Progress in tumor microenvironment responsive nano-platforms for cancer theranostics / 药学学报

During growth and progression, the microenvironment of tumors suffers a series of abnormal characteristics, which include hypoxia, acid pH, increased oxidative stress, excess glutathione (GSH), as well as certain overexpressed enzymes. Although affect or limit the cancer therapeutic outcomes, these factors provide possible approaches to strategies for cancer detection and novel therapy at the same time. Recently, based on these properties of the tumor microenvironment (TME), various kinds of responsive nano-platforms have been continuously developed and applied in cancer theranostics preliminarily. Thus, this review would introduce the typical features of TME firstly, then detailly summarize the design principles and research progress of corresponding hypoxia-responsive, pH-responsive, redox-responsive, enzyme-responsive, dual-responsive and multi-responsive nano-platforms. Finally, the challenges and the perspectives of the TME-responsive nano-platforms are briefly discussed.

Effect of Melodic Intonation Therapy on Nonfluent Aphasia after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the effect of melodic intonation therapy combined with speech training on nonfluent aphasia after stroke, and the changes of brain function. Methods:From March, 2017 to August, 2019, 40 patients with nonfluent aphasia after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n = 20) and intensive group (n = 20). Both groups accepted routine speech training, and the intensive group accepted melodic intonation therapy in addition. They were assessed with China Rehabilitation Research Center Chinese Standard Aphasia Examination before and four weeks after treatment. Three patients from each group were examined with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to observe the changes of regional homogeneity (ReHo) of cerebral hemisphere. Results:The scores of comprehension (noun, verb and sentence), repetition (noun and verb), read (noun) and naming (verb) increased in the control group (t > 2.221, P < 0.05), while it increased in comprehension (noun, verb and sentence), repetition (noun, verb and sentence), reading (noun and verb) and naming (noun and verb) in the intensive group (t > 2.179, P < 0.05). The scores of repetition (noun and verb) increased more in the intensive group than in the control group (t > 2.299, P < 0.05)， and the scores of reading (sentence) increased somehow. The ReHo in left cerebellum and temporal occipital area increased and the ReHo in bilateral frontal and temporal cortex decreased after treatment. Conclusion:Melodic intonation therapy based on speech therapy can promote the recovery of speech function for patients with nonfluent aphasia after stroke, especially in sentence reading and words repetition. The changes of the ReHo in resting state may associate with the neurological repairment after brain injury.

The role of probiotic on protein energy wasting and micro-inflammation in peritoneal dialysis patients / 中国实用内科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of probiotic on protein energy wasting and micro-inflammation in peritoneal dialysis patients. METHODS: One hundred and twelve patients who underwent peritoneal dialysis at the nephrology department of Guizhou provincial people's hospital in 2017, were randomly divided into intervention group(n=56) and control group(n=56), which were treated probiotic and placebo respectively two months, and collected biochemical, inflammatory, physical measurement and bioelectrical impedance index before and after treatment. RESULTS: The prevalence of protein-energy wasting was 64.29% and 60.71%in intervention group and control group, respectively. Compared with control group, patients in intervention group had lower urea nitrogen, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 and higher serum albumin levels, and these differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Physical measurement results showed that the upper arm muscle circumference of intervention group was increased compared to control group, and the change was statistically significant(P<0.05). Biological resistance testing results showed that the fat percentage of intervention group was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The treatment of probiotic could improve protein energy wasting and micro-inflammation in continuous peritoneal dialysis patients.

Establishment of adventitious root culture system and scale-up fermentation of Tripterygium wilfordii / 中国中药杂志

Using MS as basic medium, supplemented with 1.0 mg · L(-1) IBA, the adventitious roots of Tripterygium wilfordii were induced, and the good adventitious root culture system was established by leaves or callus induced by leaves as explants. The adventitious roots were also induced with 2.0-4.0 mg · L(-1) NAA and the good adventitious root culture system established by using suspension cells from callus as materials to induce adventitious root. The content of triptolide of three adventitious roots culture system were exceeded in the natural root bark. The content of triptolide of AR3 adventitious roots was the highest about 5.3 times as that in the natural root bark. By using 5 L stirred fermentor during pilot enlarge cultivation, compared with 250 mL flask cultivation, the adventitious roots increment and secondary metabolites content per liter medium showed no significant difference. The accomplishment of this analysis laid a foundation by tissue culture production of the secondary metabolites of T. wilfordii.

Risk factors for mortality of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze the outcomes of the surgery repair for total anomalous pulmonary venous connection(TAPVC),and to investigate the risk factors which influence the mortality of the operation.Methods Comparative analysis was performed in the children with TAPVC who were treated operatively from Sep.2001 to Sep.2011 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Henan Diagnosis & Treatment Center of Congenital Heart Disease.The children included 37 male and 20 female,aged from 15 days to 6.5 years[(4.27 ± 8.63) months],with body weight 4.0-21.0 (6.33 ± 2.70) kg,and the clinical records in hospital including echocardiogram operation records were collected.The clinical data including the age on operation,body weight,diagnosis,anatomic type of TAPVC,the emergency event before operation,cardiopulmonary bypass time,aortic crossclamping time,were analyzed by chisquared test and Logistic multivariable regression analysis.The risk factors influencing the early mortality of TAPVC were analyzed.Results Fifty-seven children underwent the operation,and 7 (12.2％)cases died during the operation.The univariate analysis on outcomes indicated that the risk factors influencing the mortality of the operation included body weight(P =0.035),anatomic type of TAPVC (P =0.037),the emergency event before operation (P =0.021),and aortic crossclamping time(P =0.046).The Logistic multivariable regression analysis indicated that the emergency events before operation was the independent risk factor for the mortality of TAPVC(P =0.003).Conclusion TAPVC children with preoperative emergency events have higher postoperative mortality.

Nitric oxide synthetase and carbon monoxide decrease in the penile corpus cavernous of hyper homocysteine rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the levels of nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the penile corpus cavernous of adult male Wistar rats with high homocysteine (Hhcy) and to explore the relationship of NOS and CO levels with erectile dysfunction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty Wistar rats were equally and randomly divided into a control and an Hhcy group and fed on normal diet and normal diet with 3.0% methionine respectively. Four weeks later, the levels of NOS and CO in the penile corpus cavernous were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and that of serum homocysteine by the cycle enzyme method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the levels of NOS and CO in the penile corpus cavernous were significantly lower in the Hhcy group, (6.45 +/- 1.12) nmol/(g x min) vs (10.77 +/- 0.60) nmol/(g x min) and (10.60 +/- 0.92) micromol/L vs (13.36 +/- 0.44) micromol/L, while that of homocysteine was significantly higher, (22.32 +/- 1.65) micromol/L) vs (4.90 +/- 1.73) micromol/L.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Four-week diet with methionine can cause Hhcy and significantly decreased levels of NOS and CO in the penile corpus cavernous in Wistar rats. Hhcy is an independent risk factor of erectile dysfunction.</p>

Effect of qianlie huichun capsule on microstructure and ultranstructure of prostate glandular tissues in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Qianlie Huichun capsule on the microstructure and ultranstructure of prostate glandular tissue in the model rat.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Hynertophy of prostate model rat was established by injecting testosterone to gelding male rats. After having been fed with Qianlie Huichun capsule for 30 days, the rats were killed and prostate tissues were resected for pathomorphological studies with microscope and electromicroscope, and the diameter of glandular lumer and the height of glandular epithelial cells were measured under the microspcope for different groups of rats.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In the model groups, the glandular epithelial cells mutiplycated notably, showing stratified and pseudostratified cells that made the glandular lumer cramped. Under the electromicroscope, the glandular epithelial cells became high columnor and the rough endoreticulum extremely expanded. But in treatment groups, the change of the diameter of the glandular lumer and the height of the glandular epithelial cells were less remarkable than those in model groups. So the differerence between the model group and the treatment groups was remarkable (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Qianlie Huichun capsule can depress the glandular epithelialceu multiplication of prostate gland in model rats.</p>

Effect of qianlie huichun capsular on Fas expression and cell apoptosis of prostate gland tissue in rat / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Qianlie Huichun capsular on Fas expression and cell apoptosis of prostate gland tissue in the model rat.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Hypertrophy of prostate model rat was established by injecting testosterone to gelding male rats. After being treated with Qianlie Huichun ig 30 days, the rats were killed and prostate glands were resected for examination. The Fas expression was examined by immunobistochemical SABC. The cell apoptosis and the peak of cell apoptosis in the prostate gland of the rats were examined by flow cytometry. Compared with model group, the weight of prostage gland tissue in groups treated with Qianlie Huichun capsular was light (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with model group, the Fas expression in all treatment groups increase(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with normal and model groups, cell apoptosis in all treatment groups increase at different level(P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Qianlie Huchun capsular increases the Fas expression and cell apoptosis of model rats, and shows a definite treatment effect on the hypertrophy of prostate by promoting the apoptosis of prostate cell.</p>

Ten years outcome observation of infants with hepatitis C virus mother to infant transmission / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) vertical transmitted infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirteen HCV vertical infected infants were followed up for 10 years. HCV antibody and HCV RNA in the blood samples from them were tested using second generation HCV antibody EIA kits and RT-PCR, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 13 infants, one developed clinical hepatitis C, and serum HCV antibody and HCV RNA could be detected for 7 and 8 years, respectively. Three were subclinical hepatitis C, serum HCV antibody continued to be positive for 12 months (2 infants) and 24 months (1 infant), respectively, and serum HCV RNA turned to be negative at the 24th month (2 infants) and the 60th month (1 infant), respectively. Nine were HCV insidious infection, whose serum HCV antibody and HCV RNA turned to be negative in 12 months. During the eight to ten years, there was no infants with anti-HCV or HCV RNA positive again.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is rarely happened that vertical transmitted HCV induce chronic HCV carrying state and chronic viral hepatitis, and most of the infected infants have good outcome.</p>