ABSTRACT
In order to evaluate the characteristic of porous starch (PS) as the solid dispersions carrier of the total Epimedium flavonoids (TEF), the PS was used. The dissolution of icariin was selected as an indicator to analyze the differences of dissolution between TEF and its solid dispersion. TEF was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Solid dispersion was irregular block and no powder characteristics of TEF and PS could be seen in SEM, DSC and XRD analysis suggested that TEF may be present in solid dispersion as amorphous substance. The dissolution rate of icariin has been improved significantly when the proportion of TEF and PS was 1:2. PS as a traditional solid dispersion carrier is worthy of further study.
Subject(s)
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Epimedium , Chemistry , Flavonoids , Chemistry , Porosity , Solubility , Starch , Chemistry , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
To evaluate the properties of solidifying volatile oil with graphene oxide, clove oil and zedoary turmeric oil were solidified by graphene oxide. The amount of graphene oxide was optimized with the eugenol yield and curcumol yield as criteria. Curing powder was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of graphene oxide on dissolution in vitro and thermal stability of active components were studied. The optimum solidification ratio of graphene oxide to volatile oil was 1:1. Dissolution rate of active components had rare influence while their thermal stability improved after volatile oil was solidified. Solidifying herbal volatile oil with graphene oxide deserves further study.
Subject(s)
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning , Clove Oil , Chemistry , Curcuma , Chemistry , Eugenol , Graphite , Chemistry , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Oils, Volatile , Chemistry , Oxides , Chemistry , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Powders , SesquiterpenesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the method, the advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic thyroidectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Endoscopic thyroidectomy via areola of breasts approach was performed in 150 patients, including 41 cases of thyroid adenoma, 64 cases of nodular goiter, 40 cases of Graves' disease, and 5 cases of thyroid carcinoma.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The endoscopic thyroidectomy was successfully carried out in 144 cases, including tumor dissection in 32 cases, one lobe partial thyroidectomy in 54 cases, two lobe partial thyroidectomy in 19 cases, subtotal thyroidectomy in 37 cases of Graves' disease, and radical thyroidectomy in 2 cases of thyroid carcinoma. The operative time length ranged from 50 to 270 min (mean 80 min). There were no complications such as damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve or parathyroid glands. Postoperative hospital stay ranged from 3 to 7 days (mean 4 days). The post-operative following-up for 1 approximately 13 months indicated that all the patients were satisfied with the cosmetic results and the same curative effects as conventional surgery were obtained. However, the operations were converted into open surgery in 6 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Endoscopic thyroidectomy is a safe and effective method of thyroid surgery. Since all the minimal incisions are on concealed parts of the body, the obvious cosmetic effect of this method is guaranteed.</p>