The role of lipid peroxidation in modulating immune function / 药学学报

The immune system plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of diseases. Lipid peroxidation, as a key effector molecule in the execution of ferroptosis, exerts critical effects on the functionality and survival of various immune cells and is involved in the pathological processes of multiple diseases. There is accumulating evidence suggesting the presence of ferroptosis in immune cells as well. Lipid peroxidation is closely associated with immune cell function. Accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in immune cells can lead to ferroptosis, directly impacting immune cell function. Non-immune cells, through lipid peroxidation-mediated cell death, release signaling molecules that regulate immune cell function. They jointly influence the body's homeostasis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest research progress on the regulatory role of lipid peroxidation in immune function. It analyzes the relationship between lipid peroxidation and immune cells, and provides a theoretical foundation for potential strategies targeting cellular lipid peroxidation and immunotherapy in the treatment of diseases.

Research progress on the detection methods and their application in ferroptosis / 药学学报

Ferroptosis is a novel type of cell death, which is distinguished from the traditional cell death pathways such as apoptosis, proptosis, necrosis and autophagy in terms of morphology, biochemistry and genetics. The main features of ferroptosis are the iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. The regulation mechanism of ferroptosis involves glutathione metabolism, lipid peroxidation reactions and iron metabolism, which are closely related to the pathological process of tumor, aging, neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia reperfusion injury, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, kidney injury, hepatic fibrosis and so on. How to effectively study the role of ferroptosis regulation mechanism in the treatment of diseases becomes the hot spot and focus of the ferroptosis research. In recent years, with the in-depth study of ferroptosis, the identification, confirmation and the mechanism of ferroptosis have been developed significantly and have come forth continuously, in the meantime, techniques based on the morphology, biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics have been widely applied in the detection of ferroptosis. In order to deepen readers' understanding of ferroptosis and its detection methods, this paper will mainly review the current research progress on the detection methods and their application in ferroptosis, summarize and discuss their advantages and disadvantages in the detection of ferroptosis, this knowledge are crucial for better understanding and studying the biological function of ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis in respiratory diseases / 生理学报

Ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death which is dependent on iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated with the accumulation of lipid peroxides. It is obviously different from other cell death types in terms of morphology, biochemistry, genetics, etc. Also, it is related to the production of iron catalyzed lipid peroxides which is triggered by non-enzymatic or enzymatic reactions. Ferroptosis has been proved to be involved in hematological diseases, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, liver and kidney diseases. This paper will review the definition, mechanism, inducers of ferroptosis, as well as the function of ferroptosis in respiratory system. We expect to present a new concept for respiratory research and suggest potential targets for clinical prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases.

Expression of repulsive guidance molecule a in polarized microglia after rat focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury / 解剖学报

Objective: To investigate the expression of repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) in polarized microglia after rat focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, 7 days cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury group (I/R), and 14 days I/R group. The transient middle cerebral occlusion (tMCAO) model was induced by ligation with nylon monofilament. Real-time PCR was used to test the mRNA expression of Ml and M2 microglia marker interleukin-1Î2 (IL-1Î2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase 1 (Arg-1) and CD206 in ipsilateral cortex at day 7 and day 14. Double immunofluorescence staining was performed to investigate the co-expression of RGMa and Ibal in microglia. The microglia was incubated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS)or IL-4 in vitro. The mRNA expression of Ml and M2 microglia marker (IL-1Î2, iNOS, Arg-1, CD206) was tested by Real-time PCR. Western blotting was used to assess the proteins level of RGMa in Ml and M2 microglia. Results: M1 and M2 microglia marker mRNA level were increased in ipsilateral cortex at day 7 and day 14. RGMa was strongly expressed in reactive microglia at day 7 and day 14. LPS or IL-4 treatment polarized microglia to Ml or M2 in vitro. The expression of RGMa protein in Ml and M2 microglia was increased. Conclusion: RGMa was strongly expressed in reactive Ml and M2 microglia after ischemia/reperfusion injury. RGMa may play an important role in the process of microglia activation and polarization. RGMa may be a novel therapeutic target for stroke.

Analysis of primary metabolites of tramadol in rat urine by LC-MS(n / 药学学报

Tramadol and its metabolites in rat urine were identified by LC-MS(n). Rat urine samples of 0-36 h were collected after ip 9.0 mg x kg(-1) tramadol, then the samples were enriched and purified through solid-phase extraction cartridge. Purified samples were analyzed by LC-MS(n). Possible metabolites were discovered by comparing the full scan and SIM chromatograms of the test samples with the corresponding blanks and analyzing the retention time, quasi-molecular ion and fragment ion of all chromatograms. Nine phase I metabolites and four phase II metabolites were identified in rat urine. One of the metabolites was found first time in living body. The metabolites were formed via the following metabolic pathways: O-demethylation, N-demethylation, hydroxylation, N-oxidation and conjugation. The method can be used to identify tramadol and its metabolites in other animals and human.

Study on the relations between smoking and the risk of age-specific lung cancer deaths in urban and rural areas of China / 中华流行病学杂志

y increased. Control of smoking prevalence should play a vital role in the prevention of the lung cancer death risks in China.

Effects of aluminum on the intracellular calcium concentration and the expression of calcium channels in the hippocampus of rats / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To dynamically investigate the effects of aluminum on the concentration of free intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i) and the expression of calcium channels in the hippocampus of rats. Methods Healthy 64 Wistar rats were taken as the experimental objects. And these rats were randomly divided into 16 groups according to their weights, and were instilled with AlCl3 at 0(control),37.3,74.7 and 248.7 mg/kg respectively. The experimental time exposed to AlCl3 was 45,75,120 d, among which the rats were given AlCl3 for 120 d fed normally for 30 d. The hippoeampus were segregated on day 45,75,120 and 150 d and the[Ca2+]i of hippocampus of rats were detected by fluorospectrophotometer. The expression of Ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) mRNA and α1C ubunit of L-type calcium ehannels(L-Ca2+α1C) mRNA were detected by RT-PCR analysis. Results [Ca2+]i was increased by AlCl3 in a dose-and time-dependant manner(F=23.136 and 19.089, P<0.01). There was a synergistic effect between the dose and time in [Ca2+]i (F=2.270, P<0.05). In time of 120,150 days, the [Ca2+]i of rats hippocampus in 37.3[(299.3±48.7), (342.7±35.3)nmol/L], 74.7[(391.2±47.9), (408.1±42.8)nmol/L] and 248.7 mg/kg group[(397.9±55.8), (405.2±22.7)nmol/L] significantly increased compared with control group [(195.1±29.9), (209.1±30.6)nmol/L; P<0.01]. The expression of RyR2 mRNA and L-Ca2+α1C mRNA were increased by AlCl3(F=23.301 and 60.812, P<0.01). The experimental time could lower the expression of L-Ca2+ α1C mRNA (F=6.088, P<0.01), but had no influences on the expression of RyR2 mR NA (F=1.361, P>0.05). There was interaction between the dose of AlCl3 and the time in the expression of L-Ca2+α1C mRNA (F=5.876,P< 0.01). On day 75,120 and 150 of the experiment, the expression of L-Ca2+α1C mRNA in rat hippocampus of 74.7 (1.03±0.16,1.18±0.18,0.92±0.11) and 248.7 mg/kg group(1.89±0.26, 1.25±0.10, 1.07±0.14) also increased compared with control group(0.63±0.09,0.78±0.16,0.69±0.11; P<0.05 or <0.01). On day 45,75, 120 and 150 of the experiment, the expression of RyR2 mRNA in 74.7(0.49±0.06,0.51±0.07,0.57±0.11, 0.47±0.11), 248.7(0.47±0.03,0.52±0.09, 0.70±0.10, 0.78±0.09)mg/kg AlCl3 groups was highly increased compared with control group (0.24±0.07, 0.32±0.04, 0.30±0.06, 0.27±0.06; P<0.05 or<0.01). Conclusion Al increases [Ca2+]i by increasing the expression of the RyR2 mRNA and L-Ca2+α1C mRNA, thus exerts an irreversible neuronal toxicity.

Expression and biological significance of HPA and HIF-1alpha in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of HPA and HIF-1alpha in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their relationship with cancer development, invasion and metastasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of HPA mRNA and HIF-1alpha protein in 23 mucosa specimens of incisal margin, 26 para-tumorous dysplastic tissues and 70 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma specimens were detected by in situ hybridization assay and immunohistochemical staining, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive expression of HPA mRNA and HIF-1alpha protein were significantly increased as the epithelial cells progressed into carcinoma (P < 0.05). The expression of HPA mRNA and HIF-1alpha protein in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were significantly correlated with the invasion depth, lymph node metastasis and clinical staging (P < 0.05), while it was not correlated with the differentiation of tumors (P > 0.05). There was a close correlation between the expression of HPA mRNA and HIF-1alpha protein in the carcinoma tissues (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The high expression of HPA mRNA and HIF-1alpha protein is correlated with carcinogenesis, progression, invasion and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. There may be a positive cooperation between two of them in the carcinogenesis and development of esophageal carcinoma. The determination of HPA mRNA and HIF-1 alpha will be useful in predicting tumor biological behavior.</p>

Human papillomaviruses infections among village women in Henan province / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) among village women in Henan and to determine its relevant risk factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A population based cross-sectional study on cervical cancer was conducted among village women in Xinmi, Henan. Women aged 20 - 54 who had sexual intercourse experiences were enrolled in this study. Self-sampling and direct-sampling were used in collecting women's vaginal discharge. 13 high-risk HPVs were tested with HC2 for all of the specimens. Then women with abnormal results did colposcopy and biopsy. The biopsy results were regarded as the golden standard.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 881 women enrolled in this paper and 881 self-sampling and 880 direct-sampling specimens were collected. The HPVs prevalence rates for the self-sampling and direct-sampling were 13.05% and 12.27%, respectively. Age-specific prevalence rates were 10.57% (20-), 9.60% (25-), 12.00% (30-), 9.52% (35-), 17.60% (40-), 13.74% (45-) and 12.80% (50 - 54). HPV prevalence rates were increased with progression of cervical disease (chi(2) = 200.69, P = 0.00). And HPV prevalence rates were higher in women with more advanced education background (chi(2) = 11.05, P = 0.01). HPV infection rate in women whose husbands have more than one sexual partner was 18.02% and whose husbands have only one sexual partner was 10.88% (chi(2) = 6.37, P = 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The infection rate of high-risk HPVs in this area is high. The relationship of HPV infection with age has not been observed in this study, but the the sexual activity is the major risk factor for cervical cancer.</p>

Study on the development of a choropleth atlas on cancer mortality using the inverse distance weight interpolation in the 1990's / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To draw a chorochromatic atlas of mortality on China Cancer Database in order to display the geographical distribution of selected diseases in China and to identify its demographic and disease-specific patterns in the 1990's.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The source of data was from nationwide cause-of-death surveys conducted in the 1990's. Standardized rates were computed by direct method using the population age distribution in 1964 as the standard of weights. Inverse distance weight (IDW) was applied as the method of interpolation with the help of Arcview system to draw a choropleth map of cancer mortality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The IDW maps of cancer mortality shows a continuous and smooth variation, especially compared with maps drawn by filling method.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With the application of inverse distance weight interpolation, it seemed feasible to draw continuous map of cancer on sampling data.</p>

A methodology study on assessment of cancer screening test / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the effect of gold standard, blind comparison and different cut-points choosing on screening techniques assessment, and to promote the application of evidence-based medicine theory in screening study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A screening study for cervical cancer in rural China in 1999, where 1997 women had been tested for pathology as gold standard and simulating situations without gold standard, blind comparison and under different cut-points. Indices such as detectable rate, sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each technique. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were drawn and areas under ROC curves between screening techniques were tested.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Without gold standard, diagnostic techniques could not be evaluated correctly, and without the blind comparison, the sensitivity and specificity of the tests would be subjectively increased. Furthermore, use of different cut-points led to different sensitivities and specificities of test.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gold standard, blind comparison and perfect cut-points can improve the quality of screening test and drawing ROC curves is an effective way to confirm cut-points and evaluate diagnostic techniques. It is necessary to enforce the application of evidence-based medicine theory in scientific research.</p>

MRI with necrosis-avid contrast agent for the assessment of myocardial viability in a swine model / 中华放射学杂志

0.05).There was excellent correlation between the lesion size on EC Ⅲ-60 enhanced T_1-weighted MR images and histomorphometry(r=0.999,P