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Neonatal persistent pulmonary hypertension refers to the continuous increase of pulmonary artery pressure, right heart pressure, right-to-left shunt at foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus level, severe hypoxemia and even respiratory failure after birth.At present, the drug treatments of neonatal persistent pulmonary hypertension include inhaling nitric oxide, sildenafil, milrinone, endothelin receptor antagonists bosentan, prostaglandins and their analogs.This review briefly summarized the progress on the treatment of neonatal persistent pulmonary hypertension.
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Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) is the most common biliary malignancy, and surgical operation is the only possible treatment method at present. The nature of surgical margin is an important influencing factor for the long-term survival of patients, and radical resection can bring great survival benefits to patients. The determination of radial margin for HCCA can help to evaluate the nature of surgical margin and predict the prognosis of patients more accurately. This article reviews the latest research advances in the surgical margin of HCCA.
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OBJECTIVE： To investigate the influential factors of tacrolimus （TAC） blood concentration in patients with nephrotic syndrome （NS） of different nationalities. METHODS： In retrospective study， clinical information of 104 patients who diagnosed as NS and met inclusion/exclusion criteria were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University during Dec. 2017 and Nov. 2018， including gender， age， ethnicity， height， body weight， laboratory test items， combined drug use and TAC dosage. Influential factors for TAC blood concentration were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software， and effects of combined use of Wuzhi capsule on steady-state blood trough concentration （[ss][c min]） and dose of TAC were also analyzed. RESULTS： Among 104 patients， totally TAC blood concentration of 394 case times were monitored； using TAC standardized blood concentration as endpoint， Han nationality group was significantly lower than Uygur and Kazak nationality group （P＝0.003）； patients receiving combined use of Wuzhi capsule were significantly higher than those without combined use of Wuzhi capsule （P＝0.056）； the patients with combined use of calcium antagonists was significantly higher than the patients without calcium antagonists （P＝0.01）； the patients with combined use of proton pump inhibitors were significantly lower than those without combined proton pump inhibitors （P＝0.01）； patients with normal hematocrit were significantly lower than those with abnormal hematocrit （P＝0.001）； patients with normal urea nitrogen were significantly lower than those with abnormal urea nitrogen （P＜0.001）. The dose of TAC in patients receiving combined Wuzhi capsule were significantly lower than those without combined use of Wuzhi capsule （P＝0.001）， there was no significant difference in [ss][c min] of TAC between them （P＝0.29）. CONCLUSIONS： For NS patients， the effects of ethnicity， calcium antagonists， proton pump inhibitors， hematocrit， urea nitrogen and Wuzhi capsules on TAC blood concentration should be considered when TAC is used.
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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic respiratory disease in premature and low birth weight infants,characterized by alveolar and pulmonary vascular dysplasia.This article reviews the factors related to the pathogenesis of BPD,with the aim of providing new ideas for the research of pathogenesis of BPD and its prevention and treatment.Among them,immature lung development,acute lung injury,and abnormal repair after injury are the key links of BPD.Other influencing factors include oxygen poisoning,barotrauma,infection,lack of nutritional support,patent ductus arteriosus,blood transfusion,gastroesophageal reflux,pulmonary interstitial edema,abnormal coagulation function,cholestasis and so on.
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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)is the most common chronic respiratory disease in premature and low birth weight infants, characterized by alveolar and pulmonary vascular dysplasia.This article reviews the factors related to the pathogenesis of BPD, with the aim of providing new ideas for the research of pathogenesis of BPD and its prevention and treatment.Among them, immature lung development, acute lung injury, and abnormal repair after injury are the key links of BPD.Other influencing factors include oxygen poisoning, barotrauma, infection, lack of nutritional support, patent ductus arteriosus, blood transfusion, gastroesophageal reflux, pulmonary interstitial edema, abnormal coagulation function, cholestasis and so on.
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Objective To investigate the effects of calmodulin-dependent kinase IIγ (GaMKIIγ) RNA interference on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Methods Three CaMKIIγ recomninant RNA interference vectors were constructed using lentivirus. Negative vector was used to transfect RAW264.7 cells and the multiplicity of infection (MOI) with the optimal transfection efficiency was determined. Recombinant vectors were also used to transfect cells to determine the one with the best interference effect for following experiments.Then, the cells were divided into control group, negative vector group and interference vector group. Five days after virus transfection, osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption function were determined by TRAP staining and dentin resorption lacunae detection. Results Three CaMKIIγ recombinant interference vectors were constructed, and the optimal MOI was 30, under which transfection efficiency was about 81％. The #3 recombinant vector showed the best interference effect and the interference efficiency was up to 78.16％ at mRNA level and 67.02％ at protein level. When compared with control group, the number of multi-nucleated osteoclasts, the number and area of dentin resorption lacunaes in interference vector group decreased 59.99％、54.19％ and 57.94％ respectively (P < 0.01). No significant difference were observed between negative vector group and control group (P> 0.05).Conclusion CaMKIIγ RNA interference significantly inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.
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Objective: To establish the rational drug use standard for elderly hypertensive patients after comprehensive assessment, so as to provide evidence for rational drug use in clinics. Methods: Such standards as Beers, STOPP and START were summarized, key items were extracted,duplicate contents were deleted,and the initial standard was formed and used as the first round questionnaire. The Delphi method was used to conduct the second round expert consultation questionnaire,and the positive coefficients, authority and coordination degree of the experts were evaluated. Results: A total of 10 experts participated in the consultation, and the effective re-covery rate of the second round was 100% and the average authority coefficient was 0. 88. The coordination coefficient of the two rounds was 0. 57 and 0. 76, respectively. The standard of rational drug use for the elderly patients with hypertension after comprehensive as-sessment was finally completed. The standard contained 13 comprehensive assessment contents and 21 drug warning entries. Conclu-sion: After 2 rounds of expert consultation,the opinions tend to be uniform with high degree of coordination. The standard can provide reference for clinicians and clinical pharmacists to use drugs rationally. At the same time,it also provides ideas for the establishment of rational drug use standards for other diseases.
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Objective To study the median effective doses (ED50) of dexmedetomidine to induce adequate sedation in elderly patients undergoing epidural anaesthesia. Methods Seventy-five elderly patients undergoing lower extremity operation under epidural anesthesia were selected, and the patients were divided into 5 groups according to the random digits table method with 15 cases each: D1 group (dexmedetomidine 0.2 μg/kg), D2 group (dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg), D3 group (dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg), D4 group (dexmedetomidine 0.8μg/kg) and D5 group (dexmedetomidine 1.0μg/kg). After 20 min of dexmedetomidine injection, adequate sedation was defines as observer′s assessment of alertness/sedation score (OAA/S score) ≤ 3 scores. The ED50 and 95% effective dose (ED95) of dexmedetomidine and 95% CI in elderly patients undergoing epidural anaesthesia were calculated by probit regression method. The changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) and OAA/S score among 5 groups were compared. The incidences of adverse effects such as hypotension, bradycardia, hypoxemia and excessive sedation were compared. Results The ED50 in elderly patients was 0.36 μg/kg (95% CI 0.27 - 0.44 μg/kg); the ED95 was 0.94 μg/kg (95% CI 0.71 - 1.62 μg/kg). After dexmedetomidine injection, the MBP, heart rate, SpO2 and OAA/S scores in 5 groups were decreased, but in the D4 group and D5 group the decreases were more significant. The incidences of hypotension, bradycardia and excessive sedation in D1 group, D2 group and D3 group were significantly lower than those in D4 group and D5 group:2/15, 5/15 and 8/15 vs. 14/15 and 15/15;1/15, 6/15, 7/15 vs. 13/15 and 14/15;0, 0 and 1/15 vs. 5/15 and 7/15, the incidences of hypoxemia in D1 group, D2 group and D3 group were significantly lower than those in D5 group: 0, 0 and 0 vs. 3/15 and 4/15, and there were statistical differences (P0.05). Conclusions The ED50 of dexmedetomidine in elderly patients undergoing epidural anaesthesia is 0.36μg/kg, (CI 0.27-0.44μg/kg). The incidences of adverse effects are increased when single-dose dexmedetomidine is more than 0.8μg/kg.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in cancer patients. METHODS:Referring to the expert advice and guideline of clinical application of rhG-CSF at home and abroad,DUE criteria on rhG-CSF for cancer patients was established;questionnaire was designed,and the medical re-cords of rhG-CSF in a third grade class A hospital was evaluated. RESULTS:The DUE criterion on rhG-CSF for cancer patients included 3 parts,such as drug indications,the course of medication and medication results,14 items in total. Through the imple-mentation of DUE,retrospective evaluation of 220 medical records showed that the application of rhG-CSF was up to the stan-dard in respects of drug indications,no contraindication,routine blood test and drug interaction monitoring at least twice every week,there still was irrational phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS:The established DUE criterion on rhG-CSF for cancer patients is with the characteristics of definite content,target and paracticabilitg,which can provide reference for the work development of clinical pharmacists.
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Objective:To explore the pharmaceutical care on an uremia patient with pulmonary infection complicated with epilepsy to provide ideas for clinical pharmacists in the clinical practice. Methods: According diagnosis and drug treatment characteristic of Chronic renal insufficiency, clinical pharmacist supplied individual treatment regiment and treatment of complications and adverse drug reactions occurred in the course of treatment, and pharmaceutical care for the patient in the whole process. Results: Pharmaceutical care on patients with uremia complicated with pulmonary should focous on the safety and rationality of the used of antibiotics, the poten-tial interaction of drugs, the treatment of adverse drug reaction, and the education of patients. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacist should supplied conventional pharmaceutical care on patients with uremia complicated with pulmonary to improve the safety and effectiveness of drug treatment.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the life quality and their influence factors in cleft lip and palate parents and to provide evidences for improving the life quality of the parents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and forty-three parents whose children accepted the primary surgery of cleft lip and palate were selected as the case group, and 109 normal adults as the control group. Both groups were investigated by 3 questionnaires that included questionnaire of general status, generic quality of life inventory-74 (GQOLI-74), social support rating scale (SSRS). The results of two groups were analyzed and the influence factors on life quality were studied by stepwise multiple regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1)The scores of the life quality, mental function, social function, material life in the case group were significantly low compared with the control group(P<0.05). 2)The social support total scores, subjective support and utilization of social support were lower than the control group(P<0.05). 3)Social support, objective support, subjective support positively correlated with life quality scores and every dimension score in the case group. 4)The relevant factors affecting life quality were social support and income.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The life quality and social support of cleft lip and palate patients is poor, we should give more support and help to improve their life quality.</p>
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Adult , Humans , Cleft Lip , Cleft Palate , Parents , Quality of Life , Social Adjustment , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between rs142167, rs7216231 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Wnt3 and nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCL/P) in Hui and Han population of Ningxia Autonomous Region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study consisted of 371 NSCL/P patients from Ningxia Hui and Han population (Han population 166, Hui population 205), their parents (196 fathers, 224 mothers, 150 trios) and 258 normal controls (Han population 190, Hui population 68). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) was used to identify rs142167, rs7216231 genotypes of the samples. The data was analyzed by case-control analysis, transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and family based associated test (FBAT).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Case-control study showed that no differences in cleft lip, cleft palate, cleft lip and palate, and the total case group compared with the control group at rs142167 and rs7216231 (P > 0.05) in Hui and Han population and in stratified comparison. TDT test showed that rs142167 and rs7216231's allele had not over-transmitted (P > 0.05) in NSCL/P. FBAT test showed that G-G specific haplotypes showed statistically significant (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Wnt3 gene polymorphism is not relevant with NSCL/ P in Ningxia Hui and Han population.</p>
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Humans , Brain , Congenital Abnormalities , Case-Control Studies , Cleft Lip , Cleft Palate , Genotype , Polymorphism, Genetic , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
Objective: To detect the Immune regulating activity of ethaselen-1(Eb1),a novel organoselenium compound,in C57/BL mice transplanted with Lewis lung cancer(LLC).Methods: The LLC transplanted C57/BL mice models were established,and the mice was randomly divided into four groups,including high dose Eb1 group(25.0 mg/kg),low dose Eb1 group(12.5 mg/kg),positive control group(levamisole,LMS,2.0 mg/kg) and negative control group(solvent).Intraperitoneal injections(ip.) of the four pharmaceuticals were performed once a day through the abdominal wall separately,from the second to the eighth day after cancer was transplanted.On the eleventh day,six mice of each group were killed and relative weight of spleen,transforming activity of spleen lymphocytes,NK cell activity,LAK cell activity and percentage of CD_4~+CD_8~+T lymphocyte were detect.Results: Compared with the control group,high dose Eb1 could obviously increase the relative weight of spleen(150.59% and 122.55%),transforming activity of spleen lymphocytes(162.25% and 561.98%),NK cell activity(78.60% and 219.42%) and percentage of CD_4~-/CD_8~+ T lymphocyte(104.72% and 105.87%) in normal mice and LLC mice.Compared with the control group,high dose Eb1 could also increase LAK cell activity of LLC mice by 195.11%.Conclusion: The novel organoselenium compound Eb1 has immune regulating activity in vivo.
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Objective: To detect the antitumor activity of Shuang-Xi-Zuo-Wan-1(Eb), a novel organoselenium compound, in C57/BL mice transplanted with Lewis lung cancer(LLC). Methods: The LLC transplanted C57/BL mice model was established,and the mice were randomly divided into four groups, including high dose Eb group (25.0 mg/kg),low dose Eb group (12.5 mg/kg), positive control group (DDP,2.0 mg/kg) and negative control group(solvent).Each group had twelve mice. Intraperitoneal injections (ip.) of four pharmaceuticals were performed once a day through the abdominal wall separately, from the second to the eighth days after cancer was transplanted. On the eleventh day,six mice of each group were killed and the influences of Eb on growth speed ,size, weight, invasion, inhibitory rate, proliferation index and apoptosis rate of LLC were observed and calculated.The remaining mice were fed till all of them died naturely and the average survival time of each group was calculated. Results:Eb could inhibit the growth and infiltration of LLC(the cancer inhibitory rate of high does Eb was 80.31%) obviously and prolong the average survival time of these with mice cancer. After being given Eb,the nuclear of the cancer cell concentrated and the fission phase cells reduced.In addition,the number of apoptosis cancer cells increased.Conclusion:The novel organoselenium compound Eb has antitumo activity in vivo .It can inhibit the growth and infiltration of LLC in mice, and induce the apoptosis of cancer cells.