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Objective:To assess the relationship between appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and ankle brachial index (ABI) among patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, from July 2018 to March 2019, a total of 278 patients with type 2 diabetes treated in Zhongda Hospital were enrolled in this study, and there were 158 males and 120 females. General information and clinical biochemical parameters and ABI in the patients were collected. The appendicular muscle mass was quantitatively measured with body composition analyzer to achieve ASM. And the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), skeletal muscle index (SMI), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass/body mass index (ASM/BMI) were calculated respectively. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analyses with different adjustment models were conducted to analyze the correlation between ABI and above-mentioned indexes.Results:The Pearson correlation analysis showed that ABI had significant positive correlation with ASM, ASMI and ASM/BMI ( r=0.14, 0.13, 0.13, all P<0.05), but a marginal relation with SMI ( r=0.116, P=0.053). Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that ASMI ( β=0.053, 95% CI: 0.006-0.101, P=0.027) and AMI/ABI ( β=0.347, 95% CI: 0.040-0.654, P=0.027) were significantly related to ABI. Conclusion:ASM is positively associated with ABI in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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The present study was performed to establish the UPLC fingerprints of Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma and determine the contents of three saponins by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS), and provide basis for quality evaluation of Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma. The analysis was carried out on an analytical column of Waters Cortecs T3(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.6 μm)with gradient elution by acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1). The detection wavelength was 203 nm, the column temperature was 30 ℃ and the injection volume was 1 μL. The UPLC fingerprints of Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma were established and evaluated by similarity calculation, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The relative calibration factors of toberoside B and toberoside C were determined with toberoside A as internal reference. The content was calculated by relative calibration factors to develop a method of QAMS. Comparing the results of QAMS with those of ESM, the accuracy and feasibility of one-eva-luation and multi-evaluation can be determined. RESULTS:: showed that the fingerprints of 19 batches of Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma have four common peaks with similarities ranging from 0.754 to 1.000. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis classified 19 batches of Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma into three categories, which was consistent with the similarity evaluation results. The relative deviation between the content of tubeicosides B and C in 19 batches of Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma determined by QAMS and ESM is less than 5.0%, indicating that there was no significant difference between the two methods. Therefore, the UPLC fingerprints combined with QAMS and similarity evaluation can be effectively used to evaluate the quality of Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma.
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Principal Component Analysis , Quality Control , RhizomeABSTRACT
Objective To recombine the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived from the urine of septic encephalopathy (SE) patients, and provided a specificity cell model to explore the mechanism of the neuronal damage and treatment for SE patients. Methods Urine of SE patient was collected, and tubular epithelial cells were isolated and cultured from the urine. iPSC were derived from SE patient by introducing 4 transcription factors OCT4, Klf4, Sox2, c-Myc (OKSM) into patient-specific urine cells by Millipore's Human STEMCCATM Constitutive Polycistronic (OKSM) Lentivirus Kit. Colony morphology, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and differentiation ability were used to identify the pluripetency of these iPSC lines. In addition, neurons were derived from these iPSC by inhibiting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway. Results The SE-iPSC exhibited morphological and growth characteristics of human embryonic stem cell (hES), showed positivity for AKP by histochemical staining, and expressed embryonic stem cell (ESC) marker genes. There was a significant statistical difference in ESC-marker mRNA expression between the SE-iPSC and the urine cells [NANOG mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 1.153±0.142 vs. 0.126±0.024, t =-10.688; REX1 mRNA (2-ΔΔCt):1.419±0.206 vs. 0.103±0.066, t =-14.245; OCT4 mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 1.233±0.176 vs. 0.201±0.022, t =-9.028; Sox2 mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 1.334±0.119 vs. 0.159±0.017, t =-12.653, all P < 0.01]. Subcutaneous injection of iPSC into NOD-SCID mice resulted in teratomas containing tissues from all the 3 germ layers. Furthermore, neurons were successfully induced from SE-iPSC. Conclusion The SE patient-specific iPSC could be generated from urine cells and differentiated into neurons, furthermore, the SE-iPSC cell line can be used as models for further elucidating the cellular pathology and developing therapeutic strategies for SE.
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As known,simultaneous determination of various chemical indicators is one of the future trends in quality control of traditional Chinese medicines because of the extremely complex chemical compositions. This project is to screen the quality markers that can accurately control the quality of the Bufonis Venenum by exploring the intrinsic correlation of components. In this study,venom of Bufo bufo gargarizans from 17 different sources were used as research samples,and the contents of 7 bufogenin were determined by HPLC-DAD. Then,the data obtained were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and principal component analysis( PCA). In addition,a stepwise regression analysis was used to establish a predictive model for the contents of the seven bufogenin components( independent variable) and the total contents of the bufogenin( dependent variable). The results indicated that there is a significant positive correlation between the contents of telocinobufagin and cinobufotalin,and there is a significant positive correlation between the contents of bufalin,cinobufagin and resibufogenin. In contrast,the contents of telocinobufagin and cinobufotalin are negatively correlated with the contents of bufalin,cinobufagin and resibufogenin. However,the correlation between gamabufotalin and bufotalin and other components are not obvious. Furthermore,further study found that there is a correlation between the sum of the contents of bufalin,cinobufagin and telocinobufagin and the total contents of the bufogenin. In fact,the application of bufalin,cinobufagin and telocinobufagin as the quality control indicators of the Bufonis Venenum can better reflect the quality characteristics of the Bufonis Venenum compared with the previous quality control indicators. The conclusions will provide a reference for the revision of the quality standards of the Bufonis Venenum.
Subject(s)
Animals , Amphibian Venoms , Chemistry , Bufanolides , Bufo bufo , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Quality ControlABSTRACT
Objective@#To recombine the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived from the urine of septic encephalopathy (SE) patients, and provided a specificity cell model to explore the mechanism of the neuronal damage and treatment for SE patients.@*Methods@#Urine of SE patient was collected, and tubular epithelial cells were isolated and cultured from the urine. iPSC were derived from SE patient by introducing 4 transcription factors OCT4, Klf4, Sox2, c-Myc (OKSM) into patient-specific urine cells by Millipore's Human STEMCCATM Constitutive Polycistronic (OKSM) Lentivirus Kit. Colony morphology, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and differentiation ability were used to identify the pluripetency of these iPSC lines. In addition, neurons were derived from these iPSC by inhibiting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway.@*Results@#The SE-iPSC exhibited morphological and growth characteristics of human embryonic stem cell (hES), showed positivity for AKP by histochemical staining, and expressed embryonic stem cell (ESC) marker genes. There was a significant statistical difference in ESC-marker mRNA expression between the SE-iPSC and the urine cells [NANOG mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 1.153±0.142 vs. 0.126±0.024, t = -10.688; REX1 mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 1.419±0.206 vs. 0.103±0.066, t = -14.245; OCT4 mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 1.233±0.176 vs. 0.201±0.022, t = -9.028; Sox2 mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 1.334±0.119 vs. 0.159±0.017, t = -12.653, all P < 0.01]. Subcutaneous injection of iPSC into NOD-SCID mice resulted in teratomas containing tissues from all the 3 germ layers. Furthermore, neurons were successfully induced from SE-iPSC.@*Conclusion@#The SE patient-specific iPSC could be generated from urine cells and differentiated into neurons, furthermore, the SE-iPSC cell line can be used as models for further elucidating the cellular pathology and developing therapeutic strategies for SE.
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Objective To understand the occurrence of healthcare-associated infection (HAI),distribution of pathogens,and drug resistance in a general hospital in 2014-2016,provide basis for prevention and control of HAI.Methods Clinical data of hospitalized patients from January 2014 to December 2016 were collected by prospective and retrospective investigation,distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing HAI were statistically analyzed.Results From 2014 to 2016,4 750 patients had 5 352 cases of HAI,incidence and case incidence of HAI were 2.19％ and 2.46％ respectively.Incidences of HAI in three years were 2.47％,2.07％,and 2.05％ respectively,showing a decreased tendency,difference was statistically significant (x2 =36.217,P＜0.01).Incidences of HAI were high in intensive care unit,department of neurosurgery,as well as department of burn and plastic surgery,the common HAI sites were respiratory tract,urinary tract,and surgical sites.The main pathogens causing HAI were gram-negative bacteria (76.10％).Resistance rates of Escherichia coli to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones were relatively higher (＞60％);resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenems were relatively higher;resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to carbapenems showed a increased tendency year by year (x2 =15.175,P =0.001);antimicrobial resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii were all＞50 ％.Methicillin-resistant Staphy lococcus aureus (SA) accounted for about 60％ of SA,methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus(CNS) accounted for more than 80％ of CNS,vancomycin-and linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus spp.were not found.Conclusion The common pathogens causing HAI in this hospital are higher.Scientific monitoring on HAI and regular analysis of clinical data are of great significance for guiding rational use of antimicrobial agents,controlling multidrug-resistant organisms,and reducing the occurrence of HAI.
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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) signaling pathway can regulate cell growth, metabolism, and apoptosis, which has a wide range of biological effects. It participates in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease, and metabolic disorders, and it is an important target for treatment. In recent years, the role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the development of coronary heart disease has been increasingly paid attention. The relationship between the structural features of PI3K/Akt and the development of coronary heart disease and the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine is summarized to provide a reference for the development of coronary heart disease treatment.
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Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Sang Ju Yin (Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Decoction), and elucidate its bioactive components on nuclear factor-κappa B (NF-κB) inhibition, and to further clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Sang Ju Yin, so as to provide the basis for establishing its quality standard. Methods: UPLC-Q/TOF MS coupled with NF-κB activity luciferase reporter assay system was applied to determine the potential anti-inflammatory components in Sang Ju Yin. And the human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were selected to set up the inflammatory injury model, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, loganin, and malonic acid in Sang Ju Yin were investigated for their anti-inflammation. Results: Sixteen components were screened to have the NF-κB inhibitory effects. Among them, malonic acid, 22β-acetoxyl-glycyrrhizic acid, and licorice saponin G2 were first reported to have the NF-κB inhibitory activity. Conclusion: Sang Ju Yin contains the potential NF-κB inhibitors. Sixteen potentially active ingredients are found to have the anti-inflammatory effects as NF-κB inhibitors.
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Ganmaoling granule is the first brand of domestic cold medicine sales, but its preparation method and process control parameters are relatively rough. Therefore it is urgent to upgrade the technologies of large varieties of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This paper focused on the balance between the remove of impurity and the retention of linarin during the process of alcohol precipitation of Ganmaoling granules. The effects of four factors on the process were investigated via single factor experiments. The results showed that the precipitating period, the initial ethanol concentration and the final ethanol concentration had a great effect on retention of linarin while the initial density of the extract has not. Similarly, the initial ethanol concentration, the final ethanol concentration and the initial extract density have a great effect on the yield of dry extract while the time of alcohol precipitation has not. The parameters of alcohol precipitation of Ganmaoling granules were optimized as 16 h of precipitating period, 95% ethanol as the initial reagent, 70% of the final ethanol concentration, and 1.10 of the initial extract density.
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Ganmaoling granule, with annual sale of over one billion yuan, is the first brand of domestic cold medicine sales. As the only traditonal Chinese medicine（TCM） quality control indicator of Ganmaoling granule, linarin is thermally unstable. Its content will be changed significantly during the production process, which would then affect the quality of the finished product. In this paper, the law of degradation of linarin was investigated. The experimental results showed that degradation reaction of linarin belongs to the first reaction characteristics. The effective methods to reduce the loss of linarin would be realized fortunately by strictly controlling the heating temperature or shortening the heating time.
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Extraction of the four Chinese herbals is the beginning step of the production process of coldrine granules and influences on drug quality significantly. In this paper, the on-line near infrared spectrum was collected during the extraction process of coldrine and then pre-processed by the first derivative. Partial least square regression (PLSR) model was developed for the quantity indicators of linarin, chlorogenic acid and solid content, according to results of both HPLC and weight-loss as reference methods. The correlation coefficient, root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV), root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were used to optimize model parameters and confirm their performance. Correlation coefficients of three quality control indicator models reached more than 0.95.Values of RMSEC of linarin, chloroenic acid and solid content were 0.010 4, 0.009 34 and 0.055 5, respectively. And the values of RMSEP were 0.009 47, 0.142 and 0.008 42, respectively. The models, built on-line analyze data, revealed that the correlation coefficients of predicted values and measured values were greater than 0.97 and values of RSEP of linarin, chloroenic acid and solid content were 8.14%, 8.17% and 9.86%, respectively. The results showed that the NIR method could achieve the on-line detection and real-time monitoring of multi-indexes during the extraction process of coldrine. The technology could be used for drug quality control in the process of practical production, reducing the batch differences and ensuring pharmaceutical quality stability. In addition, it could provide real-time production data for subsequent product quality backtracking.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the application of inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) in prevention of peri-operative pulmonary embolism (PE) in lower limb bone fracture patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2003 to December 2012, 2 248 cases of lower limb and pelvic fractures with DVT were retrospectively analyzed. Before the procedure of IVCF implantation began, January 2003 to December 2007, there were 1 052 cases of acute trauma patients with DVT were classified as the group of early none-IVCF. The IVCF implantation was began since January 2008. From that time to December 2012, 712 cases of bone fractures with DVT received filter implantation, which were classified as IVCF group. The other 484 patients who had not undergone filter deployment were divided as group of late none-IVCF. The baseline conditions of the three groups were significantly different in addition to the ages between group of early none-IVCF and IVCF group. The incidences of PE and mortality of PE in each group were recorded and analyzed by χ(2) test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were totally 31 cases of symptomatic PE, among which 12 cases died. Totally 712 filters were deployed successfully without any major complications. The incidences of symptomatic PE were 0.14% (1/712), 2.19% (23/1 052) and 1.45% (7/484) in IVCF group, group of early none-IVCF and group of late none-IVCF, respectively. The mortality of PE were 0 (0/712), 0.86% (9/1 052) and 0.62% (3/484) in these groups. The incidence of symptomatic PE in IVCF group was significantly different from that in the group of early and late none-IVCF (χ(2) = 11.762, P = 0.001; χ(2) = 7.395, P = 0.007, respectively). The mortality of IVCF group was also significantly lower compared with the other two groups (χ(2) = 6.122, P = 0.013; χ(2) = 4.424, P = 0.035, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IVCF implantation effectively prevents symptomatic and fatal PE of patients of lower limb and pelvic fractures with DVT in the peri-operative period.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Leg Injuries , Lower Extremity , Pulmonary Embolism , Retrospective Studies , Vena Cava Filters , Venous ThrombosisABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the novel method of combinedly use of occluder and bare stent in the treatment of aortic dissection with distal tear at visceral branches.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From April 2010 to September 2012, 6 patients (5 male and 1 female patients, aged from 29 to 62 years, mean 47.2 years) were diagnosed as Stanford type B aortic dissection that been revealed by CT angiography. The main tears were sealed with stent-grafts firstly, and then the tears at the visceral branch area were evaluated that impossible to close spontaneously. Atrium septal defect occluder and ventricular septal defect were implanted at the tears with the anterior disc in false lumen, while the posterior disc in the true lumen. After that, the bare stents were implanted in the true lumen to pull the occluders on the aortic wall.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 6 procedures, occluders were successfully implanted in 5 cases, and 1 failed anchoring at the tear, and the alternative method of coils embolization was applicated. After all the procedures, the immediate aortogrophy revealed that the false lumen disappeared in the 5 cases that occluders were used, and the visceral branches were all patent. No paraplegia, lesion of visceral organs or other complications occurred. All the cases were followed at least 5 months. There was one endoleak due to a non-sealed tear at the descending aorta, one new-occurred small tear in the descending aorta but with no communication to the false lumen.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The combinedly use of occluder and bare stent in the treatment of aortic dissection with tears at the visceral branch area is a sum of two simple technique plus each other. It is easily to master. The lesions at the aortic that ordinary stent-grafting incapable to seal are successfully solved then. The huge trauma of open or hybrid procedures are avoided.</p>
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Humans , Aortic Dissection , General Surgery , Aortic Aneurysm , General Surgery , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic , General Surgery , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation , StentsABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate feasibility of flap fenestration in management of the condition that a stent-graft is wrongly deployed in false lumen of aortic dissection.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on a case of Stanford type B aortic dissection who was confirmed that the stent-graft had been wrongly deployed in false lumen of aortic dissection by CT angiography (CTA) after endovascular repair.Thereafter,an additional surgical management was carried out.At length,flap fenestration at 2 cm below pre-deployed stent-graft was performed using an Outback catheter so as to link false and true lumens.Successively,another stent-graft was placed via the access to draw blood flow from false lumen back to true lumen and then coil embolization was performed for distal breach of the dissection.Results Surgery was carried out under local anesthesia,with operation duration of 170 minutes and intraoperative blood loss of 350 ml.The chest and back pain disappeared after operation.The patient commenced to take food and take off-bed activity at the very day of operation in absence of paraplegia,visceral ischemia,or other complications.Aortic CTA at postoperative one week showed ideal positioning of stent-graft,fluent blood flow of aorta and major visceral artery,and vanishing of false lumen.Conclusions Flap fenestration at far-end of pre-deployed stent-graft so as to draw blood flow back to true lumen by connecting the new placed stent graft to pre-deployed stent-graft is an effective treatment for mis-deployment of stentgraft in false lumen of aortic dissection.Outback catheter for flap fenestration is characterized by accurate location and high safety.
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Objective To study the complications related to and its management after retrieving temporary and retrievable IVC filters.Methods From Jul 2007 to Mar 2012,576 consecutive cases of deep venous thrombosis secondary to bone fractures confirmed by Duplex ultrasonography,received IVCF deployment to avoid fatal pulmonary embolism during perioperative period.There were 192 cases receiving temporary filters and 384 cases with retrievable filters.The temporary and retrievable filters were removed 2 to 4 weeks after implantation.Results The success rate of temporary filter removing was 100％.In 24 cases,the filters captured huge thrombi,and they were removed after thrombolysis using the Uni-fuse catheter.One patient received permanent filter deployment before removing the tempo-filter.Filters were successfully removed in 367 out of 384 cases with retrievable ones with a successful rate of 95.57％.In 7 cases the filters were removed with large thrombi.Double-snare-technique was used to retrieve 15 seriously tilted filters.After a mean 22 months follow-up,no pulmonary embolism occurred,but symptomatic DVT were revealed in 26 patients,and the conditions were improved after anticoagulation treatment.Conclusions The application of Uni-fuse thrombolysis catheter increases the success rate of filters retrieving,double-snare-technique helps retrieve seriously tilted filters and decrease long-term complications of permanent filters.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To evaluate the application of inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) in prevention of peri-operative pulmonary embolism in patients with bone fracture combined with deep venous thrombosis (DVT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 2007 to April 2011, 572 cases of bone fractures consequent with DVT that confirmed by Duplex were deployed IVCF to avoid fatal pulmonary embolism in the para-operative period. There were 318 male and 254 female patients with a mean age of (51±23) years (ranging from 16 to 94 years).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the operations of deployment of the IVCFs were successfully. There were 174 permanent and 399 temporary IVCFs deployed. In all 399 temporary filters, 389 filters were taken out successfully. The mean station time in the IVC of the temporary filters was 22.8 days (7 to 60 days), among which, 118 were found of captured thrombus. After the follow-up of mean 16 months (3 to 40 months) of 566 patients, no pulmonary embolism occurred, but symptomatic DVT were revealed in 15 patients, and the conditions were improved after anticoagulation treatment. No serious complication of post thrombotic syndrome occurred.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IVCF deployment can prevent the trauma patients with deep vein thrombosis of fatal pulmonary embolism in the peri-operative period, which may also offer a safe condition to the orthopedic operations.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Follow-Up Studies , Fractures, Bone , Pulmonary Embolism , Retrospective Studies , Vena Cava Filters , Venous ThrombosisABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the safety of performing thyroidectomy together with central lymph node dissection(CLND). Methods Meta analysis was performed on 7 selected clinical papers using MantelHaenszel method and relative risk was calculated. Results A total of 1524 patients were eligible to be included,among whom 904 cases underwent thyroidectomy alone and 620 cases underwent total thyroidectomy combined with CLND. The risk rate of temporary hypocalcemia and temporary vocal cord palsy for CLND was 24. 77% and 9. 12% respectively, which was higher than that in performing thyroidectomy alone. However, the risk of permanent hypocalcemia and permanent vocal cord palsy had no statistic difference between the two groups. Conclusion As there is no increased morbidity of CLND, it is prudently suggested to give a prophylactic CLND for patients with high risk of thyroid papillary carcinoma.
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Objective To evaluate the safety of central lymph node dissection with total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Methods A meta-analysis on the data of suitable seven clinical researches was performed using the Mantel-Haenszel method and the risk difference was calculated.Results Seven studies with a total of 1524 patients were eligible for inclusion, 620 were with totalthyroidectomy plus central lymph node dissection and 904 with thyroidectomy alone. There was a significant increased risk of temporary hypocalcaemia ( P = 0. 03 ) and temporary vocal cord palsy ( P = 0. 01 ) when central lymph node dissection was performed in addition to a thyroidectomy. However, the risk of permanent hypocalcaemia( P = 0. 32 ) and permanent vocal cord palsy (P = 0. 75 ) has no statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusion Central neck dissection added to thyroidectomy does not increase rate of permanent morbidity in thyroid cancer patients.
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The study was aimed to investigate the changes of blood coagulation factors during hemorrhagic shock in rats and the effects of various of resuscitation fluids on expression of blood coagulation factors in rats with hemorrhagic shock and to clarify its possible mechanism. 50 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, sham operation, shock, resuscitation 1 (infusion with Ringer's lactate) and resuscitation 2 (infusion with 6% VOLUVEN), 10 rats per group. The rats in resuscitation 1 and resuscitation 2 groups were subjected to hemorrhagic shock, after hemorrhage shock for 1 hour resuscitation was performed with Ringer's lactate and 6% VOLUVEN. After resuscitation for 2 hours the changes of t-PA, PAI-1, TF were measured. At the same time, the rats in shock and the sham operation groups were blooded out so as to test. The results showed that the levels of plasma t-PA, t-PA/PAI, TF in the shock and resuscitation 1 groups were significantly higher than that in control and sham operation groups (P<0.01). The levels of plasma t-PA, t-PA/PAI in resuscitation 1 group were higher than that in shock group (P<0.01), the levels of plasma t-PA, t-PA/PAI and TF in the resuscitation 2 group were significantly lower than that in shock and resuscitation 1 groups (P<0.01). It is concluded that hemorrhagic shock may trigger the coagulation cascade reaction, results in hyperfunctioning of fiberinolysis and activation of platelets and coagulation system, and so the coagulation factor is greatly consumed. Unbalance of coagulation system plays an important role in the progress of shock. Efficacy of resuscitation with 6% VOLUVEN plus Ringer's lactate may be better than Ringer's lactate alone in regulating blood coagulation after hemorrhagic shock in rats.
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Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Blood Coagulation Factors , Metabolism , Fluid Therapy , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 , Blood , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Resuscitation , Shock, Hemorrhagic , Blood , Therapeutics , Thromboplastin , Metabolism , Tissue Plasminogen Activator , BloodABSTRACT
Objective To observe the antihypertensive effect of indapamide combined with enalapril on spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).Methods Forty SHRs were randomly divided into 4 groups: control,indapamide,enalapril,and indapamide+enalapril(n=10 in each group).Medicine in varied doses was given to rats by intragastric administration.Variations of weight,heart rate and blood pressure were measured. Results Varied doses of medicine did not exert significant effects to the weight and heart rate of SHRs during and after the administration.In indapamide+enalapril group,the pressure of SHRs was significantly decreased with varied doses compared to that before the administration(P