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Objective Analyzing the impact of teachers' background characteristics on the Students' evaluation to improve the quality of teaching from the angle of the teachers professional development. Methods Based on the data of students' evaluation of teaching of Shanghai medical college of Fudan University from 2008 to 2011, the article analyzed the teachers' gender, age, job title, diploma, and other relevant background characteristics. Excell2007 was used to build dataset and the data was analyzed statistically by software of SPSS 11.0 and expressed with x±s. The statis-tical method of one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the teachers with different genders, education backgrounds, ages and professional titles, showing statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Results comparative analysis showed that no statistically significant differences existed in fac-ulty teaching evaluation scores among the teachers of different genders or different education back-grounds(P=0.613 9、0.891 0). There were however significant differences in teaching evaluation of teachers of diverse ages and professional ranks(P=0.017 3 and P=0.032 5). Conclusions According to the analysis results of faculty teaching evaluations, associate professors' teaching evaluation scores were lower than intermediate grade teachers', and the score of the teachers between the age of 41 to 45 was lower than that of the teachers between the age of 36 to 40. Therefore individual variations and various social backgrounds of teaching faculties should be taken into consideration and the corre-sponding countermeasures for the professional development of teachers should been put forward. In addition, the cultivation of new teachers, young and middle-aged teachers should be strengthened, and the proportion of teaching evaluation in the Performance Appraisal should be increased.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of using standardized patients (SP) in psychiatry class teaching.Methods A standardized patient was used when giving instructions on seven years clinic medicine students of Fudan university,the effect of this teaching model was assessed.Results Totally 96.19％ of students believed that standardized patients teaching model was better than the traditional model.Students in classes of using standardized patients scored higher than students in classes without using standardized patients.Conclusion The standardized patients teaching mode,recognized by almost all students,is believed to help students to better master the knowledge of psychiatry.
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The famous Abraham Flexner's 1910 report to the Carnegie Foundation launched the modern medical educmion.The report'S focus on the medical education standards and the curricula frameworks was laudable and appropriate.At the centennial of this report.we were still able to get a lot of inspiration and the direction of development and reforms of medical education by reviewing Flexner'd Report.
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AIM: To investigate the effect of soybean isoflavones (SI) on ventricular remodeling induced by myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in male Sprague-Dawley (SD)rats. Rats were randomly divided into six groups: shamThree hours after the operation, the drugs or solvent were administrated ig qd for 35 d. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, heart rate (HR), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), peak systolic left ventricular pressure (Peak), maximal rate of left ventricular pressure rising (+dp/dtmax), maximal rate of left ventricular pressure declining (-dp/dtmax) and myocardial maximal shortening velocity (Vmax) were measured. After above hemodynamic parameters were measured, hearts were extracted. The ratio of total ventricle weight to body weight(TVW/BW) was calculated. Myocardial collagen was shown with the collagen-specific picrosirius red stain,myocardial interstitial collagen volume fraction(ICVF), perivascular collagen volume fraction(PCVF), infarct size,septal thickness (ST) and left ventricular diameter (LVD) were measured by image analysis system. RESULTS:(31 ± 5) %, respectively, all of which were significantly smaller than that in MI group (( 38.9 ± 2.9) %, P ＜ 0.01 ).In MI group, TVW/BW, LVD, ICVF and PCVF were remarkably increased compared with those in sham group (P ＜ 0.01 ). The increased TVW/BW, LVD, ICVF and PCVF were significantly reduced by treatment with eaprats in MI group was significantly decreased than that in sham group (P ＜ 0.01 ). The reduced ST could be in-dp/dtmax and Vmax were decreased (P ＜ 0.01 ), while LVEDP was increased (P ＜ 0.01 ), significantly. The reSION: SI can improve cardiac function and ventricular remodeling induced by myocardial infarction in the rat.
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The article sums up the thinking and methods of the top-quality courses of Pediatrics constructed by the pediatric bed-sided teaching(PBL courses) and clinical training.The aim of the courses is to combine gradually lecture,question,discussion and practice,encourage active discussion,emphasize clinical ability and establish a new teaching method of pediatrics.
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Neurosteroids exist in central and peripheral nervous system, independence of peripheral glands, including pregnenolone, progesterone, allopregnanolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone, etc. They can be synthesized in the nervous system from sterol or sterol precursors catalyzed by certain enzymes. They play roles by interacting with GABAA, NMDA or?receptors, and have effects on memory, sleep, convulsion, cellular excitability, etc.
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Facing a transformation of society and new problems of health care system in the twenty-first century,traditional medical modals have many challenges.The new modes of modern medicine have been formed.The medical education reform must adapt new medical modes to cultivate high quality medical talents.And at the same time the course of pediatrics should be constantly innovated to construct the first class teaching staff,first-rank teaching contents,teaching methods,teaching material and teaching administration.
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Directing at the cultivating aims of the students in major of basic medical science,the article expounds some instruction innovations in teaching pharmacology.We introduce some social practical problems and some research fields which evolve rapidly to the teaching class by compiling the teaching materials,conducting lectures and giving discussion lessons.In addition,we incorporate the cultivation of students' capability of doing scientific research to the teaching work through guiding them how to read references,directing them to finish independently the project of experiment designed by themselves and operating group activities instructed by their supervisors in the department of pharmacology.
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Underlying both the angles of norm-referenced test and criterion-referenced test, the qualitative or(and)quantitative analysis and evaluation were made on the tests of 10 medical academic courses in recent 4 years in reliabil-ity and item quality. From the angle of norm-referenced test, 67.4 percent of the items had good quality, 60 percent ofthe tests could differentiate the classes and 12.5 percent of the papers could differentiate the individual person accord-ing to their reliability. However, from the angle of criterion-referenced test, approximately 90 percent of the items werequalified; 87.5% had high reliability to determine whether an examinee passes the test or not.[
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AIM: To study the effect of genistein on c-myc mRNA expression induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in human vascular endothelial cells (ECV304). METHODS: LDL were isolated from healthy human plasma by gradient ultracentrifugation and oxidized by CuSO4. ECV304 cells were exposed to ox-LDL 200 mg*L-1 in the presence or absence of genistein 100 μmol*L-1 for 1, 2, and 4 h in vitro. Northern blot was employed to measure c-myc mRNA levels of ECV304. RESULTS: In response to ox-LDL 200 mg*L-1, c-myc mRNA expression in ECV304 increased by 3 fold for 1h and 3.3 fold for 2 h and decreased below the control level at 4 h. Expressions of c-myc stimulated by ox-LDL in the presence of genistein 100 μmol*L-1 for 1 h and 2 h were separately 80 percent and 60 percent of that in the absence of genistein 100 μmol*L-1. CONCLUSION: Genistein can effectively inhibit c-myc mRNA expression in ECV304 induced by ox-LDL.
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AIM: To analyse quantitatively the interactions among ethanol, chloral hydrate and naloxone with isobologram, Q-test and multiple logistic regression methods. METHODS: The hypnotic effects of the three drugs on Kunming mice were observed. In two drugs interaction study, chloral hydrate and ethanol were given at different ratios (25∶75, 50∶50, 78∶22 and 80∶20). In three drugs interactions study, 15 min after treatment of naloxone at fixed dose (0.5 mg*kg-1 and 0.2 mg*kg-1) the mixture of chloral hydrate and ethanol (at 1∶1 and 1∶3 ratio) was given to induce sleep. The ED50 for hypnotic action (righting reflex loss) of chloral hydrate, ethanol, naloxone and their mixtures were calculated by use of isobologram, interaction Q-index test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The mixtures of ethanol and chloral hydrate in all ratios revealed partial but significant synergism. But in addition with naloxone the three agents showed different natures of interactions according to different naloxone levels. CONCLUSION: There are synergistic interactions in hypnotic ED50s between ethanol and chloral hydrate at different ratios and antagonistic interaction in adding a fixed dose of naloxone. The results coincide with the pharmacologistic mechanism discussed in this paper.
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Pediatrics is a medical discipline,studying children health,growth and development,health care and disease prevention.To ignite medical students' interest in pediatrics,cultivate their creativity and ability in clinical practice,since February 2004,Pediatric Department in Children's Hospital of Fudan University has implemented the teaching pattern that combines traditional teaching practice with problem based learning(PBL) in students of seven-year medical training program,which has received positive feedback and wide approval from the students.
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At present the concept of clinical thinking is reviewed at the narrow senses and there are many limitations.So it is very necessary to understand the concept of clinical thinking at the broad senses.
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Objective To examine the protective effects of allopregnanolone against pentylenetetrazol- induced seizures. Methods The protective effects of allopregnanolone against pentylenetetrazol- induced seizures were studied in C57 mice and SD rats 15 minutes after vehicle or drug intraperitoneal (ip) administration. Results The pretreatment with the allopregnanolone produced a dose- dependent protective effect against pentylenetetrazol- induced seizures. The potencies (ED50 values) were 4.7 mg/kg and 9.8 mg/kg for mice and rats, respectively. Conclusion Allopregnanolone has anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazol- induced seizures in rodents.
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Estrogen has the protective effect on cerebral ischemia in v ar ious ways. It not only can improve the regional cerebral blood flow during ische mia and rescue the remaining neurons alive, but also can reduce the injury of is chemia-reperfusion. In this article, we enumerate at the molecular level that e strogen has the properties of inhibiting the expression of VCAM and cytokines li ke TNF-? in the ischemia region, educing the overload of calcium and cytotoxic ity of EAA by modulating the calcium channels, and regulating related genes expr ession and anti-apoptosis. It is crucial for estrogen replacement therapy as a neutoprotectant clinically.
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To compare the anxiolytic effects of reduced metabolite of progesterone and benzodiazepine.Methods The effects of allopregnanolone and diazepam on spontaneous locomotor activity and on exploration in the elevated plus-maze were studied in C57 mice 20 min after vehicle or drug intraperitoneal administration.Results Allopregnanolone (0.1 mg.kg-1,ip) elicited marked anxiolytic effects in terms of significantly reducing the latency to enter the open arm from (31.30±8.39)s to (8.80±6.00)s,(P<0.001),and significantly increasing both the number of open arm entries from 1.20 ± 0.42 to 4.80 ±1.75,(P<0.001) and the proportion of total time spent on the open arm from 7.13％ to 32.50％,(P<0.001).Meanwhile,the diazepam (0.25 mg·kg-1) produced a lower anxiolytic effect comparing to that of the allopregnanolone.Analysis of spontaneous locomotor activity showed while 0.5 mg·kg-1 of diazepam decreased the locomotor activity (P<0.01),neither 0.1 mg·kg-1 of allopregnanolone nor 0.25 mg·kg-1 of diazepam affect the locomotor activity score.Conclusion Together,these results provide evidence for differential behavioral actions of the neurosteroids and benzodiazepines.Since the allopregnanolone produce a selective anxiolytic effect without affecting the spontaneous locomotor activity,the allopregnanolone may be a better alternative for diazepam in treating anxiety.