Analysis of Random Amplicied Polyorphic DNA (RAPD) for Sporothrix schenckii and Related Fungi / 대한의진균학회지

BACKGROUND: Sporotrichosis is a common deep cutaneous fungal disease caused by Sporothtix (S.) schenckii. The recent development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, in particular, arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) or random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), has greatly enhanced the molecular detection and identification of various pathogenic agents, including fungi. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to differentiate Sporothrix schenckii, and related fungi such as S. schenckii var. luriei, S. flocculosa, S. nivea, Ophiostoma stenoceras, and clinical isolates on the basis of distinct DNA band patterns in the RAPD. METHODS: S. schendcii, S. schenckii var. luriei, S. flocculosa, S. nivea, Ophiostoma stenoceras from ATCC and KCCM, and clinical 10 isolates from Chonnam University Hospital were used for RAPD analysis. For RAPD, 3 random primers were used. Genomic DNA was extracted by Liu method. Amplification reactions were performed in volumes of 50 microL containing 10 mM Tris-HCI (pH 8.3), 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 0.1% Triton X-100, 200microM dNTP mixture, 40 pM primer, 1 U of Taq polymerase, DNA 20 ng. RESULTS: 3 decamers (5'-TGCCGAGCTG-3', 5'-AGTCAGCCAC-3', 5'-AATCGGGCTG-3') are generated in the RAPD, distinct DNA products from S. schenckii forming characteristic band patterns upon gel electrophoresis. Each random primer amplified characteristic same band patterns in DNA from clinical 8 isolates among 10 isolates, 2 isolates have different DNA band patterns. These results suggest of being a Sporothrix anamorph different from S. schenckii in Korea. CONCLUSION: With 2 random primers (5'-TGCCGAGCTG-3', 5'-AGTCAGCCAC-3') S. schenckii and related fungi investigated produced distinct DNA band patterns on gel electrophoresis. The RAPD was a very valuable laboratory method for identification of S. schenckii isolates.

The Study on the Ultraviolet-B Blocking Effect of Sunscreens in the Epidermal Langerhans Cells of Hairless Mice

BACKGROUND: Sunscreens have been used widely to prevent the photosensitive skin diseases, skin cancer, and skin aging. However, no sunscreen blocks all kinds of effects caused by ultraviolet light(UVL), and the effect of sunscreens on the impairment of immune function by UVL irradiation is controversial. OBJECTIVE: We try to evaluate the efficiency of sunscreens for blocking the depletion of LC induced by UVB irradiation. METHOD: The ATPase positive LCs were observed in the skin of hairless mice(Hr+/Kud) irradiated by UVB with or without topical application of sunscreens. Two commercially available sunscreens with respective SPF 8 and SPF 30 were applied to the dorsal trunk skin. The mice were irradiated with different increasing doses of UVB at a single time. RESULTS: The ATPase positive LCs in the irradiated dorsal and ear skin were significantly de-creased in densities according to the dosage, and apparently revealed a loss of their dendrites, granulation, and clumping from a UVB dose of more than 60mJ/Cm2. With both sun-screen treatment on the dorsal trunk before irradiation, the densities of LCs on the dorsal skin were significantly higher compared to the un-treated groups at all ranges of UVB doses in spite of a dose dependent decrease in their density. However there was no significant difference on their preventive effect between both sunscreens(SPF 8 and SPF 30) except at high UVB dos-es of more than 240mJ/Cm². CONCLUSION: The LC depletion induced by UVB can be partially protected through the topical application of a sunscreen at a UVB dose dependent fashion. However SPF(sun protective factor) dose not appear to be a good indicator for evaluating sunscreens immunologically.

Age - Related Changes of Glycosaminoglycan in Senescence - Accelerated Mouse ( SAM ) Skin / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: The various manifestations of intrinsic cutaneous aging may reflect the age-related changes of dermal ground aubstances, the important components of the dermis. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to observe whether there is any age-relsted change, quantitatively and qualitatively, in dermal glycosaminoglycan(GAG) METHODS: The Senescence-A.ccelerated-Mice(SAM) strain "Prone" to develop senescence(P/8), aged 4 days(P-Y a group, n=5) and 4 months old (P-0 group, n=5) were used, with SAM strain Resistance to senescence (R/1), aged 4 montha old (R-0 group, n=5). The whole skin of SAM was incubated in 0.1 sodium phosphate buffer(NaPB), 2M guanidine-HC1, and 4M guanidine-HCl, sequencially, for the extractiop of GAG. The amount of GAG was measured by using alcian blue and by methylene blue metachrometic assay. Uronic acid(UA) was estimate l employing carbazole reaction. Extracted skin protein profiles were analyed by SDS-PAGE. RESULTS: 1. The total contents of GAG per wet weight of skin, as measured uairq, alcian blue, was highter in R-0 group than R-Y and P-Y group, which is statistically significant. 2. The methylene blue metaehromatic assay yielded highter absorbance values in 2M guanidine-HCl extract than NaPB ext:racts. 3. The total contents of UA decreased with aging in R strains, buttriking increase was noted in the P strain. 4. On SDS-PAGE, the protein profiles of NaPB extracts showed similarity to serum protein. 125 kDa protein band was noted only in guanidine-HCl extracts. 37.40kDa protein bands were appeared in 2M, 4M guanicline-HCl extract of R-0 group. But. there was no significant difference in both strains. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that macromolecules, such as GAG, is one of the target molecules of the cutaneous eging process, and these change muy be related to the age-related changes of dermal water content.

Age - Related Changes of Glycosaminoglycan in Senescence - Accelerated Mouse ( SAM ) Skin / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: The various manifestations of intrinsic cutaneous aging may reflect the age-related changes of dermal ground aubstances, the important components of the dermis. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to observe whether there is any age-relsted change, quantitatively and qualitatively, in dermal glycosaminoglycan(GAG) METHODS: The Senescence-A.ccelerated-Mice(SAM) strain "Prone" to develop senescence(P/8), aged 4 days(P-Y a group, n=5) and 4 months old (P-0 group, n=5) were used, with SAM strain Resistance to senescence (R/1), aged 4 montha old (R-0 group, n=5). The whole skin of SAM was incubated in 0.1 sodium phosphate buffer(NaPB), 2M guanidine-HC1, and 4M guanidine-HCl, sequencially, for the extractiop of GAG. The amount of GAG was measured by using alcian blue and by methylene blue metachrometic assay. Uronic acid(UA) was estimate l employing carbazole reaction. Extracted skin protein profiles were analyed by SDS-PAGE. RESULTS: 1. The total contents of GAG per wet weight of skin, as measured uairq, alcian blue, was highter in R-0 group than R-Y and P-Y group, which is statistically significant. 2. The methylene blue metaehromatic assay yielded highter absorbance values in 2M guanidine-HCl extract than NaPB ext:racts. 3. The total contents of UA decreased with aging in R strains, buttriking increase was noted in the P strain. 4. On SDS-PAGE, the protein profiles of NaPB extracts showed similarity to serum protein. 125 kDa protein band was noted only in guanidine-HCl extracts. 37.40kDa protein bands were appeared in 2M, 4M guanicline-HCl extract of R-0 group. But. there was no significant difference in both strains. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that macromolecules, such as GAG, is one of the target molecules of the cutaneous eging process, and these change muy be related to the age-related changes of dermal water content.

Detection of Mycobacterium leprae DNA Using Nested - PCR from Paraffin - embedded Tissue Samples / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of paucibacillary leprosy is difficult owing to lack of sensitive diagnostic tools. Recently, several investigators have studied the use of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to detect Mycobacterium leprae. Using nested-PCR the sensitivity and specificity of DNA amplification is considerably improved. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of investigation is to assess the efficacy to nested-PCR which is applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies material of patients with leprosy. METHODS: Biopsy samples were taken from patients with lepromatous(11 patients) and tuberculoid (10 patients) leprosy, fixed in formalin, and embedded in paraffin. The DNA from samples was extracted and amplified through 25 cycles by using the outside pairs of primer(L1 and L2). The second amplification was allowed to proceed through 15 cycles using inside pairs of primer(L3 and L4). RESULTS: All twenty one samples showed 347-base-pair products. To confirm that the 347-bp product did correspond to the expected portion of the M. leprae groEL gene, the amplified product was digested with Pst I. Pst I digestion yielded 254-and 93-bp fragments, as predicted from the sequence of the M. leprae gene. The sensitivity was that a single organism was identified by nested-PCR. CONCLUSION: The nested-PCR is sensitive, specific, and simple diagnostic tool for leprosy.

Membrane - bound Cathepsin B - like Protease Activity in Malignant Skin Tumors / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Malignant skin tumor cells derived from epidemal keratinocyte penetrate the basement membrane to proliferate in dermal interstitial strozirarnd invade surrounding tissue and finally metastasize to distant organs. In this stage of invaiac a and metastsis, the existence of proteolytic enzymes, which are capable of degrading the tissue barrier composed primarily of collagen, elastin, glycoproteins and proteoglycans, is imagnant. One of theses enzymes, cathepsin B, a lysosomal thiol protease, has been reported to ie ound in association with plasma membrane in animal and human tumors and to be releasec b tumor cells. OBJECT: We assayed the cathepsin B activities of squamo is cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma in order to investigate the correlation between the degree of cathepsin B activities and invasiveness or metastatic potential of skin tumors. METHODS: Cathepsin B-like protease activity was measurec by the method of Hirao using a synthetic substrate, Z-Phe-Arg-MCA. The skin tissues (penie Koreskin for control, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma tumor masses) were homogenized and their subcellular organelles were fractionated by centrifugation. Each of the fractionated preparations were used as enzyme solution. RESULTS: Cathepsin B-lilke activities were found mainly in the membrane fractions in all the samples. The activities of squamous cell carcinoma (12.484+1.904) and basal cell carcinoma (10.598+1.926) were higber than those of the control skin (9.115+0.815). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that membrane-bound conrt epsin B-like protease participates in local dissolution of the extracellular matrices and were ar endothelial cells to be able to make metastasis to other remote organ during the invasivest ges of malignant skin tumors.

A study on the changes of sebaceous gland activity during aging by analysis of skin surface lipids / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: The human sebaceous glands have long been known to change their activity with aging. Downing and his co-workers state that the ratio of wax ester/cholesterol+cholesterol ester in the skin surface lipids might be a good index for sebaceous gland acti ity. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of aging on the sebaceous gland activity and relative skin surface lipid composition by using thin layer chromatography. METHOD: Skin surface lipids of anterior chest from 65 healthy Korean indivisuals were collected by using the cup method. Skin surface lipid were separated and meaurd by thin layer chromatographic analysis. RESULTS: The sebaceous gland activity, vrhich was expressed by tlie ratio wax ester/[cholesterol+cholesterol ester] showed a ilistinct change from infancy to senescenc. The curve of the ratio makes a peak in the third decade and decreases with advancing age. CONCLUSION: This result disclosed that sebaceous gland activity iaifected by advancing age in Koreans and can be used as one of the biologic markers of aging.

Morphological and biochemical alteration by ultraviolet B irradiation in hairless mouse / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: It is well known that ultraviolet light(UVL) may cause skin cancer, decrease immune function and promote skin ageing. It is also known that an increase of chlorofluorocabons as air pollution, which csuses the depletion of ozone of the earth in ihe atmosphere, enables harmful ultraviolet-B(UVB) to reaeh the surface of the earth more easily: The purpose of this study is to determine the harmful effect of UVB on the skin by observing coicurrently the morphologieal snd biochemical changes in the UVB irradiated skin. OBJECTIVE: The animal used was the hairless mouse(Hr+/Kud) which are considered to be the most suitable for a UVB irradiation experiment. The Fluorescent sunlamp(Toshiba FL, 20SE, Toshiba electrie Co., Tokyo, Japan) was used as a source of UVB. METHOD: The skin of the back and ear was irradiated by an increasing doses of UVB. In morphological changes, the slteration in keratinocytes and Langerhans cells in cell number and morphology were observed. In biochemical changes, activities of tte superoxide dismutase and eatalsse, which scsvanges reactive oxygen species(O and H) producec in the skin by UVB irradistion were assayed. RESULT: Sunburn cells appeared st 60mJ/cm of UVB and increased in number in proportion to the UVB irradiation with dose dependent pattern. The Langerhans cell decreased in number in proportion to UVB irrsdiation in dose dependent manner(half maximum dose was 60mJ/cm), and was not found at 1J/cm. The morphological changes of the Langerhans cells, such as a loss of dendrites and granulation, were noticed at 60mJ/cm of UVB irradiation. The enzyme activity of catalase decreased in proportion to UVB irradiation. The enzyme activity of SOD was not changed by UVB irradiation, however, it significantly increased at 1000mJ/cm UVB irradiation. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that UVB irradiation to the skin causes a reduction in the immune funetion and alters the normal biochemical function of the skin.

Chronological Observation of an AIDS Patient from Onset to Death and Post-mortem Autopsy Study

The ‘32-year-old sailor’ patient was a native Korean male, infected with HIV through heterosexual contacts in the high risk areas of foreign country, mostly during. 1984 to 1986. During the following 6-months until his death, the skin nodules suggesting Kaposi's sarcoma, and penile ulcers like chancroid were gradually disappeared. Several skin diseases such as condyloma accuminatum, generalized xeiosis of the skin, acquired icthyosis, seborfheic dermatitis, diffuse hair loss and alopecia developed. His health gradually deteriorated with general symptom such as weakness, weight loss, remAtmt mild fever cough with sputum, and dyspnea with frequent pneumonia signs. The tongue became coated white and thick in which candida albicans was detected, and sore throat and dysphagia accompanied. The patients expired suddenly with acute respiratory distress syndrome, which was may be caused by a opportunistic infection of Pneumocystis carinii. In post-mortem autopsy studies, most of the lung tissue showed the findings of severe interstitial pneumonia and hyaline membrane formation, and pneumocystis cadnii and candida albicans were found in histopathological or micorbiological examination. As other infections, add fast bacilli suggesting Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare were found out in the lymph node, spleen, liver. Cytomegalovirus infection was found on the adrenal gland by histopathological examination. And various lymphoid tissue of the lymph node, spleen, thymus, respiratory tract, gastomtestinal tracts showed severe lymphoid depletion with fibrosis. The other findings had multiple glial nodules in the cerebral white matter and focal segmental glomerulosderosm There wasr t any evidence of Kaposi's sarcoma.

Immunohistochemical obervation of EGF,TGF - alpha and EGF-R in psoriatic epidermis / 대한피부과학회지

Epidermal growth factor(KGF) and transforming growth factor arpha(TGF-a) are polypeptides of 53 amd 50 amino acid residuies. Both bind to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGR-R) leading to phosphorylation of the receptor, enhancement of its tyrosine-specific kinase activity and ultimately to stimulation of cell growth. To study he role of EGF, TGF-a, and EGF-R in differentiation and hyperproliferation of cell, we se lected psoriasis vulgaris, because the affected keratinocyte may house both an abnormally increased proliferative capacity and an abnormally differentiated state. The biopsy specimens were taken from involved and uninvolved skin of 20 patients with psoriasis and immunoperoxidase studies with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were performed with EGF, TGF-a and EGF-R useing the Vectastain ABC irnmunoperoxidase stain system. The antibodies were used at a concentration of 6 ug/ml In involved psoriatic skin, distributions of TGF-a and EGF-R were increased in all layers of epidermis as compared to normal, uninvolved psoriatic skin, in which chev were showed to the basal and parabasal layers. However, distribution of EGF was weekly positive in the basal layers of epidermis in both involved and uninvolved skin with no difference between toem. These results suggest that increased distribution of TGF-a and EGF-R may be involved in hypoproliferative state of epidermal keratinocytes in psoriatic lesion.

Clinical and mycological studies on dermatomycosis / 대한피부과학회지

We performed clinical and mycological studies on 1715 cases of dermatomycosis in Chonnam University Hospital for 3 years, from January 1988 to Dccember 1990. The resuts are sumerized as follows . 1. The incidence of dermatomycosis was 13.28% out of a t.otal of 12915 out-patients. 2. Among the age groups, the incidence rate was highest in the third deacde(22.6%). 3. The ratio of male to female patients was 1.4:1(1014:702). 4. The seasonal prevalence of dermatomycosis was highest in t,tu. simmer. 5. The incidence of dermatomycosis was Tinea pedis(29.7%), Tinea versicolor(19.8%), Tinea cruris(11.8% ), Candidiasis(8.6% ), Tinea corporis(8.3% '), Onychomycosis(7.8%), Tinea manus(7.0%)Tinea capit,is(3.6%), Tinea faciei(3.1%) and Sporotrichosis(0.4%) in decreasing order of frequency. 6. Coexisting fungal infections were found in 438 pat.ient,s(25.5% ), and the cases of Tinea manus wit.h Tinea pedis was the most common. 7. In dermatophytosis, a positive rate for the KOH mount examination was 52.4%, and a positive rate of culture on ordinary Saborauds dextrose agar media was 41.4%. 8. Trichophyton rudrum was the most, common causative orgariisn of dermatophytosis(45.9%) with Candida albicans(23.2%), Trichophyton mentagrciphtes(17.1%), Microsporum canis(8.9%), Epidermophyton floccosum(2.5%), Trichophton ferrugineum(1.2%), Microsporum gypseum(0.6% ), Trichophyton violaceum(0.4%), presenting in decreasing order of frequency.

Treatment of seborrheic dermatitis with itraconazole / 대한피부과학회지

The causative role of Pityrosporum ovalea(P. ovale) in the development of seborrheic dermatitis has been disputed for many decades. Using Giemsa stain, the number of P. ovale adherant to extrutidei from one keratinocyte of the scalp were counted in twenty patients with seborrheic dermatisis and twenty control persons. Ths result showed that the number of P. ovale in patient with seborrheic dermatitis were significantiy higher than in the normal control group. Furthermon not only were the number of P. ovale decreased, but the clinical lesions were also significantly improved after a 4 week trial of oral itraconazole in the seborrheic dermatitis group. From this points of view, P. ovale may be one of the important causative factor of seborrheic dermatit.is.

A Case of Pleomorphic Adenoma Manifested as a Subcutaneous Nodule

No abstract available.

A study of skin surface lipids analysis of the Koreans / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Clinical and histopathologic study of malignant melanoma(1980-1990) / 대한피부과학회지

A total of 39 malignant melanoma cases diagnosed at Chonnam National University Hospital for past 10 years from 1980 to April, 1990 were included for the clinicopathologic study. Among the 29 primary cutaneous melanomas, 18 cases(62.1 % ) occurred on the hands and the feet, especially on the heel. The average age of the patients was 54.3 years at the time of diagnosis and the male to female ratio was 1 to 1,4. Acral lentiginous melanoma was the most common (62.1% ) histopathologic type and the invasion level c)f 22 cases(78.4% ) was over 1.50mm by Rreslows thickness.

A Case of Neurilemmomatosis

Neurilemmomatosis is a clinical entity consisting of multiple cutaneous neurilemmomas, central nervous system tumors, and neurologic disorders. Since Shishiba et al first described the disorder in 1984, several cases have been reported. We report a Korean case of neurilemmomatosis showing multiple neurilemmomas of the skin and spinal cord, with associated motor and sonsory nerve disturbance. Histologic, immunohistopathologic and electron microscopic studies confirmed the diagnosis.

A case of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia and its treatment with carbon dioxide laser / 대한피부과학회지

A 45-year-old female noticed a pruritic erythematous firm pea sized nodule on the left earlobe about 18 years prior to uisiting our clinic. The lesion has increased in size gradually and involved the whole earlobe. On March 1988, the earlobe became enlarged with extreme pruritus, and showed a tendency of easy bleeding by scratch. The skin lesions consisted of multiple pea to bean sized, shiny dusky red colored, moderate firm nodules or tumors with edema on the left. ear helix, antehelix, external auditoy meatus, and retroauricular fold. The histopathologic studies revealed vascular proliferation, presence of histiocyt.oid endothelial cells, and prominent inflammatory infiltration including large numtaer of eosinophils with fibrosis in the dermis. Hematological studies revealed eosinophilia(9%). Excision of several nodules and intralesional injection of trinmcinolon acetonide did not show complete favorable effect and treatment with carbon dioxide laser was attempted. With the patient under local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine, the lesion were treated with three t,o four passes at 25,100 second intervals with ieradiance 5W(cm. The pro- cedure was repeated until no abnormal findings could be seen in the treatment zone. Treatment with carbon dioxide Iaser on the patient obtained a satisfactory result.

A case of lupus erythematosus profundus / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Two cases of tick bites caused by ixodes ovatus and ixodes nipponesis / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Allergic contact dermatitis due to topical medicaments in Korea / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.