Association between severe famine exposure in different life cycles and central obesity in adulthood / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the association between famine exposure in different life cycles and the risk of central obesity. Methods A total of 2234 spermanent residents were recruited to participate in the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) Study ,they were grouped into four birth cohorts of fetal-exposed (born between January 1,1959, and December 31,1961,95 cases), childhood-exposed (born between January 11,949, and December 31,1958,533 cases), adolescence/adult-exposed (born between January 1,1931, and December 31,1948,256 cases),unexposed cohorts（born after January 1, 1975，871 cases).we used logistic regression model to assess the effect of famine exposure on central obesity in adulthood. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, females in the fetal/infant exposure group（OR=3.283,95%CI：1.472～7.321,P＜0.001）、childhood- exposed group (OR=3.557,95%CI：2.374～5.313,P＜0.001) and adolescence/adult-exposed group (OR=5.785，95%CI：3.536～9.492，P＜0.001) had a higher risk of adult central obesity than the control group.After excluding the subjects with coronary heart disease、cancer、diabetes、stroke or obesity, sensitivity analysis was carried out. The risk of central obesity increased in the female / fetal、childhood、adolescent / adult exposure group,which was unfound in males. Conclusion Severe famine exposure in fetal/infant、childhood and adolescence/adulthood can increase the risk of central obesity in adulthood in females. Therefore, the prevention and control of central obesity in female should start from the early life.

Shorter Telomere Length Is Associated with Increased Breast Cancer Risk in a Chinese Han Population: A Case-Control Analysis / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of telomere length with breast cancer risk. We simultaneously explored the association between telomerase reverse transcriptase gene polymorphisms and telomere length. METHODS: We used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to measure relative telomere length (RTL) in genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood from 183 breast cancer cases and 191 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. RESULTS: Our results show that breast cancer patients had significantly shorter RTLs than control subjects (p 40 years (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.31–4.43; p=0.005), body mass index ≤24 kg/m2 (OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.55–5.10; p=0.001), and postmenopausal women (OR, 3.94; 95% CI, 1.63–9.51; p=0.002), respectively. In addition, individuals with the AA genotype of rs2853677 have longer telomeres than those of breast cancer patients with the AG genotype (p=0.011). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that shorter RTL was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. An association was found between the AA genotype of rs2853677 and longer RTLs in the case group. Functional studies are warranted to validate this association and further investigate our findings.

Resistance surveillance analysis and distribution of common pathogen in a tuberculosis hospital from 2013 to 2015 / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution pattern and antimicrobial resistance of the clinical isolates of pathogen.Methods The identification and dug susceptibility tests of the isolates from 2013 to 2015 were performed by using VITEK2-compact system.The susceptibilities of isolates to antimicrobial agents were analyzed with WHONET 5.6 software.Results A Total of 2 991(90.4%) gram-negative bacteria and 317(9.6%) gram-positive bacteria were isolated.Among all of the isolates,the top three pathogens were Klebsiella pneumonia,followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.The detection rates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli were 40.4%,48.2% and 38.3% respectively in the three consecutive years,while the detection rates of the ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumonia were 16.9%,8.4% and 11.6% respectively.No Escherichia coli resistant to impenem were detected.The resistant rate to impenem of Klebsiella pneumonia was 1.6%.The detection rates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and methicillin resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci(MRCNS) in the three years were 53.8%,54.3%,42.9% and 84.5%,82.7%,85.9% respectively.No Staphylococci isolates resistant to linezolid and tigecycline were found.Enterococcus isolates were sensitive to gentamicine,linezolid,tigecycline and vancomycin.Conclusion Carbapenems could remain the best antimicrobials against Enterobacteriaccae.Lnezolid and tigecycline could be effective antimicrobials against Staphylococci isolates.The detection rates of Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumannii increased year by year.The monitoring of drug resistance should be strengthened to control the emergence and spread of multidrug resistant pathogen.

Changes of biochemical indexes in the brain and spinal cord after shock and vibration damage / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: High-energy vibration is easy to damage non-cavity organs of the body and the damage effect is remarkable, but few studies concern the process of high-energy vibration-induced injury. OBJECTIVE: To understand physiological, biochemical and pathological changes of animal bodies after high-energy vibration-induced injury. METHODS: A total of 32 dogs were randomly divided into four groups. Dogs in the mild vibration injury group, moderate vibration injury group and severe vibration injury group received 700, 1 000, and 2 100 m/s2 vibration. Dogs in the control group were considered as normal controls. Within 14 days after vibration, serum K+, Ca2+, Zn2+, S100β, and neuron specific enolase concentrations were detected. Immunohistochemical staining was observed in the spinal cord and the brain. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Serum K+, Ca2+, Zn2+concentrations showed a regular change in the three vibration injury group, and no evident change was found immediately after vibration injury. K+ concentrations reached a minimum at 0.5 day after vibration injury. Ca2+ concentrations reached a minimum at 1 day after vibration injury. Zn2+concentrations reached a minimum at 0.5 or 1 day. Above concentrations gradual y increased and became normal at 14 days. Serum neuron specific enolase and S100β expression increased at 0.5 day after vibration in the three vibration injury groups, peaked at 1 day, gradual y diminished, and recovered to a normal level or higher level at 14 days. In the three vibration groups, bleeding point of contact position and hedge position could be found in the spinal cord and brain. The degree of bleeding was more significant when kil ed instantly after vibration compared with that at 14 days. S100β, glial fibril ary acidic protein and neuron specific enolase expression increased in the spinal cord and brain.

The experimental investigation of laryngeal cancer growth in vive by recombinant lentivirus of small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting MMP-9 / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the inhibitive role of lentivirus mediated MMP-9 gene silence in the growth of laryngeal cancer xenografts.@*METHOD@#The nude mouse model of laryngeal squamous carcinoma was established and RNA interference (RNAi) technic was used. Recombinant MMP-9-RNAi-Lentivirus was intratumoral injected while the empty vector lentivirus was taken as control. After the treatment, tumor inhibitive effect was observed and western-blot was used to test the expression of MMP-9 in the xenografts. Finally, the PCNA expression in xenografts were examined with immunohistochemistry to evaluate proliferation change of the Hep-2 cells.@*RESULT@#The average tumor weight was (1.484 +/- 0.391) g in group treated with MMP-9-RNAi-Lentivirus which was significantly lower than that (2.618 +/- 0.465) g in the control group (P < 0.05). The average tumor volume was (1.177 +/- 0.270) cm3 in group treated with MMP-9-RNAi-Lentivirus which was significantly lower than that (2.034 +/- 0.366) cm3 in the control group (P < 0.05) and the tumor inhibitive rate was 43.32%. Western-blot showed there were 7 cases of xenografts with MMP-9 protein negative expression and the other 3 cases were tested with weak positive expression in the treated group xenografts. Whereas all the 10 cases of xenografts were tested with MMP-9 positive expression in the control group. Immunohistochemistry showed PCNA index in treated group was (55.41 +/- 8.77)% which was obviously lower than that (77.04 +/- 6.91)% in control group (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The growth and proliferation of laryngeal cancer could be inhibited by recombinant MMP-9-RNAi-Lentivirus.

The application of IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism and spoligotyping in identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To assess the application of IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)and Spoligotyping in the epidemiology of tuberculosis and to discuss the characteristic of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis in different regions in China.Methods 158 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, were verified by IS6110-RFLP and spoligotyping.Results The discriminatory power of IS6110-RFLP was higher than that of spoligotyping. The result of spoligotyping was compared with the international spoligotype database. Fourteen types belonged to the shared types, in which the type 1 was epidemic and widely,called Beijing genotype. There was significantly difference among the mycobacterium tuberculosis between Guangdong and other regions in clustered rate and the proportion of Beijing genotype (P

Taiwan's medical system and the privacy right in the patient physician relationship / 中国医学伦理学

In the Health-Care system,the right of privacy is an important part for protecting benefits and the trust between doctors and patients.Most of the discussion about privacy in Taiwan is modeled after the West.They assume that every individual is exiting like an atom,and separate the individual from the community.In our society and culture,we look at the individual with a totally different attitude.This paper tries to introduce the western privacy theory and extends its meaning when applying into the relationship between doctors and patients.It analyses the problem of privacy in terms of the participation and status of family members in the signing of the surgical consent form and patient physician relationship and tries to make a comparative studies of the reasonableness feasibility of the exclusion of the participation of the family in the West.