Clinical analysis of 22 cases community-acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infection / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the characteristics of community-acquired urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) in children, analyze the risk factors and the susceptibility of antibiotics, thus to provide references to the diagnosis and medication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)-CAUTIs. Mothod Totally 22 cases of PA-CAUTIs were selected in one hospital from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2012, their clinical information, laboratory results and radiological images were collected, and were compared with the CAUTIs cased by E. coli of those randomly selected over the same period.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In those 22 cases with PA-CAUTIs, the mean value of protein level was (32.25 ± 13.81) mg/ml, 19 of them were hospitalized, 6 had urinary operation history, 7 of them had long-term usage of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive agents, and 20 had underlying diseases. A total of 22 children with 26 PA-CAUTIs episodes were compared to E. coli-CAUTIs. Compared with E. coli-CAUTIs patients, children with PA-CAUTIs more often presented with a lower albumin (P = 0.017), a history of urinary operation(P = 0.03), more cases had a history of urinary operation (P = 0.03), a long-term usage of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive medication (P = 0.044). Through multivariate logistic regression of variables that were significant in univariate analysis (with hospitalizations, long-term usage of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive, albumin, underlying disease and urinary operation histories), and it turned out that underlying diseases (odds ratio 8.500, 95% CI 1.513 - 47.761, P = 0.037) and with urinary operation histories (odds ratio 6.196, 95% CI 1.120 - 34.273, P = 0.037) were proved as the independent risk factors for PA-CAUTIs. Those PA bacterial strains had a 36.36% resistance rate to piperacillin, aztreonam and gentamicin, a 31.82% resistance rate to cefepime and ceftazidime, while the resistance rate (4.55%) to carbapenem antibiotics was relatively low, only to bacillosporin all the strains were sensitive.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Underlying diseases and the urinary operation histories are the independent risk factors of the occurrence of PA-CAUTIs, carbapenem antibiotics and bacillosporin can be considered as the drugs of choice for its treatment.</p>

Association analysis of genetic polymorphisms of TCF7L2, CDKAL1, SLC30A8, HHEX genes and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TCF7L2, CDKAL1, SLC30A8, HHEX with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 479 subjects with DR,248 with DN and 650 without DR or DN were recruited to assess the associations between SNPs of TCF7L2 (rs7903146, rs6585205, rs11196218), CDKAL1 (rs10946398,rs4712527), SLC30A8 (rs13266634, rs3802177, rs11558471) and HHEX (rs1111875, rs7923837) and the development of DR and DN.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences in genotypic and allele frequencies of rs11558471 (SLC30A8) between DR and control groups (P< 0.05), the odds ratio (OR) values of A and AA were 1.27 and 1.68. The distributions of genotype and allele frequency for rs11196218 (TCF7L2) were significantly different between DN and control group (P=0.0051,OR=1.37). However, the P value after Bonferroni correction showed no significant difference. No significant differences were found in the distributions of rs13266634 and rs3802177 (SLC30A8), rs10946398 (CDKAL1), rs6585205, rs7903146 and rs11196218 (TCF7L2) and rs7923837 (HHEX) between DR and control groups, and nor significant differences were found in distributions of rs6585205 (TCF7L2), rs4712527 (CDKAL1), rs13266634, rs3802177 and rs11558471 (SLC30A8), and 7923837 (HHEX) between DN and control groups, though for all comparison the OR values were greater than 1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Polymorphisms of SLC30A8 and TCF7L2 genes may be associated with the development of DR and DN, respectively. Association between the polymorphisms of CKDAL1, TCF7L2 and HHEX genes and DR, and between the polymorphisms of SLC30A8, HHEX and CDKAL1 genes and DN, cannot be excluded.</p>

In vivo characterization of streptococcus pneumoniae genes involved in the pathogenesis of meningitis by differential fluorescence induction

To further understand the pathogenesis of pneumococcal meningitis, and provide some target candidates for the development of drugs. This study was performed at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine [Ministry of Education], Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China from March 2006 to December 2007. A promoter-trap library of Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4, reported by green fluorescent protein was constructed, and used to infect BALB/c mice [n=15] intranasally, to set up a meningitis model. The control group [n=5] were inoculated with sterile phosphate buffered saline. The bacteria containing the promoter fusions induced only in meningitis brain tissue, not in vitro were screened by differential fluorescence induction. The obtained bacteria were prepared to re-infect the mice and re-screened, as above. The sorted bacteria were spread on trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood agar plates containing chloramphenicol [2.5 micro g/ml], and were used for DNA cloning, sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. A total of 52 genes were obtained. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these in vivo induced genes were involved in functions such as, adherence, energy metabolism, nutrient substance transport, transcription regulation, DNA metabolism, as well as, cell wall synthesis. In addition, there were some genes encoding for some hypothetical proteins with unknown, or putative functions. Pneumococcal genes involved in meningitis identified in this study are potential targets to understand the pathogenesis of pneumococcal meningitis

Effect of ClpE depletion on the bacterial protein expression profiles of Streptococcus pneumoniae / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of ClpE on the protein expression profiles of Streptococcus pneumoniae.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>clpE-deficient Streptococcus pneumoniae strain was constructed by long flanking homology-polymerase chain reaction (LFH-PCR) and identified by PCR and sequencing. The total bacterial proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and imaging analysis, and the differentially expressed protein spots were excised by dot-gel digestion with trypsin. Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) was obtained by analysis of the fragment length by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The PMF was analyzed using software to identify the proteins.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The number of matched protein spots of the two gels was 61%. By sequence database searching, 4 out of the 17 differential protein spots were identified, namely hypoxanthine-guanine, pyrrolidone-carboxylate peptidase1, formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase, and bifunctional protein pyrR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>clpE gene-deficient Streptococcus pneumoniae expresses fewer kinds of proteins at also lower levels than the wild-type bacteria, suggesting that ClpE allows the bacteria to adapt to different host environments by inducing the expression of special proteins.</p>

Research on the procedure for recovery and species identification of Legionella from surface environmental water / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a set of procedure for recovery and species identification of Legionella from the surface environmental water.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-four water samples were collected in eight parks of Guangzhou city from August to November in 2006. The bacteriologic examination was performed by cultivation on BCYEalpha plate, and 108 presumptive Legionella colonies were picked and their homogeneous relationship was analyzed by using an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method. Species identification was carried out by latex agglutination test, biochemical characterization, analysis of cellular fatty acids composition, 16 S rRNA gene and mip gene sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Legionella was recovered among 27 (61.36%) samples of all eight parks, and 31 different strains were identified from those 108 presumptive Legionella isolates by AFLP method, including 20 strains of L. pneumophila, five strains of L. feeleii, four strains of L. longbeachae, one strain of L. oakridgensis and one strain of L. sainthelensi, and L. pneumophila could be easily differentiated by phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, latex agglutination test or analysis of the cellular fatty acids composition . However, uncertain factors were existing in those phenotypic identification methods as compared to the sequence analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The taxonomic analysis of the Legionellae family should be dependent on the 16 S rRNA gene or mip gene.</p>

Construction, Expression and Evaluation of the System Reporting Streptococcus pneumoniae Virulent Gene by GFP in vivo / 微生物学通报

Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pn) is an opportunity pathogenic bacteria,environmental factors play a key role in the pathogenicity of S.pn. It is important to study virulent gene in vivo. The S.pn suicide plasmid containing gfp reporter was constructed by fusing the genes pneumolysin and gfp,in which gfp is an excellent molecule probe in vivo. The plasmid was integrated to No.22 S.pn by homologous recombination. The recombinant S.pn was gained and evaluated in aspects of fluorescence excitation, biological character and physio-activity. The results showed it is efficient and available to report the expression of virulent genes in vivo and in vitro, which will provide a new easy method for evaluating and screening the virulent genes of S.pn in vivo.