Expert Consensus on Polymyxin Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Clinical Interpretation / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

The polymyxins are important antimicrobial agents against antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli. In 2020, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute modified the clinical breakpoints for polymyxin susceptibility test by eliminating the "susceptible" interpretive category, only reporting intermediate (≤2 mg/L) and resistant (≥4 mg/L). However, the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing recommended the use of clinical breakpoints of ≤2 mg/L as susceptible and >2 mg/L as resistant. The first-line laboratorians and clinicians in China have been perplexed by the inconsistence of international polymyxin clinical breakpoints and discouraged by the difficulty of conducting polymyxin susceptibility testing. Therefore, it is urgently needed to make it clear for the laboratorians in China to know how to accurately carry out polymyxin susceptibility testing and standardize the interpretation of susceptibility testing results. To this end, the experts from relevant fields were convened to formulate this consensus statement on the testing and clinical interpretation of polymyxin susceptibility. Relevant recommendations are proposed accordingly for laboratorians and clinicians to streamline their daily work.

Clinical Efficacy and Transcriptomic Analysis of Congrong Shujing Granules () in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Syndrome of Shen (Kidney) Essence Deficiency / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Congrong Shujing Granules ( , CSGs) in treating patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome of Shen (Kidney) essence deficiency, and to investigate the potential mechanism involving efficacy through a transcriptome sequencing approach.@*METHODS@#Eligible PD patients with syndrome of Shen essence defificiency were randomly assigned to a treatment group or a control group by a random number table, and were treated with CSGs combined with Western medicine (WM), or placebo combined with WM, respectively. Both courses of treatment lasted for 12 weeks. The Unifified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score, the PD Question-39 (PDQ-39) score, CM Syndrome Scale score, and drug usage of all patients were evaluated before and after treatment. Safety was evaluated by clinical laboratory tests and electrocardiographs. Blood samples from 6 patients in each group were collected before and after the trial and used for transcriptomic analysis by gene ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. Differentially expressed genes were validated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.@*RESULTS@#A total of 86 PD patients were selected from the Third Affifiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2017 and December 2017. Finally, 72 patients completed the trial, including 35 in the treatment group and 37 in the control group. When compared with the control group after treatment, patients in the treatment group showed signifificant decreases in UPDRS sub-II score, PDQ-39 score, CM syndrome score, and Levodopa equivalent dose (P0.05). A possible mechanism of clinical effificacy was proposed that involved regulating cell metabolism-related processes and ribosome-related pathways. Treatment with CSGs had shown to affect relevant gene loci for PD, including AIDA, ANKRD36BP2, BCL2A1, BCL2L11, FTH1P2, GCH1, HPRT1, NFE2L2, RMRP, RPS7, TGFBR1, WIPF2, and COX7B.@*CONCLUSIONS@#CSGs combined with WM can be used to treat PD patients with CM syndrome of Shen essence defificiency with a good safety. The possible mechanism of action and relevant gene loci were proposed. (Registration No. ChiCTR-IOR-16008394).

Development of Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Extracted Proteins of Rice Leaves: Hydrophilic Interaction-Reversed-phase Approach / 分析化学

A two-dimensional liquid chromatography method was developed for the analysis of rice leaves proteomics based on the coupling of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-reversed-phase liquid chromatography with online tandem mass spectrometry. The influence of pH value of chromatographic mobile phase on the orthogonality of the hydrophilic interaction-reversed-phase two-dimensional liquid chromatography was evaluated by the changes of standard peptide retention. The results indicated that the better orthogonality (R2=0.34113) was achieved from the system with hydrophilic interaction columns(pH 9.3) in the first and C18columns(pH 3.3) in the second LC dimension. Coupled with multiple fraction concatenation strategy,the orthogonality of two-dimensional liquid chromatography was further evaluated in the analysis of complex rice leaf proteins. The results showed that more than 50% of the total peptides were identified less than two times, and the peptides obtained from first-dimension were well distributed across the elution window,indicating that the method showed significant orthogonality in the identification of complex rice leaf proteins. Based on the proteome discoverer software,207345 peptides belonged to 2930 protein clusters were identified.

Metabolic Profiling Analysis of Rice Leaf Based on Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Combined with Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

A metabolic profiling analysis method for metabolomic studies of rice leaf was established based on HSS T3 combined with XBridge Amide Q-TOF LC/MS by comparing the influences of different extraction methods in rice leaves of metabolites. The extraction and separation of rice leaf metabolites using three different methods including methanol-chloroform-water,methanol-chloroform-ammonia,methanol-methyl tert-butyl ether -water and different chromatographic systems were compared by the numbers of peaks, identified metabolites and the metabolic pathways. The results showed that the method of methanol-chloroform-water reached the highest coverage rate of metabolites in rice leaves,and the maximum number of unique metabolites including prephenic acid, luteolin, α-linolenic acid, aconitic acid, gibberellin A12 aldehyde, isovitexin, L-Glutamate were detected. Metabolites with different polarity in rice leaf could be detected by HSS T3 and XBridge Amide. A total of 16 kinds of organic acids, 17 kinds of nucleotides, 21 kinds of amino acids, 66 kinds of fatty acids,11 kinds of phospholipids and 7 kinds of sphingolipids were identified. XBridge Amide had an absolute advantage in detecting phospholipids and sphingolipids. The metabolic pathways involved purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, arginine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism and vitamin B2 synthesis. It showed certain complementarity between the two columns in identifying metabolites and involved the metabolic pathways. The established method is expected to be useful for the metabolomic studies of rice.

Genotype Analysis of Hemoglobinopathy in Chinese Jiangsu Population / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genotype distribution of hemoglobinopathy in Chinese Jiangsu population.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A total of 4115 samples were screened for hemaglobinopathy by using MCV combined with erythrocyte fragility tests and HPLC. Thalassemia genotypes were identified by Gap-PCR and Recerse Dot blot. PCR-DNA sequencing and PCR-elecrophoresis were used as supplement of PCR-RBD and for identifying the mutants of globin gene of abnormal hemoglobin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive screening rate was 6.10% (251/4115) in Chinese Jiangsu population, 232 cases received thalassemia genotype diagnosis and from them 195 people were positive. In all positive ones, α-thalassemia, β-thalassemia, α-thalassemia combined with β-thalassemia, SEA-HPFH and SEA-HPFH combined with β-thalassemia were found respectively to be 31.28% (61/232), 66.15% (129/232), 1.54% (3/232), 0.43% (1/232) and 0.43% (1/232) of patients. The majority genotype of α-thalassemia was - - (SEA) and IVS-II-654 was the main genotype of β-thalassemia, 11 cases of abnormal hemoglobin were found, including 3 cases of Hb E, 1 Hb Kenitra, 1 Hb Seattle, 1 Hb Saitama, 1 Hb Bushwick, 1 Hb Koln and 1 Hb M-Milwaukee-2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The main hemoglobinpathy is thalassemia in Chinese Jiangsu province and the HPLC play an important role in screening hemoglobinpathy. There is reference value of this study for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.</p>

Intra-articular glucocorticoid injections in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a Singapore hospital

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intra-articular glucocorticoid (IAG) injections in our institution in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This is a retrospective assessment of IAG injections performed by the Department of Paediatrics, National University Hospital, Singapore, from October 2009 to October 2011. A total of 26 procedures were evaluated for efficacy, considering parameters such as clinical response, changes in systemic medication, length of time between repeat injections, safety, consent-taking, pre- and post-procedural advice, compliance with aseptic technique, and post-procedural complications.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 26 IAG injections of triamcinolone hexacetonide were administered over 17 occasions (i.e. patient encounters) to ten patients with JIA during the study period. After the injections, clinical scoring by a paediatric rheumatologist showed overall improvement by an average of 2.62 points out of 15. Besides six patient encounters that had an increase in systemic medication on the day of the injection, five required an increase within six months post injection, two required no adjustments, and one resulted in a decrease in medications. In all, 21 injections did not require subsequent injections. The mean interval between repeat injections was 7.8 months. Cutaneous side effects were noted in three anatomically difficult joints. Medical documentation with regard to patient progress was found to be lacking.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As per the recommendations of the American College of Rheumatology, we safely used IAG injections as the first-line therapy in our group of patients with oligoarticular JIA, and/or as an adjunct to systemic therapy in our patients with JIA.</p>

Treatment of refractory lateral epicondylitis with modified Nirschl surgical technique / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical effects of modified Nirschl surgical techniique in treating refractory lateral epicondylitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2009 to January 2011,21 patients (21 elbows) with refractory lateral epicondylitis were treated in our hospital. There were 8 males and 13 females,ranged in age from 25 to 59 years with an average of (48.3+/-13.4) years and the duration time from 8 to 33 months with an average of (17.1+/-7.7) months;affected position in dominant sides of 16 cases and non-dominant sides of 5 cases. The patients had already received multiple non-operative treatments. Modified Nirschl surgical technique was performed,and operative origination from origin of musculus extensor carpi radialis brevis to discard process with small incision, the process place of extensor digitorum communis would be removed. The incisions were nursed by ice compress for 2 days after operation. Range of motion (ROM) and strengthening exercise of elbow joints started at the 1 week after plaster slab fixation; ROM and strengthening exercise of wrist joints also started at the 2 week after fixation. The pain, power of gripping and patient staisfaction were recorded after operation. Verhaar scaling were used to estimate the recovery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventeen patients were followed up from 13 to 22 months with an average of 16.3 months. According to Verhaar standard, 15 cases obtained excellent results and 2 good. No postoperative complication such as instability was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Modified Nirschl surgical technique is an effective method in treating refractory lateral epicondylitis but correct to diagnosis and exclusion the coexisting diseases,accurate removal the process are important guarantee.</p>

Gemifloxacin for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Gemifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of gemifloxacin for the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing gemifloxacin with other approved antibiotics. The PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched, with no language restrictions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten RCTs, comparing gemifloxacin with other quinolones (in 5 RCTs) and β-lactams and/or macrolides (in 5 RCTs), involving 3940 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, the treatment success was higher for gemifloxacin when compared with other antibiotics (odds ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.15 - 1.68 in intention-to-treat patients, and 1.33, 1.02 - 1.73 in clinically evaluable patients). There was no significant difference between the compared antibiotics regarding microbiological success (1.19, 0.84 - 1.68) or all-cause mortality (0.82, 0.41 - 1.63). The total drug related adverse events were similar for gemifloxacin when compared with other quinolones (0.89, 0.56 - 1.41), while lower when compared with β-lactams and/or macrolides (0.71, 0.57 - 0.89). In subgroup analyses, administration of gemifloxacin was associated with fewer cases of diarrhoea and more rashes compared with other antibiotics (0.66, 0.48 - 0.91, and 2.36, 1.18 - 4.74, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The available evidence suggests that gemifloxacin 320 mg oral daily is equivalent or superior to other approved antibiotics in effectiveness and safety for CAP and AECB. The development of rash represents potential limitation of gemifloxacin.</p>

Icariin and its pharmaceutical efficacy: research progress of molecular mechanism / 中西医结合学报

Icariin is one of the key active components of Epimedium species, which is most widely applied to supplement the kidney in traditional Chinese medicine. Scientific research has found that icariin possesses extensive therapeutic effects such as protecting neurons from injury, promoting growth of neuronal synapse, improving sexual dysfunction and bone morphogenesis, as well as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and anti-depression functions. Considering that molecular mechanism is the fundamental basis for pharmaceutical efficacy of icariin, in this article, the authors retrospectively retrieved 122 scientific papers recorded in the PubMed database with "icariin" in the title from January 1, 1995 to January 5, 2011. It was found that icariin has been closely highlighted in the intervention of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signal pathways, inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5, and regulation of nuclear receptors. Besides, the authors also discussed the main orientation for molecular mechanism of icariin in future research.

Effects of active ingredients in three kidney-tonifying Chinese herbal drugs on gene expression profile of bone marrow stromal cells from a rat model of corticosterone-induced osteoporosis / 中西医结合学报

To observe the effects of icariin, psoralen and oleanolic acid, the three active ingredients of Yinyanghuo (Herba Epimedii Brevicornus), Buguzhi (Fructus Psoraleae) and Nuzhenzi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi), respectively, on gene expression profile of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from rats with corticosterone-induced osteoporosis.

Activity of ciprofloxacin and azithromycin on biofilms produced in vitro by Haemophilus influenzae / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>It is recognized that Haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients with otitis media forms biofilms both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that biofilm formation in vivo might play an important role in the pathogenesis and chronicity of otitis media, but the effect of antibiotics on biofilm has not been well studied. We investigated the impact of ciprofloxacin and azithromycin on bacterial biofilms formed by Haemophilus influenzae in vitro in this study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eleven strains of Haemophilus influenzae were isolated from sputum specimens collected from patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Formation of bacterial biofilm was examined by crystal violet assay and a scanning electron microscope. Alterations of biofilms were measured under varying concentrations of azithromycin and ciprofloxacin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Striking differences were observed among strains with regard to the ability to form biofilm. Typical membrane-like structure formed by bacterial cells and extracellular matrix was detected. Initial biofilm synthesis was inhibited by azithromycin and ciprofloxacin at concentrations higher than two-fold minimal inhibitory concentration. Disruption of mature biofilms could be achieved at relatively higher concentration, and ciprofloxacin displayed more powerful activity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Haemophilus influenzae is capable of forming biofilm in vitro. Sufficient dosage might control early formation of biofilms. Ciprofloxacin exerts better effects on breakdown of biofilm than azithromycin at conventional concentration in clinics.</p>

Study of the treatment of comminuted fractures of proximal humerus with open reduction and internal fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of the treatment for comminuted fractures of proximal humerus with open reduction and internal fixation, and the influence of the different internal fixation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2003 to June 2007, 423 cases of comminuted fractures of proximal humerus were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Among them, 139 patients included 51 males and 88 females were treated with the Kirschner needle with an average age of 55.8 years old ranging from 35 to 72 years, and the average course was 7 days (from 3 to 20 days); 103 patients included 48 males and 55 females were treated with the cloverleaf plate with an average age of 56.7 years old (from 22 to 76 years), and the average course was 8.5 days (from 3 to 23 days); 181 patients included 85 males and 96 females were treated with the locking plate with an average age of 57.1 years old (from 29 to 77 years), and the average course was 7.9 days (from 3 to 21 days). The pain, daily activities, orbit, and the strength of the shoulder were evaluated with the Constant's scale.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The wound of all the cases was primary healing. All patients were followed-up for over 12 months, the sings and symptoms of all the patients were improved very well. There was significant difference between, before and after operation on Constant's scoring. While there was not significant difference among the different internal fixation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Open reduction and internal fixation is effective for comminuted fractures of proximal humerus. There is no significant difference on therapeutic efficacy in different internal fixation.</p>

Correlation between the expression of PCDGF in serum and the chemotherapeutic sensitivity in NSCLC / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of PC cell-derived growth factor (PCDGF) in the serum of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and healthy adults, and it's correlation with chemotherapeutic sensitivity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The venous blood samples of 44 advanced NSCLC patients and 30 healthy adults were collected, and PCDGF mono-antibody was used for detection in the experiment. A part of specimens were randomly selected for Western-blot, and all specimens were eventually examined by ELISA. Chemotherapeutic response of these patients was recorded in order to analyze the correlation between PCDGF expression level and chemotherapeutic sensitivity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Western blot results indicated that there was PCDGF expression both in NSCLC patients and healthy adults, and the expressing intensity of PCDGF in NSCLC patients was higher than that in healthy adults. The result of ELISA showed PCDGF expression in the patients whoever was chemoresistant or chemosensitive was significantly higher than that in healthy adults (P < 0.01), However, in chemoresistant patients, it was significantly higher than that in chemosensitive with a borderline statistical difference (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PC cell-derived growth factor is found to be not only expressed in healthy adult but also in NSCLC patient at a high level in the serum, which may indicate metastasis and active proliferation in NSCLC. The intensity of PCDGF expression may be correlated with chemotherapy response and the high level expressing of PCDGF may indicate resistant to platinum-based chemotherapeutic regimen.</p>

Comparison of lung function measurement values with two different apparatus / 中国医疗器械杂志

This paper introduces a random measurement analysis of, lung function measurement values with two different apparatus. in 41 patients. It shows that the differences are not statistically significant (P>0.05) between two apparatus measurement values except DLCO, FEF25, FEF75 in the group of normal ventilation, FVC in the group of abnormal ventilation. The two groups are both correlated closely (r> 0.9) except MMF(r=0.7725, RV r=0.808) in the normal group of ventilation, and FEF75 (r=0.58) in the abnormal group of ventilation (p<0.001). The two apparatus with different measuring theories have a good correlation.

Expression of serum breast drug-resistance protein in predicting chemosensitivity of NSCLC / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate expression of serum breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in non-small cell lung cancer patient (NSCLC) and healthy adult, and its correlation with chemosensitivity as one passible value of BCRP in clinical application.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Venous blood specimens of 44 advanced NSCLC patients and 30 healthy adults were collected. Antibody of BCRP was used to detect its expression in the experiment. Part of venous specimens were randomly selected for Western-blot, and all specimens were examined by ELISA at last. Chemotherapy response of these patients was observed in order to analyze the correlation between BCRP expression level and chemosensitivity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Western blot result showed that BCRP expression can be detected both in NSCLC patient and normal adult. The expression level in NSCLC patients detected by ELISA was significantly higher than that in the healthy adults (P = 0.00); which was also significantly higher in chemo-resistant patients than that in the chemosensitive (P = 0.02) and the healthy adults (P = 0.00); however, BCRP expression in chemo-sensitive patients was not significantly different from that in the healthy adults (P = 0.08).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is found to be expressed at high level in the serum of NSCLC patient, the intensity of BCRP expression may be correlated with chemotherapy resistance in NSCLC, and the high level expressing of BCRP may indicate resistance to the platinum-based chemotherapy regimen. Detection of serum BCRP may someday become a useful bio-marker in predicting chemosensitivity of NSCLC.</p>

Effect of iipopclysaccharide on ENaC expression in the lung of rats with acute lung injured / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To study the effect of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)on the endo-pulmonary natrium channel(ENaC)expression in the lung of rats with acute lung injured.Method Sixteen rats were randomly divided into normal control group and LPS-group.Rats of normal control group and LPS-group were killed at 6 hours after intravenous injection of normal saline(8 ml/kg)or LPS(8 mg/kg).The extent of lung injury was assessed by arterial blood gas analysis and histological examination.At the same time,?-ENaC protein and???- ENaC mRNA expression in the lung tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.Results PaO_2 in LPS-group was noticeably lower than in normal control group(P

The immunity effects of quorum sensing in the pulmonary infection in rats due to pseudomonas aeruginosa / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the immunity effects of quorum sensing in the pulmonary infection in rats due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Method(1)300 healthy,clean Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups randomly:two different Pseudomonas aeruginosa(the wide-type Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and its double mutant PAO-JP2,in which the quorum sensing systems were defective,embedded in minute seaweed algiante beads which was made by an ejection set with an acuminate hole were inoculated to Sprague-Dawley rats to establish animal model of chronic pulmonary infection.The control group were dealed with the same methods using the sterile brine instead.(2)The levels of antibody IgG,IgM,IgG1,IgG2a to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sera and cytokines including interferon-?(IFN-?),Interleukin-4(IL-4)in lung homogenate was measured at 3,7,14,28 days after infection.Results(1)The mortality in the PAO1-JP2-infected group(11.0%)was significantly lower than that of the PAO1-infected group(29.7%)and the control group(4.21%).(2) Compared with the PAO-JP2 group,during the early stages of infection(3 days after infection),the IFN-?level in lung homogenates was significantly higher;during the middle stages of infection(7 days after infection),the levels of IFN-?and IL-4 of PAO1-infected rats were significantly higher;In the later stages of infection(14 to 28 days after infection),levles of IFN-?,IgG2a were lower,while levels of IL-4,IgG,IgG1 were higher persistantly in PAO1-infected rats.Conclusions Quorum sensing system play an important role in pathogenesis and immunity effects of pseudomonas aeruginosa infection via modulating the expression of virulence factors and interfering with the immune system of hosts.

Study on the dynamics of IgG antibody in 311 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the level and dynamic change of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus-specific IgG antibody in conavalescent SARS patients, and to provide information for prevention and vaccine development.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>IgG antibody against coronavirus was detected by ELISA in the blood of 311 convalescent SARS patients for every 2 - 4 weeks. Stata 7.0 statistics software was used to analyse the results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IgG antibody was detected positive on each testing of all the convalescent patients and its peak appeared 35 days after recovery. IgG antibody level showed a 35.8% decrease within one year.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Data showed that all the SARS convalescent patients had generated high level of specific IgG antibody against coronavirus in the early stage of recovery, but the antibody level declined along with the progress of convalescence, suggesting that the detection of the IgG antibody should go on until it disappeared.</p>

Inspiration from diffuse panbronchiolitis / 中国医学科学院学报

Diffuse panbronchiolitis is a new respiratory tract disease and was initially found in Japan. Strong association between race-dependent antigens and diffuse panbronchiolitis suggests a genetic predisposition to the disease. 14-member ring and 15-member ring macrolides have been proved to have significant therapeutical effect on diffuse panbronchiolitis. The discovery of diffuse panbronchiolitis and the advent of macrolide therapy for this disease suggests that clinicians should pay more attention to racial difference of some diseases and never overlook any accidental phenomenon in clinical practice.