Recent research on the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway in cardiac injury in children with Kawasaki disease / 中国当代儿科杂志

Kawasaki disease (KD), also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is a systemic acute vasculitis belonging to autoimmune disease. Up to now, the specific pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear, and it may involve various factors such as immune response, inflammatory response, and vascular endothelial injury caused by the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In particular, children with KD and cardiac injury tend to have a poor prognosis, and researchers hope to explore the specific pathogenesis of cardiac injury in KD to provide new options for clinical diagnosis and treatment and reduce the incidence rate of this disorder. This article reviews the recent research on the role of the NF-κB signaling pathway in cardiac injury in children with KD, so as to provide a basis for future studies.

Research Progress of FAM60A in the Regulation of Cellular Function / 中国医学科学院学报

FAM60A,a cell cycle protein,is a subunit of the SIN3 transcription regulator family member A/histone deacetylase(SIN3-HDAC)complex and plays an important role in cell cycle regulation,cell morphology change,cell proliferation,differentiation and migration,early embryogenesis and so on.Studies in recent years have shown that FAM60A plays a role in the occurrence and development of tumors including human osteosarcoma,esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,lung cancer and liver cancer,providing a new research direction for tumor diagnosis and treatment.Based on the research results in recent years at home and abroad,this paper discussed the effects of FAM60A on cellular functions.

Effect and molecular mechanism of interferon-α on podocyte apoptosis induced by hepatitis B virus X protein / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of interferon-α (INF-α) on the apoptosis of the mouse podocyte cell line MPC5 induced by hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein.@*METHODS@#MPC5 cells were transfected with the pEX plasmid carrying the HBx gene. RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of HBx at different time points. MPC5 cells were divided into 4 groups: control group (MPC5 cells cultured under normal conditions), INF-α group (MPC5 cells cultured with INF-α), HBx group (MPC5 cells induced by HBx), and HBx+INF-α group (MPC5 cells induced by HBx and cultured with INF-α). After 48 hours of intervention under different experimental conditions, flow cytometry was used to measure the apoptosis of MPC5 cells, and quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression of slit diaphragm-related proteins (nephrin, CD2AP, and synaptopodin) and the cytoskeleton-related protein transient receptor potential cation channel 6 (TRPC6).@*RESULTS@#MPC5 cells transfected by pEX-HBx had the highest expression of HBx mRNA at 48 hours after transfection (P<0.05). Compared with the control, INF-α and HBx+INF-α groups, the HBx group had a significant increase in the apoptosis rate of MPC5 cells (P<0.05). Compared with the control and INF-α groups, the HBx group had significant reductions in the mRNA and protein expression of nephrin, synaptopodin, and CD2AP and significant increases in the mRNA and protein expression of TRPC6 (P<0.05). Compared with the HBx group, the HBx+INF-α group had significant increases in the mRNA and protein expression of nephrin, synaptopodin, and CD2AP and significant reductions in the mRNA and protein expression of TRPC6 (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#INF-α can inhibit the apoptosis of podocytes induced by HBx, possibly through improving the abnormal expression of slit diaphragm-related proteins (CD2AP, nephrin, and synaptopodin) and cytoskeleton-related protein (TRPC6) induced by HBx.

Effect of particulate matter 2.5 at urban centre of Hangzhou on lung impairment in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of ambient particle matter 2.5 (PM2.5) collected in the urban center of Hangzhou on the lung injury of rats and on the activating of endoplasmic reticulum pathway.@*METHODS@#PM2.5 samples were collected on quartz fiber filters using a PM2.5 high-volume air sampler in the urban area of Hangzhou. The collected PM2.5 particles were extracted in ultrapure water and concentrated by vacuum freeze-drying. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawly (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:saline control group, low dose PM2.5 exposure group (5 mg/kg BW) and high dose PM2.5 exposure groups (25 mg/kg BW). Each group received intratracheal instillation of PM2.5, once a week for 4 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure, the rats were narcotized and sacrificed, left lung was isolated and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for histopathological detection. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected from the right lung. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in BALF were detected by chemical colorimetry. The level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokines in BALF was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). And the protein expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated protein kinase receptor-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor (p-eIF2α), transcription factors C/EBP homologue protein (CHOP), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) in lung tissue were determined by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Compared with control group, rats in both low dose (5 mg/kg) and high dose (25 mg/kg) PM2.5-treated groups showed obviously dose-dependent pulmonary toxicity including thickening of alveolar walls, narrowing of alveolar space, interstitial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration. Compared with control group, T-AOC level and the SOD activity in BALF in both PM2.5-treated groups were decreased dose-dependently (<0.05), whereas the LDH activity in BALF were increased in a dose-dependent manner (<0.05). Exposure to PM2.5 resulted in a increasing of the release of proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in rat lung in a dose-dependent manner (<0.05). The levels of GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP, IRE1α and spliced XBP1 (XBP1-S) were significantly up-regulated, whereas the level of unspliced XBP1 (XBP1-U) was down-regulated in the rat lung tissue of high-dose PM2.5 treated group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The PM2.5 in the urban area of Hangzhou can significantly cause lung inflammatory injury in rats. Both oxidative stress and activation of ER stress pathways may be related to such PM2.5 inhalation-induced lung inflammatory injury.

Clinical and pathological differences between children with various genotypes of hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical and pathological features between children with various genotypes of hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-one children with HBV-GN concurrently undergoing liver and renal biopsy were randomly selected. Serum specimens were collected for genotyping and hepatitis B virus (HBV) cccDNA assay. The clinical, pathological, and HBV cccDNA differences between HBV-GN children of various genotypes were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 41 HBV-GN children, 29 (71%) were genotype C, 10 (24%) were genotype B, and 2 (5%) were genotype B/C. The incidence rates of hematuria, albuminuria, complement 3 decrease, alanine transaminase increase, and renal insufficiency in the genotype C group were significantly higher than those in the genotype B group (P<0.05). Similarly, the HBV cccDNA positive rate was significantly higher in the genotype C group than that in the genotype B group. No difference was observed in the distribution of pathological types of renal tissues betwee the two geonotype groups. There were no significant differences in the degrees of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Mainly genotypes C and B occur in children with HBV-GN and the former genotype is dominant. The clinical symptoms of patients with genotype C are more serious than those with genotype B. However, there is no difference in the pathological features between them.</p>

Relationship between B/C genotype of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis B virus related-nephritis in children / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between genotype of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis B virus related-glomerular nephritis in (HBV-GN) children.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Totally 176 HBV-DNA positive children with chronic hepatitis B were randomly collected. Among the 176 patients, 92 were HBV carriers, 84 were cases with chronic hepatitis. The genotypes of their serum HBV, liver function, and HBV-DNA load were detected. When children showed nephrotic syndrome, renal biopsy was performed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Of the serum samples of 176 cases, 85 (48.3%) were genotype C, 72 (40.9%) were genotype B, 13 (7.4%) were genotype B/C, and 6 (3.4%) were non-B/C genotype which were excluded. Among the analyzed 157 cases, the ratio of HBV-GN in the HBeAg positive group (78.3%) was significantly higher than that in the negative group (21.7%) (χ(2) = 18.301, P < 0.001). And, the ratio of HBV-GN in the genotype C group (73.9%) was significantly higher than that in the genotype B group (26.1%) (P < 0.039). The ratio of hematuria or proteinuria in the genotype C group (20%, 18.8%) was significantly higher than that in the genotype B group (8.3%, 5.6%) (P < 0.039; P value = 0.013); and the alteration of ALT or C3 in the genotype C group (10.2%, 15.3%) was more frequent than those in the genotype B group (2.8%, 2.8%) (P = 0.005; P = 0.008). There were no significant differences in kidney dysfunction or hepatomegaly. Further, the ratio of HBV-GN was more significantly frequent in HBV-DNA highly loading group (79.2%) than which in HBV-DNA lowly loading group (20.8%) (P = 0.000). Finally, in HBV-GN group, genotype C cases (88.2%) more frequently had high HBV-DNA load condition than genotype B cases (11.8%) (P = 0.021).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Children with HBV infection in Gansu province showed mainly genotypes C or B, while genotype C seemingly predominant. Patients with genotype C more frequently showed proteinuria or hematuria. The high HBV-DNA load may be related with HBV-GN. It is a potential reason in the mechanism of HBV-GN that patients with genotype C had more possibility to have HBV-DNA high load. Analysis of HBV genotype for HBV patients maybe helpful in diagnosis and treatment.</p>

Research on serum HBV cccDNA and genotype of virus in children with chronic hepatitis B / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the serum HBV cccDNA and genotype of hepatitis B virus in children in Gansu province.Methods 124 HBV-DNA positive children were randomly selected,with 84 males and 40 females.Among the 124 patients,65 were HBV carriers,59 were chronic hepatitis(31 mild,18 moderate and 10 severe).Genotypes of their serum HBV,liver function,HBV-DNA load and serum HBV cccDNA were detected.Results In the moderate and severe groups,HBV cccDNA positive rate was higher than that in the HBV carriers or the mild group(F=25.429,P＜0.01).The HBV cccDNA detection rate in HBeAg positive group was higher than that in the HBeAg negative group(F=28.386,P＜0.01).In the HBV cccDNA positive group,glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase,total bilirubin were higher than that in the negative group(t respectively 13.241,11.347,15.013,P＜0.01).Both C and B genotypes appeared to be the majority while C genotype was dominant in the 124 cases of children hepatitis,with the rest as B/C and some other genotypes.The positive rate of HBV cccDNA C genotype was higher than that of the genotype B(F=23.216,P＜0.01)and the negative rate of HBV cccDNA genotype was higher than that of the C genotype(F=26.364,P＜0.01).Conclusion Higher detection rate was found inthose more severe cases in the peripheral blood streams.HBV cccDNA and genotype testing might better reflect the level of HBV replication and the clinical severity of the disease,showing its guiding role in clinical diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B.

Effects of paraquat on the learning and memory ability in developing mice / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the damages of paraquat to the learning and memory ability of developing mice and explore the possible mechanism involving oxidative stress.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty healthy Kunming mice in aged 21 days were divided into 4 groups randomly: a control group (distilled water) and three paraquat treatment groups. The doses of paraquat were 0.89, 2.67 and 8mg/kg body weight, respectively. Paraquat was administered orally in doses of 0.1 ml/10 g body weight, respectively, once a day and for 28 consecutive days. The Morris water maze test and the shuttling and avoid dark box test were used to detect the learning and memory abilities of mice. The levels of MDA and the activities of SOD and GSH-PX were detected according to the commercial kits manual using a microplate reader.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Morris water maze test showed that the escape latency of mice after paraquat treatment (57.98 +/- 2.78, 62.35 +/- 3.18, 85.57 +/- 5.10) were significantly increase compared with the control (21.74 +/- 1.36), respectively (P < 0.05). There were good dose-response relationship (R = 0.8629, P < 0.05). The shuttling and avoid dark box test showed that initiative avoidance latency of mice after paraquat treatment (5.56 +/- 0.29, 6.08 +/- 0.22, 8.32 +/- 0.38) were significantly increase compared with the control (3.50 +/- 0.13), respectively (P < 0.05). There were good dose-response relationship (R = 0.9579, P < 0.05). The levels of MDA in serum of mice in paraquat treatment groups (2.67 and 8 mg/kg) (24.76 +/- 1.76, 31.10 +/- 4.57) and in hippocampus of mice in each paraquat treatment groups were significantly increase compared with the control (serum: 16.38 +/- 6.26, hippocampus: 1.93 +/- 0.39) (P < 0.05, respectively). The activities of SOD in serum and hippocampus of mice in each paraquat treatment groups were significantly decrease compared with the control (serum: 213.25 +/- 6.78, hippocampus: 197.36 +/- 6.37) (P < 0.05, respectively). The activities of GSH-PX in serum and hippocampus of mice in each paraquat treatment groups were significantly decrease compared with the control (serum: 583.47 +/- 11.23, hippocampus: 412.38 +/- 13.16) (P < 0.05, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Paraquat can induce the oxidative damage in hippocampus, and then influence the learning and memory abilities of developing mice.</p>

Study on mannose-binding protein gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association between the genetic polymorphisms of mannose-binding protein (MBP) alleles and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>125 pulmonary tuberculosis cases and 198 healthy controls were collected. A case-control study was conducted. Three structural gene mutations in exon 1 of MBP gene (codon 52, codon 54 and codon 57) were studied. Polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) was carried out in the polymorphism in MBP alleles. Information on related risk factors of tuberculosis was collected, using a pre-tested questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were conducted with SPSS software package.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of mutant heterozygote or homozygote of MBP-52, 54, 57 were 8.0%, 7.2% and 0.4% for cases and 5.3%, 4.3%, 0.5% for controls, respectively. The distribution of mutant genotypes of MBP did not show significant difference between tuberculosis patients and control by Mantel-Haenszel chi2 on sex. The univariate analysis demonstrated that body mass index, marital status, vaccinal vestige, bacillus of Calmette-Guerin vaccine immunization, contacted with pulmonary tuberculosis patients, familial traits were the risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis. After adjusting those related environmental factors in the multivariate logistic analyses, the total MBP (MBP-52, MBP-54 and MBP-57) and MBP-52 heterozygote genotypes were significantly overrepresented in cases, with adjusted OR (95% CI) being 2.182 (1.058-4.499) and 2.574 (1.028-6.446).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Total MBP and MBP-52 mutant genotypes might be associated with the susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis.</p>