Treatment Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients with Brucellosis: Case Series in Heilongjiang and Systematic Review of Literature / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#Clinical characteristics and outcome in COVID-19 with brucellosis patients has not been well demonstrated, we tried to analyze clinical outcome in local and literature COVID-19 cases with brucellosis before and after recovery.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively collected hospitalization data of comorbid patients and prospectively followed up after discharge in Heilongjiang Infectious Disease Hospital from January 15, 2020 to April 29, 2022. Demographics, epidemiological, clinical symptoms, radiological and laboratory data, treatment medicines and outcomes, and follow up were analyzed, and findings of a systematic review were demonstrated.@*RESULTS@#A total of four COVID-19 with brucellosis patients were included. One patient had active brucellosis before covid and 3 patients had nonactive brucellosis before brucellosis. The median age was 54.5 years, and all were males (100.0%). Two cases (50.0%) were moderate, and one was mild and asymptomatic, respectively. Three cases (75.0%) had at least one comorbidity (brucellosis excluded). All 4 patients were found in COVID-19 nucleic acid screening. Case C and D had only headache and fever on admission, respectively. Four cases were treated with Traditional Chinese medicine, western medicines for three cases, no adverse reaction occurred during hospitalization. All patients were cured and discharged. Moreover, one case (25.0%) had still active brucellosis without re-positive COVID-19, and other three cases (75.0%) have no symptoms of discomfort except one case fell fatigue and anxious during the follow-up period after recovery. Conducting the literature review, two similar cases have been reported in two case reports, and were both recovered, whereas, no data of follow up after recovery.@*CONCLUSION@#These cases indicate that COVID-19 patients with brucellosis had favorable outcome before and after recovery. More clinical studies should be conducted to confirm our findings.

Contributions of flavonoids from citri reticulatae pericarpium to gastric hormones, CD3~+ and TFF3 mRNA expression in rats with spleen deficiency intervened by Liujunzi Decoction / 中国中药杂志

The present study established the spectrum-effect relationship model of flavonoids in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium(CRP) from 15 batches of Liujunzi Decoction and statistically analyzed the correlation between chemical peaks and efficacy to identify the main effective components. HPLC fingerprints of flavonoids in CRP from 15 batches of Liujunzi Decoction were established. HPLC analysis was carried out on the Venusil XBP C_(18)(L) column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) at 30 ℃ with acetonitrile-water(containing 0.1% formic acid) as mobile phase for gradient elution, a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min~(-1), and detection wavelength of 300 nm to obtain chemical fingerprints. Additionally, the effects of flavonoids from CRP in 15 batches of Liujunzi Decoction on the content of GAS, MTL, and VIP, TFF3 mRNA expression, and percentage of CD3~+ T-cells of model rats with spleen deficiency were determined. The spectrum-effect relationship model was established by gray correlation analysis. The results showed that the main characteristic peaks with great contribution to the regulation of gastrointestinal tract were peak 16(vicenin-2), peak 63(sinensetin), peak 64(isosinensetin), peak 65(nobiletin), peak 67(3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptemthoxyflavone), peak 68(tangeretin), and peak 69(5-desmethylnobiletin). Therefore, there was a linear correlation between flavonoids from CRP in Liujunzi Decoction and the efficacy, and the medicinal effect was achieved by multi-component action. This study is expected to provide a new idea for exploring the material basis of the effect, i.e., regulating qi prior to replenishing qi, of CRP in Liujunzi Decoction.

Advances in the study of mitophagy-related receptor proteins / 生理学报

Cells selectively scavenge redundant or damaged mitochondria by mitophagy, which is an important mechanism of mitochondrial quality control. Recent studies have shown that mitophagy is mainly regulated by autophagy-related genes (Atgs) in yeast cells, while mitochondrial membrane associated proteins such as PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), NIX/BNIP3L, BNIP3, FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1), FKBP8/FKBP38, Bcl-2-like protein 13 (Bcl2L13), nucleotide binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing proteins X1 (NLRX1), prohibitin 2 (PHB2) and lipids such as cardiolipin (CL) are the key mitophagic receptors in mammalian cells, which can selectively recognize damaged mitochondria, recruit them into isolation membranes by binding to microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) or γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein (GABARAP), and then fuse with lysosomes to eliminate the trapped mitochondria. This article reviews recent research progress of mitophagy-related receptor proteins.

Removal oftumor cells from blood by leukocyte filter / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of leukocyte filter in removal of tumor cells in blood and the viability of using leukocyte filter in intraoperative cell salvage in tumor patients. 【Methods】 The leucocyte-depleted suspended RBCs prepared from 200 mL human whole blood were spiked with HCT116 cells cultured in vitro to simulate the autologous blood recovered from tumor patients during operation. Conventional filter (group A, n=6), filter with small pore size (group B, n=6) and filter with thicker membrane and small pore size (group C, n=6)) were used. The CD45-EpCAM+ tumor cells were detected by anti-CD45-PE and anti-CD326 (EpCAM)-FITC flow cytometry, and the absolute count of tumor cells were calculated using Flow Count fluorescence microspheres. The activity of tumor cells was detected by cell culture and trypan blue staining. Furthermore, blood biochemical indexes (LDH, K+ ) and red cell recovery rate were detected. 【Results】 Tumor cell counts before and after the application of leukocyte filter A, B, C were(1.52±0.48)×107/mL vs(2.73±1.74)×104/mL, (1.48±0.55)×107/ml vs(2.96±1.85)×104/mL and (1.44±0.46)×107/mL vs(3.08±2.33)×104/mL, respectively (P >0.05), which was significantly reduced after filtration (P < 0.01). No viable cells were found in the filtered blood cultured for 7 days. There were no significant differences in K+ and LDH value before and after filtration among the three groups(P >0.05). The blood recovery rates of group A, B, C were 85.22%, 84.97% and 82.86%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The conventional filter can significantly reduce the number of circulating tumor cells, and it is feasible for intraoperative cell salvage in tumor patients.

The role and mechanism of leucyl-tRNA synthetase in the regulation of protein synthesis in aging skeletal muscle / 生理学报

The imbalance of protein metabolism is the major cause of skeletal muscle atrophy, and the decrease of protein synthesis directly leads to the occurrence and development of age-related sarcopenia. The canonical role of leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) is ligating leucine to the cognate tRNA, and thus it plays a central role in genetic coding. With the further studies of LeuRS in recent years, LeuRS has been found to control protein homeostasis in aging skeletal muscle via its non-canonical role. In this paper, we reviewed the structure and biological features of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and LeuRS, and summarized the recent advances in studies on the effects of LeuRS in regulating aging skeletal muscle protein synthesis as an intracellular leucine sensor. Moreover, we also analyzed the potential role of LeuRS in activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling transduction pathway in response to anabolic stimuli such as exercise and amino acids ingestion. This paper may provide some new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of age-related sarcopenia.

An Analysis of Hearing Screening Results from 616 Preschool Children / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of otoacoustic emission (OAE) in hearing screening for preschool children .Methods A total of 616 preschool children aged 3～6 (mean age 4 .6 years old) were included in this study .All the subjects received transiently evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) test by trained personnel .The children who failed the hearing screening received diagnostic examination in the hearing ex-amination center .Results Of 616 children ,66 (10 .71％ ) failed the hearing screening and 16 children received audi-ological assessment .In these 16 children ,8 had otitis media with effusion (5 with mild conductive hearing loss ) ,5 had impacted cerumen ,3 had normal hearing ,and none had sensorineural hearing loss .Conclusion OAE can be used effectively in the hearing screening for preschool children .But how to improve the referral rate of children who failed the hearing screening needs further discussion .

Effects of calcium supplementation during the pregnancy and early infancy stage on the body mass index and gut microbiota in the infants / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effects of calcium supplementation during the pregnancy and early infancy stage on body mass index (BMI) and gut microbiota in the infants.@*Methods@#A total of 1 752 healthy pregnant women and their infants (breast feeding) in two maternal and child health care hospitals of Beijing were chosen as the subjects in this study from May to October 2016. Questionnaires were used to obtain the general information and supplementation of calcium and vitamin D in mothers and their infants. The body length and weight of infants at birth and 6 months were recorded to calculate the BMI. The random number table method was used to randomly select 40 infants from each group for gut microbiota analysis (If less than 40 infants were all included in this study, 23 infants in the pregnancy and early infancy would be all treated with calcium supplements. There were 6 infants who was not added calcium during the pregnancy but added in the early infancy). Then it was compared that the effects of calcium supplementation during the pregnancy and early infancy on the BMI and gut microbiota composition of infants were determined at birth and 6 months.@*Results@#Compared to the group with no calcium supplementation during the pregnancy ((12.76±1.23), (17.68±0.76)kg/m2), the BMI of infants at birth and 6 months in the group with calcium supplementation during the pregnancy ((13.51±0.47), (17.91±0.23)kg/m2) were significantly higher(P<0.05). In the group with maternal calcium supplementation, the BMI at 6 months ((18.63±0.52)kg/m2), BMI increment ((5.71±0.54)kg/m2) and the content of lactobacillus (21.04%±3.68%) in the only calcium supplementation subgroup in the early infancy were higher than those in only vitamin D supplementation subgroup ((17.69±0.89) kg/m2, (4.17±1.01) kg/m2 and 12.28%±3.86%) (P<0.05). In the group without maternal calcium supplementation, the content of lactobacillus (20.15%±4.87%) in the only calcium supplementation subgroup were also higher than those in only vitamin D supplementation subgroup (14.64%±3.71%) (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Appropriate calcium supplementation during the pregnancy is good for the growth and development of the fetus. Calcium supplementation in the early infancy could increase the BMI of infants, and promote the growth of intestinal lactobacillus.

Effect of docosahexenoic acid supplementation on infant's growth and body mass index during maternal pregnancy / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of docosahexenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on infant's growth and BMI during pregnancy.Methods A total of 1 516 healthy pregnant women delivered their babies in two maternal and child health care hospitals in Beijing and were chosen as the subjects in this cohort study from May to October 2015.Self-developed questionnaires were used to gather general information of the subjects,including age,height,weight,weight gain during pregnancy,delivery mode,DHA supplementation etc.,before giving birth.Information on body length,weight,head circumference and BMI at birth and 6 months postnatal,of the infants were recorded.Breast milk was collected to test the fatty acid profiles by using the gas chromatography (GC) method at one to three months postnatally.Results The overall rate of DHA supplementation was 47.76％ among the pregnant women,in which introduction of DHA from the early and second stage of the pregnancy accounted for 49.31％ and 39.64％ respectively.When DHA supplementation began from the early pregnant stage,the DHA concentration showed an increase in the milk (P＜0.05),whereas the supplementation began from the second and third stages did not affect the milk DHA concentration (P＞0.05).Higher height and lower BMI were seen in the infants at birth and 6 months in the supplementation group when comparing to the non-supplementary group (P＜0.05),with the greatest effects noticed in the earliest supplementation group.Specifically,the head circumference appeared larger from the early pregnant stage in the DHA supplementary group,than that in the non-supplement group (P=0.001).The increment of head circumference was larger than that in the other groups when the infants were 6-month old (P＜0.01).Results from the partial regression analysis showed that during pregnancy,there were positive correlations between DHA supplementation and height (r=0.324,r=0.216),head circumference (r=0.221,r=0.302) as well as the increment of head circumference (r=0.276) at birth and 6 months (P＜0.05).Whereas,a negative correlation was shown between DHA and the infants' BMI (r=-0.310,r=-0.371) (P＜0.05) when supplementation was given during maternal pregnancy.Conclusions When DHA supplementation program was carried out during maternal pregnancy,it could increase the height and head circumference and inhibit the rapid increase of BMI in the infants BMI.Our findings seemed helpful in promoting brain development and preventing the childhood obesity.

Effect of docosahexenoic acid supplementation on infant's growth and body mass index during maternal pregnancy / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of docosahexenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on infant's growth and BMI during pregnancy.Methods A total of 1 516 healthy pregnant women delivered their babies in two maternal and child health care hospitals in Beijing and were chosen as the subjects in this cohort study from May to October 2015.Self-developed questionnaires were used to gather general information of the subjects,including age,height,weight,weight gain during pregnancy,delivery mode,DHA supplementation etc.,before giving birth.Information on body length,weight,head circumference and BMI at birth and 6 months postnatal,of the infants were recorded.Breast milk was collected to test the fatty acid profiles by using the gas chromatography (GC) method at one to three months postnatally.Results The overall rate of DHA supplementation was 47.76％ among the pregnant women,in which introduction of DHA from the early and second stage of the pregnancy accounted for 49.31％ and 39.64％ respectively.When DHA supplementation began from the early pregnant stage,the DHA concentration showed an increase in the milk (P＜0.05),whereas the supplementation began from the second and third stages did not affect the milk DHA concentration (P＞0.05).Higher height and lower BMI were seen in the infants at birth and 6 months in the supplementation group when comparing to the non-supplementary group (P＜0.05),with the greatest effects noticed in the earliest supplementation group.Specifically,the head circumference appeared larger from the early pregnant stage in the DHA supplementary group,than that in the non-supplement group (P=0.001).The increment of head circumference was larger than that in the other groups when the infants were 6-month old (P＜0.01).Results from the partial regression analysis showed that during pregnancy,there were positive correlations between DHA supplementation and height (r=0.324,r=0.216),head circumference (r=0.221,r=0.302) as well as the increment of head circumference (r=0.276) at birth and 6 months (P＜0.05).Whereas,a negative correlation was shown between DHA and the infants' BMI (r=-0.310,r=-0.371) (P＜0.05) when supplementation was given during maternal pregnancy.Conclusions When DHA supplementation program was carried out during maternal pregnancy,it could increase the height and head circumference and inhibit the rapid increase of BMI in the infants BMI.Our findings seemed helpful in promoting brain development and preventing the childhood obesity.

Development of Clinical Phenotype Extraction and Application Based on Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Data / 医学信息学杂志

Based on the introduction to the clinical phenotype extraction technique,the paper conducts systematic review on the extraction of clinical phenotype from Electronic Medical Records (EMR) of diabetes by taking advantages of the clinical decision support technique,natural language processing technique and machine learning method,and indicates that the deep learning method can be used to extract clinical phenotype from the EMR data more effectively and accurately,help clinical researchers better conduct clinical tests,and improve the medical care level.

Near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy for early diagnosis of chronic periodontitis / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To study the feasibility of the early diagnosis of chronic periodontitis using near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy(DCS).Methods:30 subjects were inclded.The relative gingival blood flow(GBF) at the labial,mesial and distal healthy gingiva(the control) or the gingiva with periodontitis of maxillary anterior teeth was respectively measured by DCS before periodontal treatment,a week and a month after treatment.Results:The GBF of healthy gingiva group,gingivitis group and periodontitis group was 129.73 ± 10.70,95.51 ± 11.83 and 67.84 ± 13.05 respectively.Periodontal indexes were decreased and the relative GBF increased significantly 1 week and 1 month after treatment.Gingival index and sulcus bleeding index were respectively correlated to relative GBF(r =-0.902,r =-0.893).Conclusion:Near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy can non-invasively detect the relative gingival blood flow in different stages of chronic periodontitis,it may be a method of early diagnosis of chronic periodontitis.

Efficacy of oxycodone mixed with dexmedetomidine for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia after renal transplantation / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of oxycodone mixed with dexmedetomidine for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after renal transplantation.Methods Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 28-51 yr,weighing 53-76kg,scheduled for elective allografl renal transplantation under general anesthesia,were divided into 2 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table:oxycodone group (group O) and oxycodone mixed with dexmedetomidine group (group OD).PCIA was carried out at the end of surgery.PCIA solution contained oxycodone 1.0 mg/kg and tropisetron 5 mg in 100 ml of normal saline in group O and oxycodone 0.6 mg/kg,dexmedetomidine 5 μg/kg and tropisetron 5 mg in 100 ml of normal saline in group OD.PCIA pump was programmed to deliver 0.5 ml with a lockout interval of 15 min and background infusion at 2 ml/h,maintaining visual analog scale scores ≤ 4.When visual analog scale scores ＞4,oxycodone 0.05 mg/kg was intravenously injected as rescue analgesic.At 10 min before anesthesia and 4,12,24 and 48 h after operation,venous blood samples were collected for determination of plasma endothelin,blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations (radio-immunity method) and epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations in plasma (by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection assay).The urine volume was recorded at each time point after the operation.The effective pressing times of PCIA and requirement for rescue analgesic were recorded within 48 h after operation,and the rate of rescue analgesia was calculated.The occurrence of adverse reactions such as over-sedation,nausea,vomiting,dizziness,respiratory depression and catheter-related bladder irritation symptoms was recorded within 48 h after operation.Parent's satisfaction with analgesia was assessed within 72 h after operation.Results Compared with group O,the concentrations of endothelin,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine concentrations,epinephrine and norepinephrine in plasma were significantly decreased,and the urine volume was increased at 12,24 and 48 h after operation,the rate of rescue analgesia was decreased,the effective pressing times of PCIA were reduced,the degree of parent's satisfaction with analgesia was increased,and the incidence of nausea and vomiting was decreased in group OD (P＜0.05).Conclusion Oxycodone mixed with dexmedetomidine produces better efficacy than either alone when used for PCIA after renal transplantation.

Anti-Inflammatory and antiviral effects of water-soluble crude extract from Phragmites australis in vitro

Phragmites australis [P. australis], a world wide distributed wetland grass, is traditionally used as food-making helper and spice in China. The pharmacological effect of this plant is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-induced production of inflammatory mediators nitric oxide [NO] and reactive oxygen species [ROS], and the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-a [TNF-alpha] and interleukin-lp [IL-1P] in RAW264.7 macrophage were significantly inhibited by the crude extract. The inflammation pertinent signaling extra cellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 [Erkl/2], P38MAPK, C-Jun and NF-kappaB [NF-KB] activated by LPS could be dramatically inhibited by this extract. It also remarkably inhibited bovine herpes virus type 1 [BoHV-1] replication in MDBK cells. Taken together, here, for the first time we provided P. australis

The clinical observation of dexmedetomidine combined with oxycodone or fentanyl during brachial plexus blockade in the thyroid surgery / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of small dose of dexmedetornidine on venous continuous infusion combined with oxycodone or fentanyl during brachial plexus blockade.Methods Sixty thyroid patients (ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ) undergone brachial plexus anesthesia for cutting or cutting thyroid tumor patients were randomly and double-blindly into three groups (n =20 in each group).Group A:single brachial plexus anesthesia;group B:dexmedetornidine combined with fentanyl;group C:dexmedetornidine combined with oxycodone.Blood pressure (Bp),heart rate (HR),the determination of plasma norepinephrine (NE),cortisol (Cor),the concentration of blood glucose (Glu),VAS,Ramsay calm score,local anesthetics dosage and side effect formation rate at the beginning operation (To),skin incision (T1),separation of the glands (T2),gland excision (T3),and the end of the surgery (T4) were recorded.Results Compared to group A,the mean arterial pressure (MAP),HR,NE,Cor,and Glu were much lower at each time point (P ＜ 0.05) in groups B and C;Ramsay calm score and VAS score were significantly better at each time point (P ＜ 0.05);the incidence of chills and lidocaine additional quantity were significantly lower (P ＜0.01).However,compared to groups A and C,choking cough response rates were much higher in group B (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Small dose of dexmedetornidine on venous continuous infusion combined with oxycodone during brachial plexus blockade for thyroid patients both can eliminate the preoperative patients nervous anxiety,and effectively restrain perioperative stress response,maintain hemodynamics stable,implementation of intraoperative awaken to reduce complications.It is the new choice of anesthetic adjuvant.

Evaluation of dexmedetomidine combining with sufentanyl for vein analgesia after laryngeal carcinoma surgery / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine combining with sufentanyl in controlling PCIA after laryngeal carcinoma surgery. Methods One hundred laryngeal carcinoma patients (ASAⅠorⅡ) were randomly assigned into 2 groups (n = 50, in each group). Group SF: sufentanil 0.04 mg/(kg·h)+dolasetron 12.5 mg; Group DE: dexmedetomidine 0.1 mg/(kg·h) +sufentani 0.02 mg/(kg· h) +dolasetron 12.5 mg, in which all drugs were dissolved in 100 mL 0.9% normal saline. Parameters: Infusion speed 2 mL/h; PCIA dosage 0.5 mL each time; monitor time: 15 min. PCIA were administrated after anesthesia recovery; BP, HR, SpO2, RR, RPP, pain and sedation score, side effect formation rate at 4、12、24、48 h after surgery were also recorded. Results MAP, RPP and HR in group DE were significant decreased compared with group SF at each time point,(P 0.05); Ramsay calm scores in group DE were significant better than that in group SF at each time point after surgery (P < 0.05); Frequency of nausea,vomiting and chills in group DE were significant lower than those in group SF (P < 0.05). Conclusion Small dose dexmedetomidine combination with sufentanil administration in PCIA after laryngeal carcinoma surgery could acquire satisfied analgesic effect , also could eliminate the patient anxious mood , enhance the security in the perioperative period and improve the patients' satisfaction degree , whichis very suitable for multi mode analgesia acquirement.

Reconstitution of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis enzymes in mammalian cells to convert LA to DHA / 生物工程学报

DHA (22:6n-3) is a Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with 22 carbon atoms and 6 double bonds, which has important biological functions in human body. Human and other mammals synthesize only limited amounts of DHA, more requirements must be satisfied from food resources. However, the natural resources of DHA (Mainly deep-sea fish and other marine products) are prone to depletion. New resources development is still insufficient to satisfy the growing market demand. Previous studies have revealed that the mammals can increase the synthesis of DHA and other long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids after transgenic procedures. In this study, mammalian cells were transfected with Δ6, Δ5 desaturase, Δ6, Δ5 elongase, Δ15 desaturase (Isolated from nematode Caenorhabditis elegans) and Δ4 desaturase (Isolated from Euglena gracilis), simultaneously. Results show that the expression or overexpression of these 6 enzymes is capable of conversion of the o-6 linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) in DHA (22:6n-3). DHA content has increased from 16.74% in the control group to 25.3% in the experimental group. The strategy and related technology in our research provided important data for future production the valuable DHA (22:6n-3) by using genetically modified animals.

Meta-analysis on reconstructions of posterior mediastinal route and anterior mediastinal route after esophagectomy / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of posterior mediastinal route (PR) as compared with anterior mediastinal route (AR) after esophagectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A systematic literature retrieval was carried out to obtain studies of randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing PR with AR after esophagectomy before June 2012. Study selection, data collections and methodological quality assessments of retrieved studies were independently performed by two individual reviewers and meta-analysis was conducted using the RevMan 5.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six RCTs involving 376 patients (PR:197 cases, AR:179 cases) met the selection criteria. Meta-analysis showed that operative mortality (RR=0.49, 95%CI:0.18-1.36), anastomotic leaks (RR=0.95, 95%CI:0.44-2.07), cardiac morbidity (RR=0.51, 95%CI:0.25-1.04), pulmonary morbidity (RR=0.69, 95%CI:0.41-1.15), anastomotic strictures (RR=0.88, 95%CI:0.62-1.25), dysphagia (RR=1.26, 95%CI:0.75-2.11), 6-month body weight after esophagectomy were not significantly different between these two routes of reconstruction (all P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AR should be the choice of reconstruction in view of its potential advantages in the prevention of tumor recurrence within the gastric conduit and avoidance of conduit irradiation when undergoing postoperative radiotherapy. However, further studies are needed to confirm the difference of long-term efficacy between the two routes.</p>

Time-series analysis on the acute mortality affected by air pollution, in the city of Guangzhou, 2004-2008 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the associations between daily mortality and the status of exposure to air pollution.Methods A time-series analysis was conducted to assess the relations between acute mortality and exposure to respiratory particulate matter (PM10),sulfur-dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in urban residents of Guangzhou (2004-2008),using Poisson regression.Results Through controling the factors as temperature,relative humidity,age,gender and time,significant increases were observed in all-cause mortality of 0.94％ (0.79-1.09) for PM10,1.55％(1.31-1.78) for NO2,and 1.09％ (0.91-1.27) for SO2,per 10 μg/m3,when increase of the lagging 2-day average concentrations of air pollution was seen,in Guangzhou.Stronger effects of exposure to air pollution were found on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality,as well as in elderly( ≥65 years) and female population.Conclusion Our results suggested that exposure to ambient pollution was significantly associated with the increase of excess risks,on total and cardio-respiratory mortality in the residents of Guangzhou.

Surgical resection of sternal tumors and reconstruction with titanium mesh / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the use of titanium mesh reconstruction after sternal tumor resection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2007 to January 2011, 14 patients with sternal tumors were admitted into Peking Union Medical Hospital. The clinical characteristics, surgical resection, and technique of reconstruction were reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 14 patients, 3 had a metastatic sternal tumor, the primary sites of which were as follows: hepatic carcinoma in one case (metastasis 19 years after operation), breast carcinoma in another case (metastasis 5 years after operation), and renal carcinoma in the other case (found simultaneously). Two patients showed local involvement of the sternum: 1 had thymic carcinoma, and the other had myofibrosarcoma. The remaining 9 patients had primary tumors: 4 were osteochondroma, 3 chondrosarcoma, 1 eosinophilic granuloma, 1 non-Hodgekin's lymphoma. En bloc resection of the sternal tumor was performed in all the 14 patients. The defect was repaired with the titanium mesh adjusted to the shape of the defect and fixed with the stainless steel wire. Eleven patients were followed up for a period from 2 months to 4 years, during which no translocation or broken of the titanium mesh was observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Radical en bloc excision remains the treatment of choice for sternal tumors. Sternum defect reconstruction using titanium mesh as a rigid replacement proves appropriate and effective.</p>

Penehyclidine hydrochloride inhibits glutamate release and related research in global brain ischemia/reperfusion rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on glutamate (Glu)release and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)1 expression in hippocampus CA1 with global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups; group A received sham operation; group B received ischemia/reperfusion; group C received penehyclidine hydrochloride treatment (2 mg/kg) before ischemia/reperfusion (n=20). Global cerebral ischemia was induced according to Pulsinelli-Brierley method. All animals were divided into two experiments: (I) Microdialysis plus HPLC/FD were used to detect Glu level after reperfusion 1 h, 3 h, 6 h. (II) After reperfusion 3 h, the animals were decapitated on ice and the brains were immediately removed to detect NMDAR1 expression in CA1 area by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After penehyclidine hydrochloride treatment, extracellular Glu level in CA1 were significantly decreased compared with those of control group (P < 0.05 or 0.01); Total integrated OD, average gray value and positive-cell area of NMDAR1 in CA1 were also significantly decreased compared with those of control group (P < 0.05 or 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Penehyclidine hydrochloride might has protective effect in hippocampus CA1 on global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion animals. The protective mechanism might be involved in inhibiting Glu release and NMDAR1 expression.</p>