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An abnormal refractive system of the eyeball and the image focusing in front of the retina lead to the blurred vision,which is myopia.Myopia has emerged as one of the human diseases with high prevalence rate.Statistics show that one third of the world population is myopic and myopia has become a major health problem worldwide.Worsen is the domestic situation.Of the whole nation population,1.37 billion,nearly 700 million people suffer from myopia.The economic burden of myopia caused by diagnosis,refractive correction,surgery,regular review,downtime and complication treatment refers to cost of medical services,cost of rehabilitation,and loss of social and economic participation.When it comes to the economic burden of myopia,there are still a few studies abroad,but there are few reports in China.China is a country which has a huge myopic population.To carry out a systematic investigation of myopic disease burden to prevent and control myopia is of great significance.This article reviewed evaluation progress of socioeconomic burden of diagnosis and treatment of myopia from four aspects:the concept of the economic burden of myopia,the economic burden of myopia in different countries of the word,the social problems caused by myopia,and how to reduce the burden of myopia.
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In this article, HPLC fingerprint analysis method for total flavonoids from pollen of Brassica campestris L.was established., The HPLC fingerprint was performed on Waters C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), eluted gradiently with the mixture of acetonitrile and 0.4% phosphoric acid aqueous solution at a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min-1. The column temperature was 40℃. The detection wavelength was 320 nm. The HPLC standard fingerprint of total flavonoids from pollen of Brassica campestrisL. was established, and 16 common peaks were calibrated. The method was simple, stable, and reproducible. It could be applied for quality control of total flavonoids from pollen of Brassica campestris L.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the denervation change of Tensor Veli Palati in patients with OSAHS by determine the mRNA and protein expression of NCAM.@*METHOD@#The OSAHS group was consisted of 30 OSAHS patients and the normal control group was consisted of 10 chronic tonsillitis patients without OSAHS. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot methods were used to determine the NCAM expression in specimens.@*RESULT@#(1) The mRNA and protein expression level of NCAM in the OSAHS group increased significantly compared with that in control group (P < 0.05). (2) There was positive correlation between AHI and the protein expression level of NCAM in the OSAHS group (r = 0.803, P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#These results indicate that the denervation change of tensor veli palati appear in OSAHS patients, and the severity of OSAHS are relevant with the degree of denervation.
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Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Case-Control Studies , Denervation , Palatal Muscles , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To extract alkaloids from Corydalis decumbens (AsCD) by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction (SFE) and to evaluate protective effects of AsCD against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in rat PC12 cells.Methods AsCD were extracted by SFE and oxidative damage PC12 cells model was induced by H2O2.The survival rate of the cells was determined by MTT assay; Lactate dehydrogenase release was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry; Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis; Caspase-3 mRNA and protein were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting assay,respectively.Results AsCD remarkably reduced the cytotoxicity,prevented membrane damage,and inhibited cell apoptosis.AsCD inhibited Caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression induced by H2O2 in PC12 cells.Conclusion AsCD possess protective effects against H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells,and the mechanism of AsCD responsible to the inhibition of apoptosis is possibly attributed to thedown-regulating Caspase-3 expression.AsCD might be useful in the treatment of oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Objective To investigate the specific activity of 24Na per unit neutron fluence,AB/Φ,in blood produced for Chinese reference man irratiaded by 252Cf neutron source,and to analyze the effects of scattering neutrons from ground,wall,and ceiling in irradiation site on it.MethodsA 252Cf neutron source of 3 × 108 n/s and the anthropomorphic phantom were used for experiments.The phantom was made from 4 mm thick of outer covering by perspex and the liquid tissue-equivalent substitute in it.The data of phantom dimensions fit into Chinese reference man.The weight ratios of H,N,O and C in substitute equal from source to long axis of phantom were 1.1,2.1,3.1 and 4.1 m,respectively.Both the neutron source and the position of xiphisternum of the phantom were 1.6 m above the floor.ResultsThe average specific activity of 24Na per unit neutron fluence was related to the irradiation-distances,d,and its The AB/ΦM corresponds to that of phantom irradiated by plane-parallel beams,and the value is about more 3% than that by BOMAB phantom reported in literature.It has shown that floor-( wall-)scattered neutrons in irradiation site have significant contribution to the specific activity of 24Na ,but they contributed relatively little to the induced neutron doses.Consequently,using the specific activity of 24 Na for assessing accidental neutron doses received by an individual,the contribution of scattered neutrons in accident site will lead dose to be overestimated,and need to be correct.
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Objective To clarify the influence on component and pharmacological action of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) as complementary therapeutic agents prepared by different extraction and purification techniques. Methods Components of APS prepared by different extraction and purification techniques were analyzed, and these APS were used for synergy and attenuation of chemotherapy, radiotherapy treatment with H22 liver cancer and Lewis lung cancer of tumor-bearing mice, and also used for the regulation of immune function to immunosuppression mice. Results Experimental data were analyzed by means of statistical method to get pharmaco-result: A3 (extracted by microwave assistance and purified by membrane separation) > A4 (extracted by refluxing and purified by membrane separation) > A1 (extracted by refluxing and no purification)≈ A2 (extracted by microwave assistance and no purification). There were no significant differences on pharmacodynamic action between A1 and A2. However, compared with A1 and A2,it was worth noting that A3 and A4 exhibited good pharmacodynamic action. Then A3-in and A4-in, the samples in dialyzer after dialysis, were separated and purified to get homogeneous APS, which were the principal constituents of APS in dialyzer, with the molecular weight (Mw) of 7669 and 14 142 determined by HPGPC, respectively. The average Mw of APS outside of the dialyzer, A3-out was 3102 and A4-out 3256, which were the main compositions of A3 and A4, accounted for 79.63% and 53.92%, respectively. Conclusion APS with Mw about 5000 Da exhibit better antitumor effect and immunological activity. Refluxing, microwave assistance extractions, and membrane enrichment techniques bring different cases on Mw distribution, components and pharmacodynamic action, and obviously exhibit relationship among component, Mw distribution, and pharmacological action.
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Taking the national key scientific and technological project in 11th Five-year and 10th Five-year Plan as its main clue,the innovative Chinese materia medica(CMM)research course has been reviewed in this paper.Based on the enlightenment from the first herbal medicine VeregenTM,which has been approved by FDA,together with the study and comprehension of many great achievements of new drug research,the strategy of innovative CMM research and development(R&D)and its practical route is going to be put forward in this article.With the innovative Compound Prescription of CMM research as the main innovative approach,innovation can be realized by the following three aspects:New substances,including new compound,new effective fraction/group or new components and their combinations;new indication of known compounds or extracts;the secondary development of high-quality Chinese patent medicine.Besides,in order to support the R & D of original drugs with Chinese characteristics,the international experiences in target-dependent screening and evaluation and optimization of leading compounds based on clinical application should be referenced,and the mechanism and targets of traditional Chinese medicine by genetic and molecular level be clarified.
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Objective To study the antitumor fraction from liquid submerged fermentation of Ganoderma sinense. Methods The antitumor active fractions were extracted from the hyphostroma which was produced by liquid submerged fermentation and their antitumor activities were observed by mice transplant tumor model. The total polysaccharides were tested by phenol-sulphuric acid method and the contents of reducing sugars were measured by DNS method. The cytotoxic activities were tested by MTT method in vitro. Results The optimum fraction was the intracellular soluble precipitation (sample B) by water extracting with alcohol sedimentation. The contents of total polysaccharide and reducing sugar in the optimum active fraction from liquid submerged fermentation of G. sinense were 88.4% and 3.15%, respectively, but no protein. The inhibitory ratios were 63.94% and 58.32% on the growth of H22 and Lewis tumor transplanted in mice by ig administration in the concentration of 40.5 mg/kg, respectively. The IC50 on four tumor cells of A549, LoVo, CEM, and QGY-7703 were 160, 29.28, 45.06, and 37.38 ?g/mL, respectively, which suggested that the active fraction had weak cytotoxic on LoVo, CEM, and QGY-7703. Conclusion The active fraction from liquid submerged fermentation of G. sinense is polysaccharide which has better inhibitory rate on the growth of H22 and Lewis tumor transplanted in mice but their cytotoxicities are weak.
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Object To examine the quality of leaves from the improved Ginkgo biloba L seedling sprout Methods Total flavonoids in the leaves were determined by HPLC Results Flavonoids in the leaves of seedling sprout were apparently higher in June than in August and November, and were much higher than grafting seedling sprout which was also higher in June than in August 2 year old tree contained 2 5 to 3 8 times more flavonoids than 50 year old tree The content of female trees were higher than that of male Conclusion The content of active flavonoids were related to the season, age, breeding, environment and geographic conditions, etc
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Objective To evaluate the protective effects of Sipunculus nudus preparation(SNP) on mice irradiated by 60Co.Methods The mice were divided into control group,model group and 0.5,1.0,and 2.0g?kg-1?d-1 SNP groups.SNP was administrated by intra-gastric infusion with the volume of 0.4mL per 20g.In the fifteenth day,the model group and the treated groups were irradiated by ?-ray of 60Co(0.83Gy/h) with the dose of 5 Gy.Peripheral blood WBC,RBC,PLT,the spleen(SI) and thymus index(TI),the BMNC,SOD and MDA in serum,testicle index,germ cells were detected.Results Comparing with the model group,TI,SI and peripheral blood WBC,RBC and BMNCs were higher.The activities of SOD in serum were increased,while MDA decreased.Testicle index and germ cells were increased,and germ abnomality rate was decreased in SNP groups.Conclusion SNP has protective effects on mice irradiatied by 60Co.
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Object To stuay the quality of seedling leaves cultured from improved variety of Ginkgo biloba L.. Methods The content of terpene lactones in seedling leaves of G. biloba were determined by RP-HPLC-ELSD.Results The content of total terpene lactone producted in Jun. was more than that in Aug., and it was obviously lower in Nov.. The content of terpene lactone in grafting was more than that in seedling. The content of terpene lactone in male trees was more than that in female trees.Conclusion The content of the active components was related to the season of growth, age of tree, raising modes, environment of growth, geographic conditions and others. The evaluation of the content of the main active components BB and GB showed that the quality of seedling leaves cultured from improved variety of G. biloba in Jinagxi is better than that reported by literature.
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AIM:To establish the quality standard of the composition of Yuquan Micropill(Radix Rehmanniae,Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis,Radix Puerariae lobatae,etc.). METHODS: The composition of Yuquan Micropill were identified by TLC and the content was determined by HPLC.Puerarin could be separated through Diamonsil~(TM) C_(18) column(5 ?m,250 mm?4.6 mm) with methanol-water(1.2∶3 by volume) as a mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the detection wavelength was set at 250 nm and the column temperature was maintained at 40 ℃.?-Schizandrin could be separated through Kromasil KR100-3.5 C_(18) column(100 mm?4.6 mm) with methanol-water(3.5∶1 by volume) as a mobile phase.The flow rate was 0.6 mL/min and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. RESULTS: The spots in the TLC were clear and could be well separated,the blank and adjuvant contrast could not be interfered.HPLC showed a good peak form,good resolution and could not be interfered by the foreign matter.The average recovery of puerarin was 99.24%,RSD=0.84%,RSD of precision was 0.95%,RSD of reproducibility was 0.86%,RSD of stability was 0.44%.The average recovery of ?-schizandrin was 99.74%,RSD=0.78%,RSD of precision was 1.89%,RSD of reproducibility was 1.76%,RSD of stability was 1.82%. CONCLUSION: The method is simple and has good resolution,strong specificity and good reproducibility,It can be used for the quality control of the composition of Yuquan Micropill.
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Objective:To establish a method for analysis of residual organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate) in Ginkgo biloba Leaves for injection.Methods: The contents of residual solvents in Ginkgo biloba Leaves for injection were determined by headspace GC on HP 5 column, with FID detector, high purity nitrogen as the carries gas.Results: There was a good linearity ( r :0.9909～0.9999). The RSD of precision and accuracy was less than 5%, the average recovery rate was in the range of 93.06%～113.78%.Conclusions: The method was simple, quick and accurate and can be used for quality control of Chinese patent medicine.