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Objective This study aimed to evaluate the model of integrated drowning interventions for the floating children in Ningbo City.Methods A two -year program of integrated drowning intervention had been carried out in Ningbo City since 2013,and the floating children in Jiangbei District and Yinzhou District were selected as the experiment and control group respectively.Baseline and final survey was all conducted in these two groups.A total of 7 736 and 7730 students from 1 st -9 th grade in the Migrant Workers'Children Schools were recruited by multi -stage random sampling and surveyed by the self -reported questionnaires in these two surveys respectively.The unconditional logistic regression model was adopted mainly for the multivariate analysis.Results The incidence rate of non -fatal drowning for the floating children in the experiment group after intervention was 4.45%,being significantly lower than 13.12% before intervention (χ2 =188.293,P <0.001).While the incidence rate of non -fatal drowning in the control group after intervention was 7.47%, having no significant difference with 6.90% before intervention (χ2 =0.896,P =0.344).And the probability of non -fatal drowning for the intervention group was 0.762 time of the control group.Conclusion The model of integrated drowning interventions,based on the ecological approach and initiated by Ningbo,was proven to be effective and worth popularizing.
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Objective To explore the current profile of drowning related high risk behaviors among the floating children inNingbo City and to identify the risk factors on these behaviors.Methods A total of 7 600 students from grade 1 -9 ineight urban migrant workers'children schools were recruited and surveyed by the questionnaires.And the logistic regressionmodel was used for the analysis of risk factors.Results In last one year,without adult supervision,the incidence rate ofdrowning related high risk behaviors was 27.53%.The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that males (OR =2.30,95%CI:1.99 ~2.65),senior grade (OR =1.23,95%CI:1.18 ~1.27),other juvenile companion on the way toschools (OR =1.26,95%CI:1.06 ~1.51),being able to swim (OR =2.09,95%CI:1.77 ~2.46)and there being theopen water around school and home (OR =1.75,95%CI:1.52 ~2.00)could increase the incidence of drowning relatedhigh risk behaviors.And higher awareness of drowning prevention (OR =0.99,95%CI:0.98 ~0.99),higher rate ofcorrect attitude (OR =0.99,95%CI:0.98 ~0.99),getting along well with schoolmates (OR =0.69,95%CI:0.51 ~0.95)and with family members (OR =0.33,95%CI:0.24 ~0.46)could reduce the incidence of drowning related highrisk behaviors.Conclusion The incidence rate of drowning related high risk behaviors was high among the floatingchildren in Ningbo City,and males,being able to swim might increase the occurrence of high risk behaviors.
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Objective To investigate and evaluate the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women and thyroid function of new born children in Jiangbei District, and provide the basis for rational iodine supplement. Methods From March 2014 to October 2014,three survey spots ( representing the city,the rural-urban continum,and the countryside) investigated a total of 161 pregnant women, whose urine were tested for urine iodine.Comparative analysis was done on iodine nutritional status in different geographical areas and different pregnancy.Blood of pregnant women and matching neonatal umbilical cord blood were tested for free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), with analysis on the relationship between the two. Results Median of the 161 pregnant women urine iodine level was 178.67μg/L.Among them,the iodine excess ( urine iodine,>500 mu g/L) accounted for 3.73%(6/161),iodine sufficiency (urinary iodine 250~499 μg/L) 33.54%(54/161),iodine moderacy (urinary iodine 150 ~249 μg/L) 22.36%(36/161),iodine deficiency (urinary iodine <150 μg/L) 40.37%(65/161).Urine iodine levels in pregnant women from three different geographical areas showed no statistical difference.Median urine iodine of pregnant women in third trimester was 148.23 μg/L.FT3 ,FT4 level of 36 neonatal was (2.60 ±0.35) and (13.81 ±1.63) pmol/L respectively,the average serum TSH level was 3.38 mIU/L.Pregnant women urine iodine level paired with FT3 , TSH level of neonatal serum showed no correlation (P>0.05),but were positively correlated in FT4 level (P<0.01). Conclusion Iodine nutritional status in most pregnant women in Jiangbei District is at appropriate levels,but there is still some iodine deficiency found in them.Urine iodine content of pregnant women in third trimester was low;FT4 levels were positively correlated in matched pregnant woman and newborn.In view of this situation,monitoring of the iodine nutritional status in pregnant women and neonatal thyroid function should be enhanced.
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In order to find out the distribution of Genotype of those people infected with HBV (hepatitis B virus) from north Guangxi and the relationship between different immune status of HBV infected people and their genotypes, the HBV infected people are classified into three types according to immune tolerance, immune clearance ( response) and immune incompetence (residues). 150 cases from each type, a total of 450 cases are chosen to be tested with real time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay for detection of HBV infection in three kinds of different immune state of the HBV genotype. In the 450 cases, 323 cases belong to type B, 94 cases belong to type B, 23 cases belong to mixed type B+C and 10 cases belong to none B and none C type. Type B are the majority in all the three HBV immune status, made up to 70%, 78%, 67.33% of each type. The different immune state genotype proportion difference don't have statistical significance; immune state and genotypic correlation isn't statistically significant; type B HBV-DNA load is higher than that of type C, groups of persons aged 30 years or older with type C are significantly higher than that of < 30 years of age, the difference was statistically significant; among the genotypes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil) positive rate showed no significant difference between male and female; there was no significant difference in genotype distribution. The results show that, in North Guangxi HBV genotypes B, C accounts for the proportion, a small amount of B+C hybrid, occasionally fails to type HBV infection; among immune tolerance, immune clearance (response) and immune incompetence (residues) type B are in majority in these three kinds of immune state, chronic HBV infection immunity with the HBV genotype correlations were not statistically significant.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China , Genotype , Hepatitis Antibodies , Allergy and Immunology , Hepatitis B , Allergy and Immunology , Virology , Hepatitis B virus , Classification , Genetics , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The non-operation treatment of intra-abdominal trauma guided contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is one of the hottest research topic. Gelatin/thrombin/calcium (GTC) was developed as a novel haemostatic agent for non-operable intra-abdominal trauma. We hypothesized that GTC can achieve haemostasis (without the use of pressure) within a short time in a large wound model by percutaneous injection under CEUS guidance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty Wister rats received large liver injuries by haemostatic clamp and were randomly divided into four groups, according to the haemostatic agent used. These included normal saline (NS) group A, lyophilising thrombin powder (LTP) group B, GTC group C, and absorbable α-cyanoacrylate (ACNA) group D. Each injury site was treated with one of the above materials and total bleeding time was recorded. All liver wounds were evaluated using CEUS at three periods: pre-injury, injury and post-treatment. The liver wounds were also evaluated by histology 3, 6, and 9 days after injury and the extents of abdominal adhesions were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sensitivity of CEUS (100%) in detecting blunt traumatic liver lesions was significantly higher than conventional ultrasound (42.5%). Bleeding times at the injury site in the GTC group C ((129.3 ± 14.0) seconds) and ACNA group D ((5.2 ± 1.0) seconds) were significantly shorter than those in the NS group A ((369.5 ± 48.8) seconds, P < 0.01) and LTP group B ((324.7 ± 52.22) seconds, P < 0.01). The LTP group B showed no significant difference compared with the NS group A. Gross examination of liver tissue revealed that there were fewer intra-abdominal adhesions in the GTC group C (10%) than in the ACNA group D (100%). Histopathologic examination showed that GTC was completely absorbed after nine days.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>GTC, delivered by percutaneous injection under CEUS, may achieve haemostasis (without the use of pressure) within a short time in a large wound model. GTC is absorbable and may prevent intra-abdominal adhesions. Therefore, it may be the optimal choice for first aid treatment of large abdominal wounds in the setting of blunt trauma.</p>