ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the characteristics of cognitive function in patients with early onset and adult onset schizophrenia.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 546 patients with schizophrenia who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) were selected.Among them, 62 cases were defined as early onset schizophrenia (EOS, age of onset＜18 years) and 175 patients were defined as adult onset schizophrenia (AOS, age of onset≥25 years).Patients underwent clinical assessments with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), and comprehensive neuropsychological assessments.Results:The EOS patients got lower scores in motor function-PEGDOM T score [ (26±12) vs. (30±11), P＜0.01], working memory-average T score of PASAT and WMSSP[ (34±12) vs. (38±10), P＜0.05]and executive function (inhibition) -Stroop T score [ (35±12) vs. (39±10), P＜0.05]than AOS patients.No differences were fund in processing speed, verbal memory and learning, visual memory and learning (Ps＞0.05) between the two groups.Conclusion:It suggests that the EOS patients have worse motor function, working memory and inhibition.
ABSTRACT
The present paper is aimed to discuss the influence of three different ways on modification of aluminum borate whiskers (AlBw) and on flexural properties of dental composite resins. In Group A, AlBw and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles were thermally fused directly under certain processes. In Group B, Si-O network was formed on the surface of AlBw via the sol-gel process of tetraethoxysilane, then thermally fused with SiO2 nanoparticles to form AlBw-SiO2 compound as inorganic fillers. In Group C, SiO2 nanoparticles were repaired by sol-gel method of tetraethoxysilane under certain processes, and were deposited in the surface of AlBw. The mixtures were fused with high temperature sintering method. The effects of the surface morphology of AlBw with different ways were characterized by TEM and SEM. Then the mixtures were polymerized with resin matrix after surface siliconization and their flexural strength and Young's modulus were determined. SEM was used to examine specimen fracture surfaces. The results showed that the flexural properties of dental composite resins were significantly improved after whiskers were modified. Different methods produce different effects. Flexural strength of the Group A is (95.28 +/- 4.53) MPa. The results of TEM and SEM revealed that the aggregation was obvious between AlBw and SiO2 nanoparticles. Flexural strength of the Group B was (123.14 +/- 17.37) MPa. The results of TEM and SEM revealed that the dispersity was improved but SiO2 nanoparticles also reunited. AlBw were modified with nanometer-size SiO2 particles which were prepared by sol-gel method based on tetraethyl orthosioate (TEOS), the flexural properties of a new type of dental composite resins was (130.29 +/- 8.38) MPa. The results of TEM and SEM revealed that better dispersion between AlBw and SiO2 nanoparticles occurred. The SiO2 nanoparticles were fused and attached onto the surface of AlBw uniformly.
Subject(s)
Acrylic Resins , Chemistry , Aluminum Compounds , Chemistry , Boron Compounds , Chemistry , Composite Resins , Chemistry , Elastic Modulus , Elasticity , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Nanoparticles , Chemistry , Phase Transition , Polyurethanes , Chemistry , Silanes , Chemistry , Silicon Dioxide , Chemistry , Stress, Mechanical , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the distribution of androgen receptor (AR) gene CAGrepeats in the Chinese Han nationality and its application in genetic diagnosis for Kennedy's disease (KD). MethodsRT-PCR,denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (DPAGE) and gene sequencing were conducted for AR gene CAG repetition among 100 healthy controls and 28 patients diagnosed as motorneuron diseases,and the number of the repetition was counted. Results The healthy controls had a range of 15-31 times of CAG repetition,with an average of (23 ± 3) times.Among patients with motoneuron disease,3 cases with CAG repetition for more than 40 times (namely,46,47 and 47 times) were diagnosed as KD.The main clinical manifestations included slow progress of limb weakness,primarily in the proximal lower limbs,fatigue accompanied by myalgia,muscle jumping,muscle atrophy,elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) levels,neurogenic damage revealed by electromyogram (EMG) and androgen insensitivity.Conclusions The incidence of KDmay be underestimated in the Chinese population.Performing genetic diagnosis in patients with motor neuron disease for AR gene can improve clinical diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosis.
ABSTRACT
The favorable biocompatibility of dental biomaterial is very important, which guarantees the safety and effectiveness of its clinical application. The cytotoxicity test, as one of the biological evaluation screening tests, is known to be an important and frequently used method to evaluate biocompatibility of biomaterials. This text is devoted to an overview of the cytotoxicity test for dental materials.