ABSTRACT
Microglia are the main innate immune cells in the central nervous system, which play a variety of roles in the development of the central nervous system and the occurrence of diseases. Recent studies have found that microglia play an important role in the occurrence and development of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), which can lead to cognitive decline by activating neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and destroying the blood-brain barrier. This article reviews the role of microglia in the pathophysiology of VCI, aiming to provide a new basis for targeting microglia to treat VCI.
ABSTRACT
Neurogenesis is a dynamic process of neural precursor cel self-proliferation and differentiation into new neurons. Studies have confirmed that hippocampal neurogenesis may improve cognitive function, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important regulatory role in neurogenesis. This article reviews the mechanism of VEGF promoting neurogenesis and the role of neurogenesis in improving vascular cognitive impalrment.
ABSTRACT
In eukaryotic cells,endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a locus where the proteins are modified,folded and the calcium is stored.When the harmful factors,such as ischemia/hypoxia,lack of nutrients,viral infections,and toxins cause the homeostasis damage in the endoplasmic reticulum,the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins and the calcium imbalance may result in endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS).ERS induces the expression of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones and endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation components,and reduces the load of the endoplasmic retlculum by temporarily reducing protein synthesis.Studies have shown that many diseases that can induce cognitive impairment are all associated with ERS.