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Neurosurgery navigation system, which is expensive and complicated to operate, has a low penetration rate, and is only found in some large medical institutions. In order to meet the needs of other small and medium-sized medical institutions for neurosurgical navigation systems, the scalp localization system of neurosurgery based on augmented reality (AR) theory was developed. AR technology is used to fuse virtual world images with real images. The system integrates computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the patient's head in real life to achieve the scalp positioning. This article focuses on the key points of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, and AR image layer fusion in medical image visualization. This research shows that the system is suitable for a variety of mobile phones, can achieve two-dimensional (2D) image display, 3D rendering and clinical scalp positioning application, which has a certain significance for the auxiliary neurosurgical head surface positioning.
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Humans , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neurosurgery , Methods , Scalp , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is one of the common secondary lesions after severe craniocerebral injury.Shunt surgery is the most important surgical treatment in clinic.There are many kinds of shunt methods,but there is no uniform standard for method selection.Lumboperitoneal shunt (LP),as an important alternative operation,has gradually become one of the mainstream shunt operations.This article reviews the new operative indications of LP,the advantages of LP over traditional ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP),the latest preoperative evaluation system and preoperative evaluation score of Huaxi LP,the technical points of LP operation,follow-up key points,common postoperative complications and management,so as to provide reference for exploring better technical routes and operative concepts of LP.
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Objective To investigate the effect of intracranial pressure fluctuation on the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted on the clinical data of 30 patients with TBI hospitalized between June 2012 and June 2014.There were 21 males and 9 females,aged (43.0 ± 19.8) years.After the intracranial pressure probe was implanted,the intracranial pressure of TBI patients was monitored continuously and the data were recorded per minute.A single cosine method was used in analyzing the circadian rhythm of intracranial pressure data.Furthermore,the ratio of the amplitude of the circadian parameter (A) to the median (M) value (A/M) was selected to evaluate the biologic rhythm of patients.The correlations of circadian rhythm parameter A/M with Glasgow Outcome Scale (GCS) and with extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS-E) were analyzed using linear regression.Results The circadian rhythm was observed in all patients regardless of injury severity (P ＜ 0.01).The circadian rhythm parameter A/M of intracranial pressure was positively correlated with the GCS of patients at discharge (R2 =0.346,F =14.797,P ＜0.01) and with the GOS-E (R2 =0.356,F =15.502,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The intracranial pressure fluctuation of TBI patients follows circadian rhythm,which might be correlated with the prognosis of TBI patients.
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Objective To investigate the expression of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF)in skin lesions and sera of patients with pustular psoriasis and psoriasis vulgaris.Methods Tissue specimens were obtained from the lesions of 15 patients with pustular psoriasis,15 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 15 normal human controls.Immunohistochemistry and dual antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were carried out to detect the levels of GM-CSF in the tissue and serum specimens from the patients and normal human controls,respectively.Results Significantly higher levels of GM-CSF were observed in the tissue and serum specimens from patients with pustular psoriasis and psoriasis vulgaris compared with the normal controls(all P ＜ 0.01),as well as in those from the patients with pustular psoriasis compared with the patients with psoriasis vulgaris(both P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion GM-CSF may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Objective To investigate the changes of IL-8 in peripheral blood of patients with pustular psoriasis after acitretin treatment.Methods Dual antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was performed to measure the IL-8 levels in the peripheral blood of 30 patients with pustular psoriasis and 30 patients with psoriasis vulgaris before and after treatment,and in 30 normal human controls.The relationship between the IL-8 level and disease severity was assessed for patients with pustular psoriasis.Results After acitretin treatment,the condition was improved greatly in patients with pustular psoriasis,together with a significant decrease in the level of IL-8 in the peripheral blood(57.07 ± 12.02 pg/ml vs.96.84 ± 14.68 pg/ml,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion IL-8 may be involved in the therapeutic mechanism of acitretin in pustular psoriasis.
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To investigate the value of the guidance of three dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) for the placement of pedicle screws, the 3-D anatomical data of the thoracic pedicles were measured by MSCT in two embalmed human cadaveric thoracic pedicles spines (T1-T10) to guide the insertion of pedicle screws. After pulling the screws out, the pathways were filled with contrast media. The PW, PH, TSA and SSA of developed pathways were measured on the CT images and they were also measured on the real objects by caliper and goniometer. Analysis of variance demonstrated that the difference between the CT scans and real objects had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). Moreover, the difference between pedicle axis and developed pathway also had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). The data obtained from 3-D reconstruction of MSCT demonstrated that individualized standards, are not only accurate but also helpful for the successful placement ofpedicle screws.
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To investigate the value of the guidance of three dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) for the placement of pedicle screws, the 3-D anatomical data of the thoracic pedicles were measured by MSCT in two embalmed human cadaveric thoracic pedicles spines (T1-T10) to guide the insertion of pedicle screws. After pulling the screws out, the pathways were filled with contrast media. The PW, PH, TSA and SSA of developed pathways were measured on the CT images and they were also measured on the real objects by caliper and goniometer. Analysis of variance demonstrated that the difference between the CT scans and real objects had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Moreover, the difference between pedicle axis and developed pathway also had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). The data obtained from 3-D reconstruction of MSCT demonstrated that individualized standards, are not only accurate but also helpful for the successful placement of pedicle screws.
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In order to explore the MRI volume of the amygdala and hippocampus in patients with major depression, quantitative MRI of the amygdala and hippocampus were studied in 22 patients with major depression and compared with 13 age-matched controls. The results showed that both groups exhibited similar significant hippocampal asymmetry (left smaller than right). The volume of the bilateral hippocampus was significantly smaller in the major depression group than that in control group. The patients had significant asymmetry of the amygdalar volumes (right smaller than left). No correlation was found between hippocampal volume abnormalities and ill duration. It was concluded that the hippocampus and amygdala within limbic-cortical networks may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of major depression.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Amygdala , Pathology , Anthropometry , Depressive Disorder, Major , Pathology , Hippocampus , Pathology , Magnetic Resonance ImagingABSTRACT
In order to explore the MRI volume of the amygdala and hippocampus in patients with major depression, quantitative MRI of the amygdala and hippocampus were studied in 22 patients with major depression and compared with 13 age-matched controls. The results showed that both groups exhibited similar significant hippocampal asymmetry (left smaller than right). The volume of the bilateral hippocampus was significantly smaller in the major depression group than that in control group. The patients had significant asymmetry of the amygdalar volumes (right smaller than left). No correlation was found between hippocampal volume abnormalities and ill duration. It was concluded that the hippocampus and amygdala within limbic-cortical networks may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of major depression.
Subject(s)
Amygdala/pathology , Anthropometry , Depressive Disorder, Major/pathology , Hippocampus/pathology , Magnetic Resonance ImagingABSTRACT
To explore the application of Problem-Based Learning( PBL) method in the clinical teaching of dermatology,we discuss the specificity in teaching and problems in application of dermatology and venereology from the relations between dermatology and venereology and other subjects,between summary and each chapters,and the relationships between each diseases.
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Objective To discuss CT examination in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal perforation (GP). Methods All CT data of 13 adult patients with GP were reviewed retrospectively. Results In all 13 cases,gastric perforation occurred in 5 cases,duodenal perforation in 7,and traumatic duodenal avulsion in 1.CT findings of GP included gas accumulation under the recess of xiphoid,gas accumulation in the area of lesser omentum,gas accumulation under the recess of peritoneal cavity,and seroperitoneum. Conclusion As a non-invasive examination means for abdomen,CT examination can discover whether there is dissociative gas or not and estimate the amount of gas in abdomen more rapidly and exactly.CT can also estimate the position of perforation elementarily.The recess under xiphoid is the first place where the dissociative gas assembles after gastrointestinal perforation.
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Objective To study the relationship between MRI and histopathological findings of cerebral schistosomiasis,and the value of MRI on this disease. Methods 18 patients with cerebral schistosomiasis proved by pathological examination and laboratory test were enrolled in the study. Plain and Gd DTPA enhanced MRI were performed in all patients with GE 1.5 T MRI scanner. Results The lesions were located in infratentorial region in 7 cases and in supratentorial region in 11. There were three types of pathological pattern in the disease including focal encephalitis and meningiomas (5), granuloma (12), and encephalatrophy (1). Most of the lesions were iso or hypointensity on T 1WI, hyperintensity on T 2WI, with nodules, spot or ring like enhancement, and periphery edema. Conclusion MRI manifestations of cerebral schistosomiasis have specific features,which is a very important tool in early diagnosis and follows up for this disease.