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Objective:To investigate the impact of abnormal patterns of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the second trimester on the risk of large for gestational age (LGA) newborn deliveries.Methods:General clinical data and OGTT results of 66 290 pregnant women who received regular prenatal care and delivered in Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital from December 24, 2016 to July 26, 2022 were collected. According to the results of OGTT, the pregnant women were divided into 8 groups: normal blood glucose group (normal fasting blood glucose, 1-hour and 2-hour after oral glucose, 54 518 cases), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) 0 group (only abnormal fasting blood glucose, 1 430 cases), GDM 1 group (only abnormal blood glucose at 1-hour after oral glucose, 2 150 cases), GDM 2 group (only abnormal blood glucose at 2-hour after oral glucose, 3 736 cases), GDM 0+1 group (both fasting blood glucose and 1-hour after oral glucose were abnormal, 371 cases), GDM 0+2 group (both fasting blood glucose and 2-hour after oral glucose were abnormal, 280 cases), GDM 1+2 group (abnormal blood glucose at 1-hour and 2-hour after oral glucose, 2 981 cases) and GDM 0+1+2 group (abnormal fasting blood glucose, 1-hour and 2-hour after oral glucose, 824 cases). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of different abnormal OGTT patterns on LGA. In addition, the blood glucose measurements at the three time points of OGTT were combined and used as continuous variables in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the predictive value of each blood glucose measurement mode for LGA and the area under the curve (AUC) was compared.Results:(1) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risks of LGA were significantly increased in GDM 0 group ( OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.50-2.08; P<0.001), GDM 0+1 group ( OR=2.29, 95% CI: 1.72-3.04; P<0.001), and GDM 0+1+2 group ( OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.61-2.43; P<0.001). (2) ROC curve analysis showed that fasting blood glucose, 1-hour after oral glucose, 2-hour after oral glucose, fasting+1-hour after oral glucose, fasting+2-hour after oral glucose, 1-hour+2-hour after oral glucose, and fasting+1-hour+2-hour after oral glucose had certain predictive value for LGA (all P<0.001). The AUC of fasting blood glucose measurement was higher than that of 2-hour blood glucose measurement in predicting LGA, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the AUC between fasting blood glucose and other blood glucose measurement modes for predicting LGA (all P>0.05). Conclusions:In the abnormal OGTT patterns, pregnant women with abnormal fasting blood glucose, abnormal fasting+1-hour after oral glucose, and abnormal fasting+1-hour+2-hour after oral glucose have an increased risk of LGA. Fasting blood glucose measurement is of great significance for the prediction of LGA, and could be used as an optimal indicator to evaluate the risk of LGA in clinical practice.
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This paper reviews the history of traditional Chinese medicine powder from germination, birth, prosperity to the clinical application, which is gradually reduced. And it enumerates the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine powder taken orally, external application. The powder preparation process are outlined, summarizes the preparation results including crushing, drying, mixing, taste masking and inhibition of volatilization, sterilization with combining innovation and advice of researchers in the process of powder research. It discussed the main problems of restricting large-scale production that running through preparation, quality standard, clinical application (such as dependence of patients) of powder. Then, it forecasted that more and more hospitals and families will use traditional Chinese medicine powder to relieve pain of patients, in order to enhance the level of preparation and quality control, boosting the normalization and standardization of powder.
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Objective To investigate the association between maternal body height and risk of preterm birth.Methods A total of 11 311 pregnant women who gave birth of live singletons were recruited from the Healthy Baby Cohort Study in Hubei province,China from September 2012 to October 2014.Finally 11 070 pregnant women were selected as study subjects.Data were collected by using questionnaires,their prenatal care records and medical records.The women were divided into 4 groups according to the quartiles distribution (＜158 cm,158-cm,160-cm,and ＞164 cm).Gestational age was estimated according to maternal last menstrual time.Preterm birth was defined as delivering a live singleton infant at 28-37 weeks' gestational age.Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95％ confidence intervals (CI) for the association between body height and preterm birth.Results Among the 11 070 pregnant women,the incidence of preterm birth was 5.9％.Logistic regression analysis indicated that women in group with body height ＜ 158 cm had 46％ (OR=-1.46,95％CI:1.16-1.83) higher risk of giving preterm birth than those in group with body height ＞ 164 cm after adjustment for potential confounders.Every 1-cm increase in body height was associated with 3％ lower risk of preterm birth (OR=0.97,95％CI:0.95-0.99).Conclusion Shorter body height was a risk factor for preterm birth.It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring in pregnant women with short body height to reduce the risk of preterm birth.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between weight change and the changes in blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid profiles in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people.@*Methods@#All participants were from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study. The study included 16 606 middle-aged and elderly Chinese people with complete information in the baseline survey in 2008 and the first follow-up survey in 2013. We collected the data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, history of diseases and medication, and the results of medical health examinations, including height, weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles. We divided the weight change into five groups, moderate or above weight loss (<-8.0%), slight weight loss (-8.0%, -3.1%), weight maintenance (-3.0%, 3.0%), slight weight increased (3.1%, 8.0%), and moderate or above weight increased (>8.0%). Generalized linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between weight change and the changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG). Subgroup analyses were used to explore the influences of gender, age and baseline BMI level on the relationship between weight change and the above-mentioned metabolic indicators.@*Results@#The average age of participants in baseline survey was (62.19±7.28) years with a range of 45 to 89 years. During the five-year period, there were 18.86% (2 633), 28.03% (4 655), 35.87% (5 956), 13.96% (2 319), 6.28% (1 043) people with moderate or above weight loss, slight weight loss, weight maintenance, slight weight increased, and moderate or above weight increased, respectively. Regression analyses showed that body weight change were positively correlated with changes in SBP, DBP, FBG, TC, LDL-C and TG, and negatively correlated with change in HDL-C (all linear trend P values were<0.05); As every 10% of weight changed, the β (95%CI) of changes in SBP (mmHg) (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), DBP (mmHg), FBG (mmol/L), TC (mmol/L), LDL-C (mmol/L), HDL-C (mmol/L) and TG (mmol/L) were 4.94 (4.32, 5.55), 2.50 (2.11, 2.88), 0.05 (0.02, 0.08), 0.13 (0.11, 0.16), 0.14 (0.12, 0.16), -0.05 (-0.07, -0.04) and 0.16 (0.14, 0.18), respectively. Furthermore, subgroup analyses showed that weight change can lead to greater changes in blood pressure in older and overweight or obesity elderly people (all P for interaction<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Weight loss was beneficial for middle-aged and elderly people to improve the blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid profiles, regardless of the weight at the baseline, while weight gain was not.
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Objective: To investigate the association between maternal body height and risk of preterm birth. Methods: A total of 11 311 pregnant women who gave birth of live singletons were recruited from the Healthy Baby Cohort Study in Hubei province, China from September 2012 to October 2014. Finally 11 070 pregnant women were selected as study subjects. Data were collected by using questionnaires, their prenatal care records and medical records. The women were divided into 4 groups according to the quartiles distribution (<158 cm, 158- cm, 160- cm, and >164 cm). Gestational age was estimated according to maternal last menstrual time. Preterm birth was defined as delivering a live singleton infant at 28-37 weeks' gestational age. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between body height and preterm birth. Results: Among the 11 070 pregnant women, the incidence of preterm birth was 5.9%. Logistic regression analysis indicated that women in group with body height <158 cm had 46% (OR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.16-1.83) higher risk of giving preterm birth than those in group with body height >164 cm after adjustment for potential confounders. Every 1- cm increase in body height was associated with 3% lower risk of preterm birth (OR=0.97, 95%CI: 0.95-0.99). Conclusion: Shorter body height was a risk factor for preterm birth. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring in pregnant women with short body height to reduce the risk of preterm birth.
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Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Body Height , China/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Gestational Age , Incidence , Odds Ratio , Premature Birth/epidemiology , Prenatal Care , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
This paper was aimed to study the moisture adsorption of Chinese herbal medicine ingredients at different environment.The film mass transfer model and Fick's second law were applied to evaluate the moisture diffusion for Chinese herbal medicine ingredients.The results showed that under the temperature of 25℃ and 50％ relative humidity,the diffusion coefficient of 13 medicine ingredients reached the highest.The diffusivity was controlled by film mass transfer.However,both film mass transfer and Fick's second law can be existed at the same time under different temperature and humidity.It was concluded that the diffusion of water in the traditional Chinese medicine might have been driven by a variety of diffusion mechanism,which was obviously affected by environmental factors.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the prevalence and characteristics of childhood adverse experiences among adults aged 18-59 years and understand the association between childhood adverse experiences and risk of chronic diseases in adulthood.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional study was conducted with a questionnaire among adults aged 18-59 years selected through cluster random sampling from 3 communities in Macheng, Hubei province. Uinivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between adverse experiences in childhood and the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 1 767 adults aged 18-59 years were surveyed and 1 501 valid questionnaires were returned. The average age was (36.32± 10.20) years for males and (35.72±9.08) years for females. The prevalence rate of childhood adverse experiences was 66.22%. The risk of chronic disease in adults increased with the increase of the score indicating childhood adverse experiences (Z=-5.902 1, P<0.000 1). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being physically abused (OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.41-2.64), substance abuse in family (OR=2.82, 95% CI: 1.16-6.80), being bullied (OR=2.59, 95% CI: 1.39-4.80) and parents separation/divorce (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.09-2.09) were significantly associated with risk of chronic diseases in adulthood.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of adverse childhood experiences was high in adults aged 18-59 years, which was significantly associated with the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. Early prevention of chronic diseases should be conducted in childhood.</p>
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Objective To investigate the influential factors on congenital gastrointestinal malformation and to provide evidences for prevention.Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted among infants with or without congenital gastrointestinal malformation at Children's hospital of Hunan province,from April 2011 to August 2012.Parents of 120 cases with congenital gastrointestinal malformation and another 170 controls were asked to fill in a questionnaire.Data was analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software.Results Congenital gastrointestinal malformation was associated with intakes of maternal medication (OR=3.35,95％CI:1.51-7.41) and folic acid (OR=0.28,95％CI:0.15-0.52),exposure to paints (OR=5.05,95％CI:1.32-19.29) and pesticides (OR=15.20,95％CI:1.55-148.99) prior to or during pregnancy,and also associated with medication intake of the father (OR=3.70,95％CI:1.13-12.10),smoking (OR=2.39,95％CI:1.24-4.62),drinking alcohol (OR=2.47,95％CI:1.20-5.07),exposure to the agents for indoor cleaning (OR=16.42,95％ CI:1.71-157.92) and exposure to paints (OR=9.92,95％ CI:2.66-36.98) before conception.Conclusion Congenital gastrointestinal malformation was affected by multiple factors.Potential risk factors for congenital gastrointestinal malformation would include intakes of medication by the pregnant mother,exposure to paints exposure and pesticide exposure before or during pregnancy,and medication intake by the father,smoking,drinking alcohol,exposure to indoor cleaning agents/paint before conception.The amount of folic acid intake by mother before or during pregnancy was likely to reduce the risk for congenital gastrointestinal malformation.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes of the in vitro and in vivo material base of Shaoyao Gancao decoction (SGD) based on HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS, and confirm the migrational constituents in plasma.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Kormasil C18, (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm with protection column) was employed; acetonitrile and 0.5% acetic acid/water was used as mobile phase for gradient elution, flow rate was set at 0.8 mL x m min(-1), column temperature was 25 degrees C, and methanol was used to remove the protein. A LCQdeca mass spectrometer system equipped with an electrospray ionization iontrap source was used as the detector and operated in the positive ion mode. Ions was scanned from the m/z 100 to m/z 1000, and characteristic ion were secondary schizolysised to obtain data of second order MS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The main constitutes of SGD were peoniflorin, Catechin-5-O-glucoside, albiflorin, liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid etc, and glucosides were found in the plasma samples of rats administered with SGD, which were glucuronide conjunctions of liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology provides a convenient and high speed method to analyze the migrational constituents of plasma of rats administered with SGD, therefore, it has a good value in studies on the changes in the material base of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Blood Chemical Analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacokinetics , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To apply Fuzzy mathematical methods to choose the best taste modifying prescription of oral solution of traditional Chinese drug.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Jin-Fukang oral solution was used as a model drug. The oral solution was prepared in different taste modifying prescriptions, whose tastes were evaluated by the fuzzy quality synthetic evaluation system.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compound-sweeteners with Sucralose and Erythritol was the best choice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fuzzy integrated evaluation can be used to evaluate the taste of traditional Chinese medicinal pharmaceuticals, which overcame the artificial factors and achieve more objective conclusion.</p>
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Humans , Administration, Oral , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Fuzzy Logic , Models, Biological , Sweetening Agents , Pharmacology , TasteABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influence of different technique process and prescription on hygroscopic property of pharmaceutical materials of traditional Chinese medecine (TCM) was studied.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The sample prepared with banlangen and different excipients had been put in certain suroundings for 24 hours, then the hygroscopic curves and their parameters of hydroscopicity were gotten; the influence of that on hygscopic property of banlangen was studied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The optimized damp-proof materials was polyoxylate II. The damp-proof effect enhanced with the increase of temperature and the excipient the decrease of and concentration of ethanol.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Excipients have different effect on hyproscopic property of banlangen, and the damp-proof technology has direct effect on it.</p>