ABSTRACT
In this study, we investigated the mechanism of crude extract of Psammosilene tunicoides(CEPT) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) based on the Nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome. The collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) mouse model was established. On day 32 after the primary immunization, according to the arthritis score, the mice were randomly divided into model group, positive control(methotrexate) group, low-and high-dose CEPT groups, and normal group, with 10 mice in each group. According to the administration dose of each group, the mice were continuously administered for 21 days. Every four days during the administration, the paw edema degree, arthritis score, and spleen index of the mice were measured; histopathological examination was performed for the ankles of the mice; the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 in the serum were determined; the protein expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC), as well as the mRNA expression levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in the ankle joints of the mice were detected. The results showed that compared with those in the model group, the mice in the positive control group and CEPT groups had significantly decreased the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 in the serum and spleen index(P<0.01), significantly lowered arthritis score and degree of paw edema(P<0.01), alleviated arthritic infiltration of the knee, and down-regulated protein and mRNA levels of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 in the ankle joint(P<0.01). These results suggest that P. tunicoides may reduce the paw edema and arthritis score and alleviate the inflammatory response in CIA mice by inhibiting the expression of NLRP3. This study provides a basis for the study of immune regulation of P. tunicoides in RA.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Arthritis, Experimental/genetics , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics , Caspase 1/genetics , Inflammasomes/genetics , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/geneticsABSTRACT
Response surface methodology was used to optimize and obtain the optimal flash-type extraction technology of alisol B 23-acetate from Alismatis Rhizoma. With the extraction rate of alisol B 23-acetate as an indicator, single-factor test was used to investigate the effect of ethanol volume fraction, liquid-solid ratio, extraction times and extracting time on the extraction rate of alisol B 23-acetate.The results were combined with Box-Benhnken design and response surface analysis to optimize the technology parameters for extraction process of Alismatis Rhizoma and obtain the optimal flash-type extraction technology under the following conditions： ethanol volume fraction 80%, liquid-solid ratio 12∶1, extraction 4 times, 114 s/time. Flash-type extraction technology of alisol B 23-acetate by response surface methodology is stable, time-saving, efficient, and with the advantages of room temperature extraction and no component damage, so it can be used for massive production.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Through studying the rationalization of alcohol precipitation process of Liuwei Dihuang Prescription to obtain the stability alcohol precipitation process which could be used to promote industrialization. Methods: It screens the most reasonable alcohol precipitation process taking the contents, the relative molecular weight distribution, and the extract of loganin, peoniflorin, morroniside, manninotriose, and polysaccharide as the evaluation index to investigate the way of adding ethanol, centrifugation,, and whether to carry out the ethanol washing process. Results: The alcohol precipitation process is reasonable by calculating the alcohol volume method. The polysaccharides and alcohol precipitation supernatant could be efficiently separated by ethanol washing method. The polysaccharide extract and the contents of glycosides and manninotriose were up to the standard after the process improved. Conclusion: The optimized alcohol precipitation process is easy operation with good controllability and repeatability. It is worthy of popularization and application of industrialization.
ABSTRACT
The theoretical basis of the alcohol precipitation process control was provided, the alcohol precipitation was optimized and the relationship equation was got. The monod glycoside, loganin and paeoniflorin were used as the evaluation indexes to determine the impact factors of alcohol precipitation techniques of Liuwei Dihuang decoction by the Plackett-Burman experimental design and the levels of non-significant factors were identified. Then, Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used to research and discuss the critical process parameters influence the effect of alcohol precipitation and draw interaction between key process parameters and the correlation equation with index components. Through the establishment and solving the quadratic regression model of composite score, the optimum preparation conditions of alcohol precipitation techniques of liuwei were as follows: stirring speed was 580 r x min(-1), standing time was 17 hours, alcohol concentration was 34%, the density of Liuwei Dihuang decoction was 1.13. The response surface methodology for optimized alcohol precipitation techniques of Liuwei Dihuang decoction is. reasonable and feasible.
Subject(s)
Chemical Precipitation , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Ethanol , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of different pH on rectum permeability of chlorogenic acid and geniposide.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Four kinds of Reduning suppositories of different pH were separated and put into the rectum to study the suppositories in vitro and the content of chlorogenic acid and geniposide samples was determined by HPLC to calculate the permeation in 24 hours.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>With increase of pH within 2.5-7.4, the steady state flux of chlorogenic acid was increased, but the steady state flux of geniposidesamples was steady.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Adjusted the pH can increase the rectum permeability of active ingredients in Reduning auppositories.</p>