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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic significance of PLA2R and IgG4 in elderly patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN).Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed of patients with IMN (49 males and 49 females,aged 66.6 ± 5.4 years) or Non-IMN (57 males and 41 females,aged 67.1 ± 6.5 years) who were admitted in the authors served Department of Nephrology from Apr.2014 to Feb.2016 and accepted renal biopsy.SPSS13.0 was employed to evaluate the sensitivity,specificity and calculate the area under ROC curve (AUC) of serum anti-PLA2R antibody,glomerular PLA2R and IgG1-4 subclasses on diagnosing IMN.Results On diagnosing IMN,the sensitivity and specificity of serum anti-PLA2R antibody were 77.6％ and 89.8％ [AUC=0.869(0.816-0.923)],of glomerular PLA2R were 66.3％ and 94.9％ [AUC=0.805(0.741-0.87)],and of glomerular IgGl-IgG4 were 80.6％ and 78.6％,60.2％ and 83.7％,41.8％ and 84.7％,and 93.9％ and 89.8％,respectively [AUC=0.767(0.696-0.838),0.709(0.635-0.783),0.628(0.549-0.706) and 0.94(0.901-0.978),respectively].As to the combined use of glomerular PLA2R and IgG4 on diagnosing IMN,the sensitivity was 93.9％ when either one of glomerular PLA2R and IgG4 was positive,or the specificity was 96.9％ when both glomerular PLA2R and IgG4 were positive.Conclusion PLA2R and IgG4 can effectively serve the diagnosis of IMN,and the combined use of PLA2R and IgG4 may be better than single indicator alone.
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Photosynthetic and growth characteristics of Angelica dahurica were studied in order to clarity the relations of photosynthesis, growth and root dry weight, and provide a theoretical basis for its cultivation. Photosynthesis and growth indexes were meas- ured every 25 days. The contents of chlorophyll a, b, a + b, soluble protein and the activities of Hill reaction, Ca(2+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase had an increasing trend; They had the highest value in leaf high-speed growth period. Then, they were decreased in root high- speed growth period. The root dry weight showed negative corelation with photosynthetic characteristics indexes except stomatal con- ductance, however, the negative corelation only from net photosynthetic rate and Ca(2+)-ATPase were significant. The vegetative growth period of spring sowing A. dahuricia was divided into three phases: seedling period, leaf high-speed growth period and root high-speed growth period. The root dry weight showed a significantly positive corelation with the root diameter, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, aboveground dry weight. There was the competitive relation between aboveground and underground, so underground growth could be es- timated from leaf area and shoot dimeter.
Subject(s)
Adenosine Triphosphatases , Metabolism , Angelica , Metabolism , Chlorophyll , Metabolism , Photosynthesis , Plant Proteins , Metabolism , Plant Roots , SeasonsABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>It was still rare for the quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research of regional changes in hippocampus sclerosis (HS) in Chinese patients with epilepsy. This study aimed to study the hippocampal volumes (HVs) with quantitative MRI measurement in Chinese patients with epilepsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-six Chinese patients with epilepsy (intractable epilepsy (IE), n = 21; non-intractable epilepsy (NIE), n = 25) and 25 normal controls were collected between July 2007 and March 2008. All of the subjects underwent a 3T high-resolution MRI with oblique coronal thin sections oriented perpendicular to the hippocampal long axis. Hippocampal structures were assessed by visual detection, and HVs were quantitatively studied with a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Our study suggested that there was no significant difference in gender (P > 0.05) while the right hippocampal head volume (HHV), hippocampal body volume (HBV), and the whole hippocampal volume (HCV) were greater than the left one (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found in bilateral hippocampal tail volume (HTV) (P > 0.05) in normal controls. That unilateral/diffuse (64%/21%) and bilateral/focal (86%/20%) hippocampal atrophy (HA) were significant in IE and NIE patients, respectively. Anterior hippocampus, especially HHV (26% in IE and 20% in NIE) and HBV (29% in IE and 12% in NIE), had more significant atrophy than the HTV (5% in IE and 0% in NIE) in patients with epilepsy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>By assessing the volumes of the regional hippocampus with 3T MRI, we could better define the range and distribution of HS, since regional or subtle changes in HVs could be detected earlier with 3T MRI.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Epilepsy , Diagnosis , Hippocampus , Pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , MethodsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate biomechanical properties of the complete mandibular subperiosteal implant under four different bite loads, and provide some references for the personalized implant design in clinical cases. Methods Based on the three-dimensional model of human mandible, two kinds of matching complete mandibular subperiosteal implants, meshy base (implant 1) and zonary base (implant 2), were established, respectively. Stress distributions of both the two implants under four different bite loads were calculated and compared. Results The maximum stress of implant 1 was 230.42 MPa under the load Ⅳ and that of implant 2 was 311.11 MPa under the load Ⅰ. The stress distributions and maximum stress showed that the implant with meshy base had better resistance to the vertical loads, while the implant with zonary base had better resistance to the horizontal loads. Conclusions Rational arrangement for the number of posts and the distance between posts can effectively control the stress of implants. Posts should be placed in a vertical direction with the alveolar bone to avoid amplifying the horizontal component. In addition, posts should be well bounded to the bases, so that the stress on the bottom of posts won’t be at a high level. The complete denture should be guaranteed to contact at several spots during centric, protrusive and lateral bites to keep occlusion balance and decrease the maximum tensile stress on the contact surface.
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ObjectiveTo study the relationship between 18F-FDG uptake and tumor cell density,glucose transporter expression,cellular proliferation and angiogenesis before and after radiotherapy in C6 glioma rats.MethodsThirty C6 glioma-bearing male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:A,B and C ( 10 rats in each group).Two weeks later,18F-FDG PET/CT was performed in group A.In groups B and C,18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed at 48 h and 1 week after radiotherapy,respectively.The ratio of SUVmax of tumor to muscle (T/M) was calculated.HE staining,immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to measure tumor cell density,Ki67 labeling index ( LI),microvessel density ( MVD),Glut-1 and VEGF expression quantitatively.The one-way analysis of variance and bivariate correlation analysis were used to compare the changes of each indicator and evaluate the correlation between T/M and biological indicators,respectively.Results Significant differences of T/M,tumor cell density,Ki67 LI,MVD,Glut-1 and VEGF among groups A,B and C were observed ( F =6.77,60.66,104.56,95.49,9.13,24.48,respectively,all P ＜0.05).Least significant difference (LSD) test showed that there was no significant difference between group A and B in T/M,tumor cell density and Ki67 LI ( 10.86 ± 3.31,730.50 ± 78.93,20.02 ± 2.14 vs 9.23 ± 4.56,672.70 ± 92.98,18.56 ± 2.26).However,the indicators of group C (5.16 ± 2.52,355.60 ± 72.62,7.81 ± 1.76 ) were significantly decreased compared with those of groups A and B (all P ＜0.05 ).MVD and Glut-1 expression of group B increased slightly compared with those of group A ( 19.50 ± 1.96,0.20 ± 0.09 vs 17.90 ± 2.02,0.15 ± 0.04),but the difference was not statistically significant.Nevertheless,the two indicators were significantly decreased in group C ( 8.40 +1.84 and 0.07 ±0.06,P ＜0.05).VEGF expression in group B (0.42 ±0.13) was significantly higher than that in groups A and C (0.17 ±0.04 and 0.16 ± 0.09) ( both P ＜ 0.05 ).The changes of T/M were positively correlated with the changes of tumor cell density between groups A and B ( r =O.81,P ＜ 0.05 ).Changes of T/M were positively correlated with the changes of tumor cell density,Ki67 LI,MVD and Glut-1 between groups A and C (r =O.83,0.71,0.68,0.62,all P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsThe changes of 18 F-FDG uptake in C6 glioma rats were only correlated to the changes of tumor cell density at 48 h after radiotherapy.However,the changes of 18F-FDG uptake closely correlate to the changes of a variety of biological indicators at 1 week post radiotherapy.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and hypoxia inducible factor1α (HIF-1α) level,microvessel density (MVD) in human gliomas.Methods ~(18)F-FDG PET scan was performed preoperatively in 41 patients with gliomas (including 23 highgrade and 18 low-grade tumors).The ratios of maximum standardized uptake value(SUV_(max))between tumor (T)and contralateral white matter (WM) were calculated (T/WM).Immunohistochemical stain methods were used to evaluate the level of HIF-1α and measure the MVD in tumors.Correlation analysis between SUV_(max) of T/WM and HIF-1α level,MVD wag performed.The t-test,one-way ANOVA test,Spearman rank correlation and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were calculated using SPSS 11.5 software.Results (1)The SUV_(max) of T/WM,HIF-1α level and MVD in high-grade and low-grade tumors groups were 3.39±1.43,95.7% and 44.13±16.1 vs 1.46±0.55.55.6% and 18.83±7.07,respectively.The difierences of SUV_(max) of T/WM,HIF-1α level and MVD between two groups were statistically significant (t=-5.921,z=-3.938,t=-6.745,all P＜0.05).(2)Among 41 gliomas,the strong positive expression of HIF-1α was observed in 8,mederate in 9,weak in 15 and negative expression was found in 9,SUV_(max) of T/WM and MVD increased with increasing HIF-1α level.The differences of SUV_(max) of T/WM and MVD among 4 different groups were statistically significant (F=7.41,P＜0.05).(3) The MVD of all gliomas was ranged from 9.76 to 94.52,which correlated with SUV_(max) of T/WM(r=0.759,P＜0.05).Conclusions The SUV_(max) of T/WM correlates with HIF-1α level and MVD in gliomas.Therefore,~(18)F-FDG PET provides preoperatively a noninvasive assessment of hypoxia or angiogenesis in human glionma.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of (18)F-FDG and (11)C-MET PET-CT scan in differentiation of brain ringlike-enhanced lesions on MRI imaging.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-one brain ringlike-enhanced lesions on MRI imaging including 30 brain tumors and 11 non-neoplastic lesions confirmed pathologically or clinically underwent (18)F-FDG and (11)C-MET PET-CT brain scan. Among them, 15 patients who were suspected to have brain metastasis received body scan by (18)F-FDG PET-CT. Both images were analyzed visually and semi-quantitatively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Visual analysis: for brain tumors the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of (18)F-FDG PET-CT was 53.3%, 72.7%, 58.5%, versus 96.7%, 90.9%, 95.1% of (11)C-MET PET-CT, respectively. All the primary foci in 9 patients with brain metastases were detected by body (18)F-FDG PET-CT scan. Semiquantitative analysis: There was a significant difference in the uptake between highly differentiated malignant and poorly differentiated tumors as well as non-neoplastic lesions for both tracers (P < 0.01), while between low-grade malignant tumors and non-neoplasm lesions, there was a difference in uptake only by (11)C-MET (P < 0.01). No significant difference between the uptakes in brain metastasis and glioblastomas was found by both tracers (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both (18)F-FDG and (11)C-MET PET-CT are useful in differentiation of brain ringlike-enhanced lesions on MRI imaging. (11)C-MET PET-CT is more helpful than (18)F-FDG PET-CT in differential diagnosis of low-grade neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions. Combination of (18)F-FDG and (11)C-MET PET-CT scans can improve the accuracy of differential diagnosis for brain ringlike-enhanced lesions on MRI imaging.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acetates , Brain Abscess , Diagnosis , Brain Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Pathology , Carbon , Carbon Radioisotopes , Craniopharyngioma , Diagnosis , Pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Glioblastoma , Diagnosis , Pathology , Lung Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Pituitary Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Pathology , Positron-Emission Tomography , Methods , Radiopharmaceuticals , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To test a new cast-making method based on computer aided design (CAD) and rapid prototyping (RP) technology for defected maxilla.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Head CT data of 12 patients with defected maxilla were transmitted into a computer. Three-dimensional digital image of the patient's defected maxilla was then obtained based on Mimics 8.11 and Geomagic 7.0 and the plastic cast of the defected region was manufactured by prototyping. The obturator was made on this plastic cast that duplicated the undercut tissue of defected area. The prominent part of the obturator was made of elastic heat-curing resin and it was helpful to gain the retention through the engagement between the obturator and the tissue undercut. After the obturator was finished, the upper removable partial denture was fabricated in conventional method. The combination of these two parts was achieved using magnetic attachment. Clinical effects of obturator and removable partial denture were evaluated and the nasalance value of 5 patients before and after insertion of the obturator was measured using nanometer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The obturator and removable partial denture could be seated into place separately. They all had good retention and stability. After the obturator was seated in place, the nasalance of non-nasal and vowel text decreased from (46.53 +/- 13.86)% to (22.60 +/- 8.52)% (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The cast-making method based on CAD and RP technology for cast-making of defected maxilla is feasible and practical.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Computer-Aided Design , Dental Casting Technique , Models, Dental , Dental Prosthesis Design , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Maxilla , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the application of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and computer aided design\manufacture (CAD\CAM) techniques in mandible reconstruction with free fibula flap.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>7 cases of complex mandible defect were reconstructed with free fibula flap. Patients' lower extremity vasculature was evaluated by preoperative CTA examination; mandible tumor resection and reconstruction were simulated by CAD technique, the surgical template was manufactured with CAM technique preoperatively; and fibula flap was shaped according to surgical template during mandible reconstruction operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Preoperative CTA examination performed without complication, the desired anatomy was adequately demonstrated in all patients. All of flaps survived, patients' facial contour are symmetry approximately.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CTA and CAD\CAM techniques have important value for complex mandible reconstruction in selection of donor site, planning of operation and shaping of fibula flap.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Bone Transplantation , Methods , Fibula , Transplantation , Mandible , General Surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Methods , Surgical FlapsABSTRACT
Posterior circulation iscbemia refers to the transient iscbemic attack and the cerebral infarction in vertebrobasilar artery system,its prognosis is not as good as anterior circulation ischemia,and its treatment is similar to that of anterior circulation ischemia.However,because of the mortality of basilar artery occlusion is higher,usually more aggressive treatment should be considered,such as thromholytic therapy(especially intra-arterial thromholysis)and endovas- cular therapy,and the therapeutic time window is much longer.This article reviews the treatment of anterior circulation ischemia.
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Objective To analyze the clinical features and causes of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV).Methods The clinical data of 521 patients with BPPV were collected.The percentage of patients with BPPV in all the outpatients with dizziness and vertigo,the clinical characteristics of BPPV,and the prevalence of comorbidity with migraine were analyzed.Results BPPV accounted for 35.7% of patients with vertigo and 12.1% of patients with dizziness.Among the 521 patients with BPPV,158(30.3%)were male and 363(69.7%)were female,with an average age of(57.5?12.8)years old(20 to 93 years old).Right semicircular canals were involved in 323 cases(62.0%),and left semicircular canals in 187 cases(35.9%).The latency period of nystagmus of vertical canals was(3.22?2.37)s,and time of persistence was(8.31?7.98)s.The latency period of nystagmus of horizontal canals was(2.33?1.50)s,and the time of persistence was(14.77?11.40)s.There were significant differences in the latency period of nystagmus and time of persistence between the vertical and horizontal canals(P=0.001 and P=0.000).Fifteen patients(2.9%)had a history of head trauma and 39(7.5%)were complicated with migraine.Conclusion BPPV is prevalent in patients with dizziness and vertigo,and misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis should be avoided.
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Objective To evaluate the distribution of non-motor symptoms(NMS) and dominant factors impacting on the prevalence of NMS in Parkinson's disease(PD). Methods The NMS questionnaire(NMSQuest) was administered to 128 patients(PD group) and 128 healthy adults(control group).The distribution of items of NMS was analyzed between the two groups,and clinical characteristics were also collected to assess the dominant factors impacting on the prevalence of NMS. Results There were significant differences in the prevalence of NMS between the two groups(P
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The experiment was conducted to study the dynamic growth rhythm of Achyranthes bidentata under different densities.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The plant samples were collected to measure the growth rate of each organ.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Under different densities, the growing dynamic rhythm of A. bidentata were similar. The growth of main root exhibited a trend of "slow-fast-slow" by stages. The increase of dry root weight was fastest during the period of 30-40 days before harvest. The dry-matter increasing rate of whole plant was fastest in the later period of branching stage. The differences of root yields among the plants growing under different densities were significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For high yield and good quality, the density of planting of A. bidentata should be considered.</p>
Subject(s)
Achyranthes , Chemistry , Biomass , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Organ Size , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Plant Stems , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Quality ControlABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To look for the way of three-dimensional simulation of the craniofacial system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A three-dimensional laser scanner was used for gypsum models digitization and computed tomography scans was employed for skull reconstruction, then the data of teeth and temporomandibular joint were picked up and integrated. The ARCUS sigma system was used to record spatial mandibular movements. The data of both digital reconstruction and spatial movements were transferred into one coordinate system. The software for three-dimensional simulation was programmed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The preliminary program could be used to analyze static and dynamic occlusion and gnathic relations, to check the contact points and to show from various visual angles and slices. The occlusal plane, curves, and helical axis were initially defined and displayed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Using available instruments and methods, we developed the primary edition for three-dimensional simulation of the craniofacial system. However, it is far from a mature system and there is still plenty of work to be done.</p>
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Humans , Dental Occlusion , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Mandible , Physiology , Models, Anatomic , Skull , Temporomandibular Joint , Physiology , ToothABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Surgery to reshape the nose with an implant has been a regular procedure for enhancing a patient's appearance and self-confidence. The purpose of this study was to establish a three-dimensional surgical simulation system. which can provide the patients with realistic prediction of their own postoperative appearance in computer and specifically produce a nose implant for an individual patient.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Preoperative CT data and image-processing techniques were employed to generate a three dimensional template of the papatient' s face. Three-dimensional morphing processes were then applied to predict and compare the outcome of plastic procedures on a patient-specific nose surface, according to the patient' s expectation. By comparing and revising the changes before and after simulation, digital prototypes of the nose implants could be generated. The templates to create custom-made silicone implants were than produced by a computer controlled device.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Accurately regeneration of 3-D images and realistic operative simulations could be achieved with this system. The implants produced exactly conformed to the results of simulation. No curving and reshaping were needed during operating. The clinical results extremely matched with the simulations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The system enhances surgeon-patient communication and facilitates preoperative planning. It is especially desirable for implant surgery with less guesswork of size, contour, and orientation of the implant. The best chance of optimal results could be achieved.</p>