Influence of Awareness and Perceived Ease in Using Parental Leave on Job Satisfaction of Nurses in a Public Hospital / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify whether awareness and perceived ease in using parental leave influence job satisfaction of nurses in a public hospital. METHODS: The participants were 425 nurses working in a public hospital. A questionnaire was used to collect data from October 12 to October 25, 2016. The influence of the factors on job satisfaction of nurses was analyzed by multiple hierarchical regression. RESULTS: Nurses taking leave accounted for 46.8% (75 nurses) of 160 married nurses. They worried about adaptation after return to work (30.7%) and complained about disadvantages related to using parental leave (45.3%). The percentage of nurses on leave replaced by new full time nurses was 70.7%. Nurses' awareness (β=.16) of perceived ease of using parental leave (β=.32) influenced the nurses' job satisfaction (R2=.21). CONCLUSION: To improve job satisfaction for nurses, it is necessary to increase awareness and perceived ease of using parental leave. Public hospitals should replace nurses on leave with temporary nurses and help returning nurses adapt to their jobs as they return to work. Nursing managers should create a healthy climate in which it is easy for nurses to take parental leave.

Influence of Verbal Abuse on Job Stress for Special Unit Nurses and General Ward Nurses in General Hospitals / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: It is expected that there will be a difference in job stress between special unit (operating room, anesthesia room) nurses and general ward nurses in general hospitals, but factors influencing job stress have not been examined. This study reports on research to examine the sources of verbal abuse in the workplace. METHODS: Participants were 243 nurses (special unit 112, general ward 132) working in a hospital in I city. Data collection period was March 18 to March 25, 2016 and questionnaires were used to collect data. Comparison of differences in influence of verbal abuse on job stress between special unit and general ward nurses was analyzed with multiple hierarchical regression. RESULTS: In special unit nurses, verbal abuse from doctors and/or nurses influenced their job stress (Adj. R²=.545). In general ward nurses, verbal abuse from patients and/or care-givers influenced their job stress (Adj. R²=.241). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate a need to campaign for increase respect among nurse-doctor, nurse-nurse, and nurse-patients/care givers because verbal abuse from doctors, nurses, and patients/care-givers causes negative attitudes in nurses. General ward nurses in particular should provide sufficient explanation to patients about nursing services because verbal abuse from patients/care-givers is related to their complaints about nursing care.

Effects of Silver-Care-Robot Program on Cognitive Function, Depression, and Activities of Daily Living for Institutionalized Elderly People

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects on cognitive function, depression, and activities of daily living of Silver-Care-Robot Program for institutionalized elders. METHODS: This study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 42 institutionalized elders (17 in the experimental group and 25 in the control group). The Silver-Care-Robot Program was provided as an intervention which was conducted twice a week for 5 weeks. The Silver-Care-Robot Program is an integrated entertainment program to help the mental, emotional, and physical health of elderly people. Pre-test was conducted on the two groups, and, in order to examine the effects of intervention, a post-test was conducted after 5 weeks. RESULTS: There were significant differences in cognitive function and ADL (activities of daily living) between two groups after the program. But the difference in depression in the institutionalized elders was not statistically significant between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The Silver-Care-Robot Program should be considered as a regular program for cognitive function and activities of daily living for institutionalized elders.

Comparison of Operating Room Nurses and General Ward Nurses on Communicative Competence and Interpersonal Relationship Ability within the Medical Team / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose was to compare operating room (OR) nurses and general ward nurses on their communication competence and interpersonal relationship ability within the medical team. METHODS: Participants were 276 nurses (OR 122, ward 154) working in one of 4 university hospitals located in I and K areas. Data were collected using a questionnaire and data collection was done in June, 2013. Comparisons between OR nurses and general ward nurses on communication competence and interpersonal relationship ability were analyzed using ANCOVA. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in communication competence (F=11.96, p=.001) with average score for OR nurses at 3.37 points and ward nurses at 3.53 points. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in interpersonal relationship ability (F=15.51, p<.001) with the average score for OR nurses at 3.30 points and ward nurses at 3.50 points. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a need to develop a variety of programs to promote communication competence in OR nurses and to enhance the openness of interpersonal relationship ability in human resource management.

Factors Influencing Organizational Socialization in Nursing Students / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: This study investigates the influence of education satisfaction, communication competence, and group cohesion on organizational socialization in nursing students. METHODS: The subjects were 175 third year nursing students. Data were collected from June 3 to 14, 2013 through a self-reporting questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by multiple regression using the SPSSWIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: The organizational socialization score of nursing students averaged 3.79 points (5 Likert scale). Practice education satisfaction, communication competence and group cohesion of nursing students influenced organizational socialization (R2 52.5%, F=49.051, p<.001). CONCLUSION: For nursing students, practice education satisfaction, communication competence and group cohesion are significant variables for organizational socialization. Thus, in order to enhance the organizational socialization of nursing students, there is a need to develop a differentiated practicum curriculum that considers nursing student demands in collaboration with nursing faculty and administrators on the basis of education programs, including concepts of communication competence and group cohesion.

Influence of Leader-Member Exchange Quality of Head Nurses and Clinical Nurses on Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction in Clinical Nurses / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose was to identify the influence the quality of head and clinical nurses' LMX (Leader-Member Exchange) on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. METHODS: The participants were 42 head nurses and 202 clinical nurses who worked in 7 hospitals with more than 300 beds in I-city. The data were collected from March 10 to April 10, 2013 using a self-report questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using hierarchical regression with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: The mean score for head nurses' LMX quality was 3.66 and for clinical nurses, 3.51. Clinical nurses' LMX quality and age had a positive impact on job satisfaction (F=8.00, p<.001). Clinical nurses' LMX quality and marriage (not single) had a positive impact on organizational commitment (F=6.76, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The LMX quality of head nurse was higher than that of clinical nurses, but did not positively affect clinical nurses' job satisfaction or organizational commitment indicating that the LMX quality of clinical nurses is more important than that of head nurse. Thus head nurses should make efforts to lead their units or teams in a positive and friendly way. This positive recognition will promote greater job satisfaction and organizational commitment of clinical nurses.

Comparison of Metabolic Syndrome Components, Abnormal Liver Function, and Living Habits according to Abdominal Obesity in Male and Female Workers / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study attempted to compare the metabolic syndrome components, liver function and heathy living habits according to abdominal obesity in male and female workers. METHODS: The subjects of this study are 1,078 adult workers who visited N hospital in Incheon for health examination. The data were analyzed using t-test or chi2-test with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome are 22.2% in male workers, and 5.2% in female workers. There were significant differences in 4 metabolic syndrome components (high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterolemia), abnormal liver function, and living habits (alcohol drinking) according to abdominal obesity in male workers. There were significant differences in 1 metabolic syndrome component (low HDL cholesterolemia), and abnormal liver function in female workers. CONCLUSION: It is important to manage all metabolic syndrome components and alcohol drinking in the case of male workers with abdominal obesity, and low HDL cholesterolemia in the case of female workers. Also, occupational nurses should include the relevance between abdominal obesity and liver function index when training health for workers in workplace.

Comparison of Metabolic Syndrome Components, Abnormal Liver Function, and Living Habits according to Abdominal Obesity in Male and Female Workers / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study attempted to compare the metabolic syndrome components, liver function and heathy living habits according to abdominal obesity in male and female workers. METHODS: The subjects of this study are 1,078 adult workers who visited N hospital in Incheon for health examination. The data were analyzed using t-test or chi2-test with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome are 22.2% in male workers, and 5.2% in female workers. There were significant differences in 4 metabolic syndrome components (high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterolemia), abnormal liver function, and living habits (alcohol drinking) according to abdominal obesity in male workers. There were significant differences in 1 metabolic syndrome component (low HDL cholesterolemia), and abnormal liver function in female workers. CONCLUSION: It is important to manage all metabolic syndrome components and alcohol drinking in the case of male workers with abdominal obesity, and low HDL cholesterolemia in the case of female workers. Also, occupational nurses should include the relevance between abdominal obesity and liver function index when training health for workers in workplace.

Influence of Interpersonal Attitude on Communication Competence in Care Workers for Frail Elderly / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of interpersonal attitude (I+, I-, U+, U-) on communication competence in care workers for frail elderly. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey. The data were collected from 153 care workers for frail elderly using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: The interpersonal attitude style of subjects was I+U+, and the score of communication competence was 3.53. There were significant differences in interpersonal attitude (I+, I-), and communication competence depending on age, education level, experience of personality type test (yes). Factors influencing on communication competence in care workers were interpersonal attitude (I+, I-, U+) and experience of personality type test with R2 value of 48.5% (F=23.47 p<.001). The most influencing factor was I+ (beta=.36), followed by I- (beta=-.22), U+ (beta=.20), and experience of personality type test (yes) (beta=.16). CONCLUSION: It is needed to maintain the interpersonal attitude style (I+U+) of care workers. Continuing education program is needed for increasing communication competence especially for those fifties and over, and experienced care workers. Giving an opportunity for personality test is helpful to increase communication competence in care workers.

Effects of Music Therapy on Anxiety, Depression and Fatigue in Cancer Patients Undergoing Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music therapy on anxiety, depression and fatigue in cancer patient undergoing intensity modulated radiotherapy. METHODS: This study was a nonequivalent control pretest-posttest design. The participants were 65 cancer patients (33 experimental and 32 control group) receiving intensity modulated radiotherapy. Music therapy for the experimental group took 20-30 minutes per session for five days while they were receiving radiotherapy. RESULTS: State anxiety, VAS anxiety and depression of the experimental group after treatment were reduced but there was no statistical significance between the experimental group and control group before and after having treatment. There was no statistical significance on the difference of fatigue between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Music therapy is an adjuvant therapy and using other nursing intervention with music therapy could be more effective than using only music therapy to reduce the anxiety, depression and fatigue for cancer patients undergoing intensity modulated radiotherapy.

Job Analysis of Clinical Research Coordinators Using the DACUM Process

PURPOSE: This study was done to analyze the job of clinical research coordinators (CRCs). METHODS: Through the "developing a curriculum (DACUM)" workshop, the definition of CRCs' role was described and CRCs' duties and tasks were identified. Finally, the developed duties and tasks were validated for importance, difficulty, and frequency. RESULTS: A CRC is defined as the one who coordinates and performs tasks related to clinical research/trials among investigators, participants, and sponsors according to the Good Clinical Practice at institutions conducting clinical trials. Twelve duties and 78 tasks were identified on the DACUM chart which represented the importance, difficulty, and frequency of tasks represented as A, B, and C respectively. Based on determinant coefficient (DC) of the task, the highest ranked task was confirming the eligibility of participants for research (DC=8.03) and the lowest was inventory management for clinical study materials (3.95). CONCLUSION: In this study, the job of a CRC was analyzed through the DACUM process and it was found that CRCs were doing various duties and tasks. Based on these results, it is suggested that it is necessary to develop CRC education programs considering the career ladder of CRCs.

Influence of Job Stress and Empowerment on Clinical Nurses' Performance in Small and Medium Hospitals / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of job stress and empowerment on nursing performance of clinical nurses working in small and medium hospital. METHODS: The empirical data were collected from a self-administered survey using a structured questionnaire with 404 nurses working in 4 medium-sized hospitals (less than 300 beds), located in I-city. The data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant differences in nursing performance depending on general characteristics (age, marital status, religion, shift work, education level, position, clinical experience, department, and monthly salary). Empowerment correlated with nursing performance. Factors influencing on nursing performance were empowerment, clinical experience, job stress, and marital status with R2 value of 36.3%. The most influencing factor was empowerment (beta=.47), followed by clinical experience (beta=.24), job stress (beta=.20), and marriage (beta=.12). CONCLUSION: It is needed to implement specific empowerment strategy, control job stress, and reward experienced and married nurses working in medium-sized hospital for improving nursing task performance.

Influencing Factors on Service Quality of Care Helpers Working for the Elderly in Long Term Care / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to verify influencing factors on service quality provided by care helpers working for the elderly in long term care. METHODS: The data were collected using self-reported questionnaire from 221 care helpers working in long-term care facility or home care service center. The data were analyzed using multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant differences in service quality depending on the health status, intimacy level, pleasure level, job education, and turnover intention. Factors influencing service quality were gender, intimacy level with elderly, type of working place and job satisfaction with R2 value of 17.3%. The most influencing factor was intimacy level (beta=.249), followed by job satisfaction (beta=.208), gender (beta=.170), and type of working place (beta=.146). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the effort to improve the service quality of care helper should be focused on helping intimacy building between the elderly and the care helper. Also, a more effective way to improve service quality would be intervening for care helpers providing institutional care.

Influence of Emotional Labor on Job Satisfaction, Intent to Leave, and Nursing Performance of Clinical Nurses / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze emotional labor factors influencing job satisfaction, intent to leave, and nursing performance of clinical nurses. METHOD: The participants were 384 clinical nurses working in a hospital. Study design was cross sectional survey. Subcategories of emotional labor (frequency of emotional labor, attentiveness of emotional display, mismatch of emotions) of emotional labor were dependent variables. Job satisfaction, intent to leave, and nursing performance were independent variables. Data were analyzed by hierarchial multiple regression. RESULTS: The strength of emotional labor of nurses was similar for all participants in spite of differences in age, position, and clinical career. Total score for emotional labor was 3.21, frequency of emotional labor 3.34, attentiveness of emotional display 3.41, and mismatch of emotions 2.87. Mismatch of emotions influenced job satisfaction (F=12.53, p<.001) R2 27%, intent to leave (F=8.51, p<.001) R2 19%, and nursing performance (F=5.80, p<.001) R2 15%, CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the factor (mismatch of emotion) is an important variable for clinical nurses in human resource management. Therefore, nurse managers should consider this factor for the improvement of organizational effectiveness.

Influencing Factors on Service Quality of Care Helpers Working for the Elderly in Long Term Care / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to verify influencing factors on service quality provided by care helpers working for the elderly in long term care. METHODS: The data were collected using self-reported questionnaire from 221 care helpers working in long-term care facility or home care service center. The data were analyzed using multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant differences in service quality depending on the health status, intimacy level, pleasure level, job education, and turnover intention. Factors influencing service quality were gender, intimacy level with elderly, type of working place and job satisfaction with R2 value of 17.3%. The most influencing factor was intimacy level (beta=.249), followed by job satisfaction (beta=.208), gender (beta=.170), and type of working place (beta=.146). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the effort to improve the service quality of care helper should be focused on helping intimacy building between the elderly and the care helper. Also, a more effective way to improve service quality would be intervening for care helpers providing institutional care.

Influence of Internal Marketing Perception, Empowerment, and Job satisfaction on Customer Orientation of Clinical Nurses / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This descriptive study attempted to identify the influence of internal marketing perception, empowerment, and job satisfaction on customer orientation of clinical nurses. METHODS: The subjects were 411 nurses with over one year working experience in a university hospital, located in I-city. The data were collected from April 20 to 30, 2012. using a self-report questionnaire. The data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant differences in customer orientation depending on general characteristics(age, marital status, education, position, clinical experience, and department). Internal marketing perception, empowerment, and job satisfaction correlated with customer orientation. As the results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis for impact factors on nurses' customer orientation show, factors are the outpatient department in working places(beta=.10), education and training in internal marketing perception(beta=.12) and empowerment(beta=.44), which accounted for 31.1% of customer orientation. CONCLUSION: Therefore, nurse managers should identify the needs to perceive nurses as internal customers, and the internal marketing strategy should be performed to empower nurses. Also, it is needed to place nurses with high customer orientation at the outpatient department.

Effects on Knowledge and Performance in Clinical Nursing of Education on Nursing Recording Focusing on Legal Aspects / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects on knowledge and performance in clinical nurses who participated in education on nursing recording focusing on the legal aspects. METHOD: The participants were working in medical departments in one hospital. There were 32 nurses in the experimental group and 25 in the control group. Pre-test was conducted on the two groups before education, and, in order to examine the effects of education, a post-test was conducted after three weeks. For the experimental group, the education on nursing recording focusing on legal aspects was provided as a lecture-led one-to-one training. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups in knowledge (F=15.728, p<.001), and performance (F=42.454, p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that education on nurse recording enhances the knowledge and performance of the nurses. Thus education on nurse recording focusing on legal aspects should be required in the area of nursing science.

Evaluation of the Korean Formal Educational Program for Training Care Workers for Frail Elderly

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the formal education program provided by the Korean government for care workers for frail elderly people. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey in which 438 certified care workers who had completed the education program participated. Data were collected from June to October 2009, using a self-report questionnaire consisting of satisfaction with, and understanding of the education program. RESULTS: The participants had a mean age of 46.7 yr, 87.9% were female and 58.2% were high school graduates. For the theory part of the education, the highest score for understanding was for 'supporting household & activities of daily living' while the lowest score for understanding was for 'care for death and dying'. For the practical education, the highest score for understanding was for 'talking with the client' and the lowest score was for 'first aid & basic life support'. There was a significant difference in satisfaction and understanding of the theoretical and practical parts according to educational level. CONCLUSION: Continuing education programs are needed for care workers for elders, both in the theoretical and practical areas. Also the content of programs should address the weak points of this formal education program.

Analysis of Importance, Difficulty, and Frequency of Nurses' Job in Outpatient Departments / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the importance, difficulty, and frequency of work (duties and tasks) done by nurses' in Outpatient Departments (OPD). METHOD: Data were collected using structured questionnaires, which included 11 duties and 92 tasks making up the OPD nurse's job. Questionnaires were completed by 286 nurses. Each duty and task was analyzed for importance, difficulty, and frequency (range 1-3). RESULTS: The mean score for importance was 2.58+/-0.29, for difficulty, 2.11+/-0.31, and for frequency, 2.18+/-0.31. OPD nurses recognized'patient education and consultation' as important and difficult. However, in practice OPD nurses reported the most frequent task as'support for medical services'. There was a significant difference in importance and difficulty of duties according to OPD nurses' university degree (F=3.693, p= .026; F=4.089, p= .018) and hospital size (F=4.274, p= .006; F=3.154, p= .025). However there were no differences in importance, difficulty, or frequency according to clinical experience in OPD. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that OPD nurses must be able to do important and difficult duties and tasks, especially patient education and consultation. To have time for these uniquely nursing tasks, OPD nurses need to delegate'preparation for medical service', and'management of facility and environment' to nonmedical health-care workers.

Comparison of the Characteristics of Smoking Cessation Success between Short-term and Long-term Success Groups

PURPOSE: The study aimed to compare characteristics associated with smoking and smoking cessation of those who had succeeded in smoking cessation. METHODS: Data were collected from January to June, 2008. The subjects were 9,819 smokers who were registered at the smoking cessation clinic of public health centers in Incheon. Four characteristics (demographic, health promotion, smoking, smoking cessation) were compared between 6-week (short-term) and 6-month (long-term) success groups. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the 6-week and 6-month success groups for smoking cessation in demographic characteristics (gender, age, job, social security), health promotion (BMI, alcohol dependency, BP), smoking (first smoking age, smoking duration, expiration CO concentration, nicotine dependency), and smoking cessation (attempt to quit smoking, reason for smoking cessation, information source for registration). CONCLUSION: The group of short-term smoking cessation success was younger than the other. Also, short-term success group was of lower socioeconomic class than the other. The 6-month success group had a larger number of attempts to quit smoking. Therefore, smoking cessation policy should be focused more on younger people and those in lower socioeconomic status. These groups should be given advice on smoking cessation motives and more frequent counseling for smoking cessation.