomatology". When he served as the director of the Faculty of Dentistry of Peking University Medical School in July 1950, he proposed to rename the Faculty of Dentistry into the Faculty of Stomatology,which were approved by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China in one month. The Chinese Medical Association established the Society of Stomatology the next year. Later, dentistry was successively changed into stomatology, and medical content was integrated into dental education, which was of great significance and far-reaching influence. During the developments of the thought of stomatological education in China, Professor Mao Xiejun evidently played a pivotal role. In this paper, the formation process of the thoughts of stomatological education related to professor Mao Xiejun's contribution is elucidated through studying the archives, personal letters, and historical documents, so as to enrich the researches on the history of stomatology in China and to facilitate better understanding and promoting the development of stomatology.

Effects of Decitabine Combined with Anlotinib on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Multiple Myeloma Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the biological effects and its relative mechanism of decitabine combined with anlotinib on multiple myeloma cells.@*METHODS@#The human MM cell lines and primary cells were treated with different concentrations of decitabine, anlotinib, and decitabine+anlotinib, respectively. The cell viability was detected and combination effect was calculated by CCK-8 assay. The apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry and the level of c-Myc protein was determined by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Both decitabine and anlotinib could effectively inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of MM cell lines NCI-H929 and RPMI-8226. The effect of combined treatment on the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis was stronger than that of single-drug treatment. The combination of the two drugs also showed strong cytotoxicity in primary MM cells. Decitabine and anlotinib could down-regulate the level of c-Myc protein in MM cells and the c-Myc level in the combination group was the lowest.@*CONCLUSION@#Decitabine combined with anlotinib can effectively inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of MM cells, which provides a certain experimental basis for the treatment of human MM.

Protective Effect and Mechanism of Kuntai Capsule on Angiotensin II -Induced Hypertension in Ovariectomized Rats / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the protective effect and mechanism of Kuntai (KT) Capsule on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.@*METHODS@#Fifty-four rats were randomly divided into 6 groups according to a random number table, 9 in each group: control, OVX sham+Ang II, OVX, OVX+Ang II, OVX+Ang II +E2, and OVX+Ang II +KT. OVX rats model was constructed by retroperitoneal bilateral ovariectomy. After 4 weeks of pretreatment with KT Capsule [0.8 g/(kg·d) and 17- β -estradiol (E2, 1.2 mg/(kg·d)] respectively, Ang II was injected into a micro-osmotic pump with a syringe to establish a hypertensive rat model. Blood pressure of rat tail artery was measured in a wake state of rats using a non-invasive sphygmomanometer. Blood pressure changes were compared between the intervention groups (OVX+Ang II +KT, OVX+Ang II +E2) and the negative control group (OVX+Ang II). Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were detected respectively. The expressions of oxidative stress-related protein superoxide dismutase2 (SOD2) and anti-thioredoxin (TRX), autophagy marker protein [beclin1, light chain (LC) 3 II/I ratio and autophagy canonical pathway protein phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine kinase (AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)] were evaluated by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the OVX+Ang II group, the systolic blood pressure of OVX+Ang II +KT group was significantly lowered (P<0.05) but not the diastolic blood pressure. Besides, SOD2 and TRX protein levels in mycardial tissues were significantly reduced in the OVX+Ang II +KT group compared with the OVX+Ang II group (P<0.05). Oxidative stress serum markers MDA and SOD were down- and up-regulated in the OVX+Ang II +KT group, respectively (P<0.05). Compared with OVX+Ang II group, the levels of cardiac proteins beclin-1 and LC3II/LC3 I in OVX+Ang II +KT group were also up-regulated (P<0.05), and the expression levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT and mTOR protein were down-regulated (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#KT could protect blood pressure of Ang II-induced OVX rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and up-regulating protective autophagy.

Value of rifampicin-resistant real-time fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection technology in the fast diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To evaluate the value and significance of rifampicin-resistant real-time fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection technology (GeneXpert MTB/RIF) in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. 　　Methods　The clinical data of 228 patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis, who admitted to Hebei Chest Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019, were analyzed retrospectively. The sputum was collected for GeneXpert MTB/RIF, sandwich cup liquid-based bacterial acid-fast staining smear microscopy (referred to as “sandwich cup method”) and Loop-Mediated isothermal amplification (referred to as “LAMP method”) and the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software. Results　Among the 228 patients with suspected cases, 200 cases were clinically diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis and 28 were non-tuberculosis. The positive detection rate of GeneXpert MTB/RIF (81.0%, 162/200) was significantly higher than that of sandwich cup method (62.5%, 125/200) and LAMP method (72.5%,145/200) (χ2=16.885, 4.049, P<0.05). Taking clinical diagnosis as gold standard, the sensitivity of GeneXpert MTB/RIF (80.00%,160/200) was significantly higher than that of sandwich cup method (60.00%, 120/200) and LAMP method (70.50%, 141/200) (χ2=19.048, 4.846, P<0.05). The diagnostic consistency of GeneXpert MTB/RIF (K=0.73) was higher than that of sandwich cup method (K=0.39) and LAMP method (K=0.56). Conclusions The GeneXpert MTB/RIF detection method is rapid and simple, and can diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis rapidly and simultaneously detect rifampicin resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with high sensitivity. It has high clinical value for early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and guidance of treatment in general and specialized hospitals.

Comparison of three different measurement methods to determine resting energy expenditure in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To compare the differences to determine resting energy expenditure (REE) measured with indirect calorimetry and REE predicted by formula method and body composition analyzer in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis, so as to provide theoretical guidance for the implementation of precision nutrition intervention. Methods: Patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis who were admitted to Henan Provincial People's Hospital from April 2020 to December 2020 were collected. REE was determined by the body composition analyzer and the H-B formula method. Results: were analyzed and compared to REE measured by the metabolic cart. Results A total of 57 cases with liver cirrhosis were included in this study. Among them, 42 were male, aged (47.93 ± 8.62) years, and 15 were female aged (57.20 ± 11.34) years. REE measured value in males was (1 808.14 ± 201.47) kcal/d, compared with the results calculated by the H-B formula method and the measured result of body composition, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). REE measured value in females was (1 496.60 ± 131.28) kcal/d, compared with the results calculated by the H-B formula method and the measured result of body composition, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.016 and 0.004, respectively). REE measured with the metabolic cart had correlation with age and area of visceral fat in men (P = 0.021) and women (P = 0.037). Conclusion: Metabolic cart use will be more accurate to obtain resting energy expenditure in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis. Body composition analyzer and formula method may underestimate REE predictions. Simultaneously, it is suggested that the effect of age on REE in H-B formula should be fully considered for male patients, while the area of visceral fat may have a certain impact on the interpretation of REE in female patients.

Effects of rhubarb ethanol extract on hemin-induced autophagy and apoptosis of HT22 cells / 中成药

AIM To explore the effects of rhubarb ethanol extract on autophagy and apoptosis of HT22 cells after hemin-induced injury.METHODS The HT22 cells were divided into the blank group,the model group,and the high,medium and low dose rhubarb ethanol extract groups(25,12.5 and 6.25 μg/mL).After the 24 hours corresponding drug intervention,3 hours induction of 40 μmol/L hemin was used for the modeling of cell cerebral hemorrhage injury.Subsequently,the cells had their cell viability detected by CCK-8 method;their leakage rate of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)detected by kit;their apoptosis rate detected by flow cytometry;and their apoptosis and autophagy related protein expressions of cysteine protease-3(caspase-3),Bcl-2 related X protein(Bax),B cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)and microtubule related protein light chain 3(LC3)detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the normal group,the model group displayed decreased cell viability(P<0.01);increased LDH leakage rate,apoptosis rate and the protein expressions of Bax/Bcl-2,caspase-3,Beclin1 and LC3(P<0.01);and decreased protein expression of P62(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,all of the groups intervened with rhubarb ethanol extract showed increased cell viability(P<0.05,P<0.01),decreased LDH leakage rate,apoptosis rate and protein expressions of Bax/Bcl-2,caspase-3,Beclin1 and LC3(P<0.05,P<0.01),in addition to the decreased protein expression of P62 increased(P<0.05,P<0.01)in the high and middle dose rhubarb ethanol extract groups.CONCLUSION The ethanol extract of rhubarb may protect neurons and reduce cell damage through its efficacy in regulating their autophagy and apoptosis.

Application of objective-based teaching combined with Roy adaptive situational teaching in emergency nursing teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the application of objective-based teaching combined with Roy adaptive situational teaching in emergency nursing teaching.Methods:A total of 110 nursing students who were assigned to Emergency Department of Xijing Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, as interns were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to the order of admission, with 55 students in each group. The students in the control group received traditional teaching, while those in the observation group received objective-based teaching combined with Roy adaptive situational teaching. The two groups were evaluated in terms of the assessment score of situational simulation and the ability for emergency medicine and treatment. SPSS 22.0 was used to perform the t-test and the chi-square test. Results:For the nursing students in the observation group, the mean scores of theoretical knowledge objective, skill objective, and attitude objective were (9.09±1.21) points, (13.98±1.87) points, and (9.32±0.95) points, respectively, and for those in the control group, the mean scores of these objectives were (8.41±1.17) points, (12.43±1.72) points, and (8.72±0.83) points, respectively, suggesting that compared with the control group, the observation group had a significantly higher mastery degree of the teaching objectives (theoretical knowledge objective, skill objective, and attitude objective) ( P < 0.05). The observation group had significantly better abilities for emergency medicine and treatment than the control group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Objective-based teaching combined with Roy adaptive situational teaching can be used in emergency nursing teaching and may help to improve the theoretical and practical skills of nursing students and cultivate the abilities for emergency medicine and treatment.