Progress in study on etiology of ovarian epithelial cancer / 中国癌症杂志

Epithelial ovarian cancer, which is one of the most lethal gynecological tumors, is also the biggest dififculty in the diagnosis and treatment of obstetrics and gynecology. In addition to the lack of early clinical symptoms and effective diagnostic methods, the reason includes the lack of accurate and comprehensive understanding of the development of epithelial ovarian cancer. Thus a lot of research aimed at better grasp of its pathogenesis, which is expected in the future progress of its diagnosis and treatment. Currently, three pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer widely accepted are high gonadotropin theory, “dualism” hypothesis and stem cell hypothesis. This study discussed the theory above.

Survey on menopausal age and menstruation span in women in Pudong district of Shanghai / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate natural spontaneous menopausal age , menstruation span and their relationship with menarche age and parity in Pudong district of Shanghai. Methods From Jan 2007 to Jul 2008, 15 083 spontaneous menopause women undergoing cervical cancer screening were enrolled in this study. The questionnaire included menarche age, parity, spontaneous menopausal age and menstruation span. Those women were divided into four groups based on age, which were group of 56 -60, 61 -65, 66 -70 and more than 70. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparing difference between menopausal age and menstruation span. Multiple factor regressions was used to analyze the relationship between menarche age, parity and menopausal age and menstruation span. Results (1) Spontaneous menopausal age: the minimum was 29 years old, the maximum was 61 years old, and the mean age was (50.6 ±3.7)years old. The mean spontaneous menopause age were (50.9 ± 3.4), ( 50.7 ± 3.7 ), (50.0 ± 4.1 ), (49.6 ±4.0) years in groups of 56 -60, 61 -65, 66 -70 and more than 70 years. With the increasing age range in four groups, the increasing trends of menopausal age were observed, which the difference of 1.36 year was shown between groups of 56 - 60 and more than 70 years. (2) Menstruation span: the mean of menstruation span was (34.3 ± 4.1 ) years, which the minimal age of 12 years and maximal age of 48 years were recorded. (34.6 ± 3.8), (34.3 ± 4.1 ), (33.9 ± 4.6), (33.2 ± 4. 5) were observed in groups of 56 - 60,61 -65, 66 -70 and more than 70 years. With the increasing age range in four groups, the increasing trends of menstruation span were observed, which the difference of 1.41 year was shown between groups of 56 –60 and more than 70 years. (3)The impact of menarche age on menopausal age and menstruation span: there was no correlation between menarche age and menopausal age ( r = 0.02); however, menstruation span was found to be negatively correlated with the menarche age ( r = - 0.43 ). (4) The impact of parity on menopausal age and menstruation span: the mean menopausal age of women who had 1 -2 deliveries was significantly higher than those had no delivery or more than 3 deliveries ( P < 0.05 ). However, there was no difference in menopausal age between women with 1 and 2 deliveries or between women without delivery and more than 3 deliveries (P > 0.05). Menstruation span of women with 1 delivery was significantly longer that those with more than 1 delivery( P < 0.05 ), similarly, women with 2 deliveries had longer menstruation span than women without delivery or more than 3 deliveries(P < 0.05 ). There were no difference in menstruation span between women with more than 3 deliveries and without delivery ( P >0.05 ). (5) Multifactor regression analysis for menstruation span: menarche age was correlated with menstruation span negatively ( r = - 0.97,P <0.001 ). There was significantly different menstruation span between group of 61 -65, 66 -70 or more than 70 years and group of 56-60 (r= -0. 18, P=0.020; r= -0.78,P <0.001 and r= - 1.23,P<0.001). Menstruation span in women with 1 -2 deliveries was significantly longer than that of women without delivery or more than 3 deliveries. (6)Multifactor logistic analysis of menopausal age: there was no association between menarche age and menopausal age, however, significant differences were found in mean menopausal age between different groups, which show that menopausal age of group 56 - 60 years was significant higher than the other groups, including age-group 61 -65 years ,66 -70 years and over 70 years ( r = - 0.18, P = 0.020; r = - 0.78,P < 0.001; r = - 1.23, P < 0.001 ). Menopausal age in women with 1 - 2 deliveries was significantly higher than those of women without delivery or with more than 3 deliveries,however, no difference between women with 1 and 2 deliveries or between women without deliveries and more than 3 deliveries was observed. Conclusion (1) Menopausal age and menstruation span exhibited increasing trends in Pudong district of Shanghai. (2) Menarche age and parity were the important factors influencing menopausal age and menstruation span. (3) With younger age of menarche, the menstruation span become longer. (4) Deliveries of 1 -2 times can significantly delay the menopause and prolong menstruation span, however, the multiple deliveries ( ≥ 3 times) had no significant impact on menopausal age and menstruation span.

Expression of glyoxalase Ⅰ and its effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis in endometrial carcinoma / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To examine the expressions of glyoxalase Ⅰ (GLO-Ⅰ ) in endometrial cancer tissues and cell lines and to investigate the roles of GLO-Ⅰ on proliferation and apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells. Methods Immunohistochemistry, western blot and RT-PCR were used to investigate the expressions of GLO-Ⅰ protein and mRNA in endometrial cancer tissues and Ishikawa cell lines ;enzyme activity of GLO-Ⅰ in normal endometrium, endometrial cancer and paraneoplastic tissue samples was detected with spectrophotometer; proliferation and apoptosis of Ishikawa cell before and after RNA interference (RNAi) procedure were detected by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and flow cytometry, respectively. Results (1)There were significant differences of GLO-Ⅰ expression between normal endometrium (0/19) and endometrial cancer tissues ( 76%, 22/29 ); these were also significant differences of enzyme activity of GLO-Ⅰ among normal endometrium, paraneoplastic and endometrial cancer tissues( 1.1,0.8 vs 92.3 IU/mg; P <0.01 ). Enzyme activity of GLO-Ⅰ in fresh normal endometrium and paraneoplastic tissues was weak, while that of fresh endometrial cancer tissues was as high as 92. 3 IU/mg in average. (2)The expression of GLO-Ⅰ mRNA in Ishikawa cell transfected with GLO-Ⅰ siRNA was significantly lower than that in negative group (0.25 ± 0.06 vs 0.93 ± 0.10, P < 0.0l ), and the similar results that in the expression of GLO-Ⅰ protein (0.38 ±0.06 vs 0.94 ±0.13, P <0.01 ). (3) Proliferation in Ishikawa cell was significantly inhibited after silencing RNA expression of GLO-Ⅰ ( P = 0.028 ). The apoptosis rate of cells transfected with GLO- Ⅰ siRNA was significantly higher than that of negative control group and blank control group [ ( 6.7 ± 0.8 ) % vs ( 1.2 ± 0.4) %, ( 1.4 ± 0.4 ) %; P < 0.01 ]. Conclusion The expression and enzyme activity of GLO- Ⅰ is significantly increased in endometrial cancer, which could promote abnormal proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells.

The inhibitory effect of DLX4 RNAi on adhesion and invasion ability of choriocarcinoma cells / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose:Choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant tumor,which metastasis could occur at early stage,the molecular mechanism is still under investigation.DLX4 is a member of homeodomain transcriptional factors,and its abnormal expression has a close correlation with mammary cancer,colon caner and so on.Based on our previous study that DLX4 was highly expressed in choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cell lines,we used RNAi to knock down the expression of DLX4,and aimed to explore the effect of DLX4 on the adhesion,movement and invasion ability of choriocarcinoma cells.Methods:DLX4 siRNA and control siRNA plasmid were constructed and transfected into choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 cells with LipofectamineTM2000.JEG-3 cells that expressed high level of DLX4 siRNA and control siRNA plasmid were selected and maintained with G418.The effect of RNAi was detected by western blot,and then the adhesion,movement and invasion ability of JEG-3 cells were investigated by cell-ECM adhesion assay,Transwell chamber and Transwell-Matrigel model,respectively.Results:DLX4 RNAi inhibited DLX4 protein expression specifically and effectively.The adhesion rate of the cells in JEG-3 siDLX4 group was(30.6?4.2)%,which was significantly less than(57.2?4.0)% in JEG-3 without transfenction and(51.6?3.9)% in JEG-3 scDLX4 groups(P0.05).Conclusions:The knock-down of DLX4 by RNAi could prevent the adhesion and invasion ability of choriocarcinoma cells,which provides a new thought for further research in invasion and metastasis of choriocarcinoma.

Development of clinical and basic research in gynecological oncology / 中国癌症杂志

With the emergence of new concepts, methods and techniques in modern medicine, the basic research and clinical treatment for gynecological oncology has rapidly developed in the past couple of years. Evidence-based medicine, individualized therapy and microinvasive therapy give us more opportunities to treat the patient. Nowadays, it is possible for the clinic to implement new approaches to improve the outcome and the quality of life for the patients with minimal side effects at the same time. There has been a lot of reports from in vitro studies suggesting that gonadotrophin may play an important role in tumorigenesis, estrogen may promote tumor cell proliferation through PAX2 gene. Survivin, a protein serving as an apoptosis inhibitor, may be crucial for the regulation of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Comparison of efficacy and toxicity profile between intraperitoneal and intravenous topotecan in human ovarian cancer xenografts / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To compare the therapeutic and toxic profile of topotecan given intraperitoneally with intravenously in human ovarian cancer xenografted into athymic nude mice.Methods: Eighty female Balb-c/nu-nu mice were randomized assigned into eight groups (n=10). Xeneografts resulted from intramesentery injection of cultured human ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 in athymic mice. Onset of intraperitoneal treatment with either topotecan or cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg) was on day 7. Animals scheduled for topotecan i.p. received intraperitoneal application of topotecan (1.5 mg/kg×2, 3.0 mg/kg×2, 6.0 mg/kg×2 or 10.0 mg/kg×1). Animals scheduled for topotecan i.v. received intravenous administration of topotecan (6.0 mg/kg×2 or 10.0 mg/kg×1). Two weeks after drug application animals were killed. Tumor growth inhibition were assessed and compared with untreated mice and cisplatin intraperitoneally administered mice. Acute toxicity was determined by loss of body weight. Cell cycle division and apoptosis after drug administration was determined by flow cytometric analysis.Results: In a panel of ten tumour xenografts, intraperitoneal topotecan was significantly more effective than intravenous administration. The toxicity profile suggested a better tolerability in terms of weight loss after intraperitoneal administration than cisplatin control. Topotecan 10.0 mg/kg i.p. per day (1 day) schedule was an optimal treatment for ovarian cancer and well tolerated by mice with no signs of acute toxicity. Topotecan and cisplatin induce cells G0-G1 arrest and apparent apoptosis. No significant difference among mice treated with topotecan intraperitoneally or intravenously or cisplatin was observed in term of apoptosis and cell cycle perturbation.Conclusion:The results may have implications for the future design of clinical studies on intraperitoneal application of topotecan. It suggests that apoptosis and cell cycle perturbation play an limited role in the mechanism of topotecan administration.

Effect of progesterone combined with chemotherapy on epithelial ovarian cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify an effective auxiliary therapy for epithelial ovarian cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Progesterone acetate given at 250 mg intramuscularly twice a week for 1 month followed by increased administration to 500 mg intramuscularly every two weeks for 3 years was used in combination with platinum based chemotherapy to treat patients with epithelial ovarian cancer as a first-line therapy. Prognoses of the patients receiving progesterone combined with chemotherapy (progesterone group) and those receiving chemotherapy only (control group) were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three-year recurrence and survival conditions of the progesterone and control groups were as follows. Stage Ia: no patient relapsed or died in either group. Stage Ib-Ic: three-year recurrence rates were 14.2% and 37.5%, respectively (P = 0.2845); three-year survival rates were 92.3% and 87.5% (P = 0.7221). Stage II: 1 patient relapsed and died among the 3 patients in the progesterone group; among the 4 patients in the control group, 1 patient relapsed, none died. Stage III: three-year recurrence rates were 30.8% and 64.3%, respectively (P = 0.1170); three-year survival rates were 85.7% and 42.9%, respectively (P = 0.005). Stage IV: 4 patients relapsed and 1 patient died among the 7 patients in the progesterone group; both the patients in the control group relapsed and died.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results indicated that progesterone combined with platinum based chemotherapy as a first-line therapy may improve the prognosis of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, but would not change the prognosis of early stage epithelial ovarian cancer.</p>

Efficacy of Levovist in color Doppler ultrasonography of benign and malignant ovarian tumors / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To assess the efficacy of ultrasound contrast agent Levovist in evaluating vascularization of ovarian tumors.Methods Nineteen ovarian lesions (seven benign ovarian tumors,twelve malignant ovarian tumors) were submitted to color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) before and after i.v.Levovist for examining their vascularization,including the number of blood vessel,vessel torsion and Doppler signal enhancement. And then receiver operator characteristic(ROC) curves were established.Results Compared to benign tumors',after contrast color Doppler signals in malignant tumors enhanced obviously and character characteristic vessel morphologies were observed.Vessel numbers and tortuosity increased obviously.Doppler signal enhancement appeared earlier,arrival to peak enhancement was quicker,and duration longer.ROC showed time to commencement for the enhancement ≤50 s,time to peak ≤100 s and enhancement duration ≥400 s,at which the sensitivity and specificity were the highest.Conclusions Levovist,as a contrast agent, increases the intensity of color Doppler signals obviously,and allows a more complete display of the vascular patterns of ovarian tumor.It improves markedly the role of CDFI in the diagnosis and differentiation of ovarian tumors.

Sulindac derivative-induced apoptosis in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line ECV304 / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of sulindac metabolites on proliferation and apoptosis in the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line ECV304 in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The proliferation profile of ECV304 was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method. Cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and the ultrastructure of ECV304 were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and electron microscopy, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MTT assay showed that the sulfide inhibited the proliferation of ECV304 and its effect was dose-dependent; the IC(50) was 200 micromol/L. FCM showed that the sulfide changed cell cycle distribution. The cell cycle distribution was as follows: G(1) phase (control group 77.74% +/- 1.58%; sulfone group 75.63% +/- 2.12%; sulfide group 46.12% +/- 1.60%); S phase (control group 13.64% +/- 1.22%; sulfone group 16.40 +/- 2.30%; sulfide group 27.26% +/- 2.08%); G(2)-M phase (control group 8.61% +/- 0.67%; sulfone group 7.98% +/- 0.49%; sulfide group 26.62% +/- 3.54%). The apoptosis rates in the control group, sulfone group and sulfide group were 6.08% +/- 3.39%, 4.81% +/- 2.14% and 51.90% +/- 5.67%, respectively. Sulfide reduced the proportion of G(1) phase, increased the proportion of S phase, G(2)-M phase and the apoptosis rate significantly (P < 0.01, vs control). In the sulfide-treated cells, there were nuclear fragmentation and chromosomal condensation, shrinkage of the cell and loss of contact with neighboring cells. Apoptotic bodies were observed. Sulfone showed no effect on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution or cell morphology.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Sulfide can significantly reduce the proliferation of ECV304, change the cell cycle distribution and arrest cells in G(2)-M phase where apoptosis may be induced. Sulfone has no such effects on this cell line.</p>

Induction of apoptosis by TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in human ovarian cancer cells / 中国癌症杂志

Purpose:Our study is to find out the inhibitory action of recombinant human TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL) on ovarian cancer cell line cultured in vitro. Methods:MTT was applied to assay the inhibiting action of various concentration of TRAIL on two ovarian cancer cell lines of 3AO and HO-8910.The apoptosis rates were measured by flow cytometry. Results:The growth of human ovarian cancer cells was effectively inhibited by TRAIL. A clear dose- and time-dependent correlation between TRAIL concentration and the degree of apoptosis induction was observed with up to 43.20% apoptotic cells after 24 h of incubation with 50 ng/ml TRAIL. The cells assumed typical cell apoptosis configuration. Conclusions:TRAIL can effectively inhibit the growth of ovarian cancer cells and induce apoptosis of the cells.

Inhibitory effects of antisense Snail on invasion and migration of ovarian carcinoma cells / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of Snail—— a zinc finger transcription factor, anti-sense plasmid on the invasion of ovary carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Methods Four human ovarian carcinoma cell lines ES-2,OVCAR3,HO8910,HO8910PM were analyzed for the expression of Snail and E-cadherin mRNA by RT-PCR.Then anti-Snail plasmid transfection was introduced into HO8910 cells using lipofectin 2000 reagent to investigate the inverse correlation between E-cadherin and Snail expression, and the inhibitory effects of anti-sense Snail were also detected by Transwell motility assay and Matrigel invasion assay. Results The results demonstrated the presence of Snail mRNA in ES-2,HO8910,HO8910PM detected by RT-PCR. By contrast, E-cadherin mRNA was only detected in OVCAR3 by RT-PCR.The inverse relationships were further observed by transient transfection of anti-sense Snail into HO8910 cells, which showed the down-regulated expression of Snail and the re-expression of E-cadherin. The Snail mRNA levels were 0.897?0.005,0.865?0.010,0.338?0.014 after 0,24,48 h of transfection and that of E-cadherin were 0,0.130?0.001,0.217?0.005 respectively, the difference was significant between different time points (P

Expression of glucose transporter-1 and its correlation with basic fibroblast growth factor and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in epithelial ovarian neoplasm / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To study the expression of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT_1) and its correlation with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in epithelial ovarian neoplasm. Methods Streptavidin-peroxidase complex technique was used to examine the expression of GLUT_1, bFGF and PCNA protein in six cases of normal ovarian tissue, 20 cases of benign epithelial tumors, seven cases of borderline tumor and 44 cases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Results In normal ovary and benign ovarian tumor, GLUT_1 was not detected,but in borderline ovarian tumor and cancer, the positive expression ratio of GLUT_1 was 6/7 and 91%(40/44), respectively. The intensity of GLUT_1 in ovarian epithelial neoplasm was significantly higher than in borderline tumors. The staining intensity of GLUT_1 was significantly correlated with the histological grade of the tumor (r_S=0.499, P=0.001), and was positively correlated with the clinical stage, cancer invasion and lymph node metastasis. GLUT_1 staining was intense in cytoplasmic membrane, and was stronger in areas far away from blood vessels and near the necrotic center. GLUT_1 expression level did not show any association with histology type (P=0.513). bFGF positive rate in tumor was 57%(25/44). The staining intensity of GLUT_1 was significantly higher in bFGF positive group than in bFGF negative group (P

Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1? expression and tumor growth in SKOV3 ovarian cancer model by sirolimus / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, sirolimus on expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1? protein and growth of ovarian carcinoma in an athymic mouse xenogeneic transplant model of ovarian cancer. Methods Four groups of female nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously with SKOV3 cells. After inoculation, mice were treated with saline, rapamycin alone, paclitaxel alone and sirolimus+paclitaxel. In each tumor protein expressions of HIF-1?,bcl-2 and apoptosis were determined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Results In sirolimus and sirolimus +paclitaxel groups protein expression of HIF-1? was inhibited. Tumor burden in rapamycin alone, sirolimus +paclitaxel, and paclitaxel alone was reduced by 47.9%( P 0.05) respectively compared with controls. Cell apoptosis inder in sirolimus alone(36), sirolimus +paclitaxel(40), paclitaxel alone(22),increased compared with control(15), while expression of bcl-2 decreased compared with control. Conclusion Sirolimus inhibited protein expression of HIF-1?, increased tumor apoptosis and decreased tumor growth.

Experimental study on sulindac metabolites-induced apoptosis on human umbilical vein endothelial cell line ECV304 / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of sulindac metabolites on the proliferation and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cell line ECV304 in vitro Methods The proliferation of ECV304 was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method The cell cycle, apoptosis and the ultrastructure of ECV304 were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and electron microscopy respectively Results MTT assay showed that sulfide inhibited the proliferation of ECV304, and the effects was dose dependent, the 50% inhibiting concentration (IC 50 ) was 200 ?mol/L FCM showed that sulfide changed cell cycle distribution, the cell cycle were: Go G 1 phase [control group (77 7?1 6)%, sulfone group (75 6?2 1)%, sulfide group (46 1?1 6)%] S phase [control group (13 6?1 2)%, sulfone group (16 4?2 3)%, sulfide group (27 3?2 1)%], G 2 M phase [control group (8 6?0 7)%, sulfone group (8 0?0 5)%, sulfide group (26 6?3 5)% ] The apoptosis rates in control group, sulfone group and sulfide group were (6 1?3 4)%, (4 8?2 1)% and (51 9?5 7)%, respectively Compared with the control group, sulfide can reduce the proportion of G 1 phase, increase the proportion of S phase and G 2 M phase significantly ( P

Experimental study on resistance to cisplatin and taxol in human ovarian cancer SKOV3ip1 multicellular aggregates / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer SKOV3ip1 multicellular aggregates to cisplatin and taxol and to explore the possible mechanisms accounting for the effect Methods Liquid overlay system was employed to obtain multicellular aggregates (MCA) We detected the resistance with trypan blue exclusion testing, clonogenic assay, cell cycle profiles and apoptosis with flow cytometry Results MCA cells showed higher cell viability than monolayer cells ( P =0 045 and P =0 003, respectively). After 40 ?mol/L cisplatin exposure for 12 hours, no clone (≥50 cells) was formed After 10 ?mol/L taxol exposure for 12 hours, the clone formation showed significant difference in 100 cell group between multicellular aggregates and monolayer cells ( P

Relationship of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 ? expression and vascular endothelial growth factor in SKOV-3 ovarian cancer model / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1? and va scular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or micro-vessel density ( MVD). Methods The ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 was transplanted into nude mice to form xenog eneic tumor. Mice were treated with rapamycin 4mg/kg,sulindac 100 mg/(kg.d) a nd saline 200 ?l respectively. Expression of HIF-1? and VEGF proteins and MV D were determined by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA of Glut1 and VEGF was studi ed by RT-PCR. Results The positive expression of HIF-1? and VEGF was moderate to strong, and MVD was high (31?8) in control group. In rapamycin treated group, the expression of H IF-1? was inhibited to weak positive or negative (P

Peripheral blood CD~+_(34)-positive mononuclear cells participate in neovasculogenesis of human ovarian epithelial carcinoma / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To observe whether endothelial cell (EC) progenitors (CD~+_(34)-positive mononuclear cells) participated in neovasculogenesis of ovarian epithelial carcinoma through in vitro and in vivo experiments, and to explore the mechanism of tumor neovasculogenesis. Methods CD~+_(34)-positive mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood of ovarian epithelial carcinoma patients by means of magnetic beads coated with antibody to CD~+_(34), plated on culture dishes coated with human fibronectin in endothelium medium, and examined by using RT-PCR, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and nitric oxide (NO) assay kit for the expression of EC lineage-markers. EC-like cells were labeled with DiI ex vivo, and injected into immunodeficiency mice model with transplanted hypodermic SKOV3 by caudal vein. After 4-6 weeks, the tumor was resected and examined by confocal microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Results In vitro, CD~+_(34)-positive mononuclear cells differentiated into ECs. In animal models of SKOV3, EC progenitors (CD~+_(34)-positive mononuclear cells) incorporated into sites of neovasculogenesis in tumor, 4-6 weeks later DiI-labeled cells incorporated into capillaries and small arteries. Conclusions The neovasculogenesis in human ovarian epithelial carcinoma involves angiogenesis and vasculogenesis.

Diversity of angiogenesis in ovarian carcinoma / 中国病理生理杂志

The growth and spread of malignant neoplasms largely depend on angiogenesis.Recent studies demonstrate that a various types of neovascularization including angiogenesis,vasculogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry exist in a few highly aggressive tumors.Ovarian carcinoma is the leading cause of death in gynecologic malignancy.Here,we review the effect of angiogenesis,vasculogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry in development and spread of ovarian carcinoma.