ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the content of sulfur dioxide residues, extracts and main components; To study the effects of sulfur fumigation on the characters, extracts and index components of Pinelliae Rhizoma. Methods The contents of succinic acid, adenosine and guanosine in 22 samples of Pinelliae Rhizoma from different producing areas were detected by RP-HPLC method. The extracts of Pinelliae Rhizoma were measured by cold-maceration. Sulfur dioxide residues in Pinelliae Rhizoma were examined by acid-base titration. Results Among the 22 samples of Pinelliae Rhizoma, the ratio of sulphur smoked products of Pinelliae Rhizoma was 81.8％. Three kinds of components of succinic acid, adenosine and guanosine were well separated, baseline separation was achieved, and the average recoveries of samples were 99.1％, 100.1％ and 99.3％, respectively. Conclusion The phenomenon of sulfur fumigation is very serious in feild processed products of Pinelliae Rhizoma. To some extent, sulfur fumigation has an influence on the characters, extracts and the content of succinic acid in Pinelliae Rhizoma. This study provides references for quality standard revision of Pinelliae Rhizoma in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020.
ABSTRACT
Objective To design and prepare an absorbable transthoracic left atrial appendage (LAA) reverse occluder and delivery system and to evaluate the feasibility of absorbable transthoracic LAA reverse occlusion by in vitro experiment. Methods A double-disk-shaped absorbable transthoracic LAA occluder was designed using polydioxanone (PDO), poly-L-lactic acid (PLA), and polyglycolic acid (PGA). Compression properties, elastic recovery properties and ultimate sustainable effective delivery times of the tail thread riveting were tested by in vitro water bath. Six isolated dog hearts were punctured at the center of the upper 1/3 axis of left atrial appendage under direct vision,and 14F sheath with scale was used to complete the in vitro experiment of occlusion. The location and effect of the occluder were observed by anatomizing the hearts after closure. Results Absorbable LAA occluder was smoothly delivered by 14F sheath, and instantly released and restored to 96% of original size after placed for 15 min in the sheath. Tail thread riveting could tolerate (5.20±0.75) times effective delivery. Six heart specimens successfully underwent the occluding tests in vitro. We found that the occluder was well located, with the opening disk of the left atrial appendage porting into the opening a little, and the opening was in an over distraction state. There was no influence on blood flow of pulmonary vein and function of the mitral valve. Conclusion The absorbable transthoracic LAA reverse occluder is well-designed and matches the anatomy of the left atrial appendage of canine. Further animal experiment is needed to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of the absorbable transthoracic LAA reverse occluder.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Lack of fluoroscopic landmarks can make valve deployment more difficult in patients with absent aortic valve (AV) calcification. The goal of this article was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of transcatheter implantation of a valved stent into the AV position of a goat, assisted with a microcatheter which provides accurate positioning of coronary artery ostia to help valved stent deployment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The subjects were 10 healthy goats in this study. A microcatheter was introduced into the distal site of right coronary artery (RCA) through femoral artery sheath. A minimal thoracic surgery approach was used to access the apex of the heart. The apex of the left ventricle was punctured; a delivery catheter equipped with the valved stent was introduced over a stiff guidewire into the aorta arch. We could accurately locate the RCA ostia through the microcatheter placed in the RCA under fluoroscopy. After correct valve position was confirmed, the valved stent was implanted after rapid inflation of the balloon. The immediate outcome of the function of the valved stents was evaluated after implantation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All ten devices were successfully implanted into the AV position of the goats. Immediate observation after the procedure showed that the valved stents were in the desired position after implantation by angiography, echocardiogram. No obstruction of coronary artery ostia occurred, and no moderate to severe aortic regurgitation was observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>When the procedure of transcatheter implantation of a balloon-expandable valved stent into the AV position of goats is assisted with microcatheter positioning coronary artery ostia, the success rate of operation can be increased in those with noncalcified AV.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Aortic Valve , General Surgery , Goats , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Methods , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement , MethodsABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the timing of surgery, operation strategy and technique of upgrading chronically right ventricle-paced heart failure patients to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Methods Six chronically right ventricle-paced heart failure patients underwent surgery of upgrading to CRT in our department between March 2009 to February 2014. The clinical characteristics, surgical techniques and follow-up data were retrospectively analyzed. Results Six patients, including single-chamber pacemaker (VVI) 2 cases, dual-chamber pacemaker (DDD) 4 cases, were successfully complete the upgrade operation, no complications. In two cases which original pacemaker pockets were on the left, the left ventricular electrodes were implanted through the left subclavian vein, without subcutaneous tunnel. In 4 cases which original pacemaker pockets were on the right, the left ventricular electrodes implanted through the right internal jugular vein in 2 patients, running in the subcutaneous tunnel from right internal jugular vein to the right chest, while in other 2 cases, the left ventricular electrodes implanted through Left subclavian vein, running in the subcutaneous tunnel from the right chest to the left chest. There were a total of 10 primary electrode wires, the two wires were removed, the eight were continued to use. Follow-up data showed that in the postoperative 3 days, compared with admission, CRT significantly reduced the mean ORS duration(P0.05)and BNP(P0.05),while left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, ejection fraction and NYHA class no significant changes. In the postoperative 3 months, CRT significantly reduced the mean ORS duration and BNP, and increased the LV ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter were reduced significantly, the patients cardiac function was improved by an average of one grade of NYHA functional class. Conclusion Correct preoperative operation strategy and intraoperative operation skills is the key of upgrading chronically right ventricle-paced to cardiac resynchronization therapy,Upgrade surgery can significantly improve the synchronization of left and right ventricular contraction, improve heart function and quality of life.
ABSTRACT
Objective To design and prepare a ventricular septal defect (VSD) occluder with bioabsorbable materials and to evaluate its in vitro degradation and mechanical force. Methods A bioresorbable VSD occluder was made of polymeric materials polydioxanone (PDA) monofilament, poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) fabrics and polyglycolic acid(PGA) sutures. Tantalum particleswere sewn on the symmetrical parts of the occluder disc as tracers for X-ray, and the end of the right side of the disc was designedwith a circular loop for the matched delivery system to clamp and deliver. Mechanical property and the degradation of the occluder were tested in vitro, and the effect of degradation on the mechanical properties and weights of the samples was examined. Results The mechanical properties of the bioresorbable VSD occluder, including the compression/elastic recovery properties, ultimate intensity of circular loop in the right disc, and left disc support force, met the requirements for transcathetering closure of VSD. In vitro degradation experiment demonstrated that the structure and shape of the occluder remained unchanged within eight weeks; PDO wire fracture, disintegration, and incomplete disc structure were observed on the 12th week. The support force of the left disc increased to 121. 7% and 107. 8 % of the original ones at the 2nd week and the 3rd week, respectively; while the force decreased to 88. 6% and 85. 3% of the original ones at the 4th and the 6th week, respectively. The weight of the occluder decreased by less than 1% within the first 4 weeks, and significantly decreased 6 weeks later. Conclusion The VSDoccludermade of biodegradable materials has qualified mechanical force for transcatheter implantation, and it can be used for future animal study.
ABSTRACT
P210(bcr/abl) fusion gene is indispensable for generation and progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Small molecule inhibitors, such as imatinib, are effective for P210(bcr/abl) gene mediated CML, but drug resistance may occur. The unique fusion junction of P210(bcr/abl) gene is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention using RNA interference (RNAi). This study was purposed to constructed the BaF3 cell line by viral vector which can stably express P210(bcr/abl) shRNA and P210(bcr/abl) mRNA at the same time, and investigate the effect of lentiviral-victor-delivered shRNA on P210(bcr/abl) gene expression. The infective rate of lentiviral vector on BaF3 cells with P210(bcr/abl) gene was assayed by fluorescent microscopy; the cell proliferation ability was determined by trypan blue exclusion; the P210(bcr/abl) mRNA and protein expressions were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The results found that stable expression of the P210(bcr/abl) shRNA resulted in obvious inhibition of P210(bcr/abl) mRNA and protein expression and increased sensitivity of these P210(bcr/abl) gene transformed Ba/F3 cells to imatinib. The IC(50) to imatinib in these cells decreased < 50% as compared with Ba/F3-P210(bcr/abl) cells which did not express P210(bcr/abl) mRNA. The survival time of the lethal dose irradiated mice induced by intravenous injection of these Ba/F3 cells was longer than the other group induced by Ba/F3-P210(bcr/abl). It is concluded that stable expression of shRNA targeting the P210(bcr/abl) gene fusion junction may potentiate the effects of conventional therapy for CML.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl , Genetics , Metabolism , Gene Expression , Genetic Vectors , Lentivirus , Genetics , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive , Genetics , Metabolism , NIH 3T3 Cells , RNA, Small Interfering , GeneticsABSTRACT
P210(bcr/abl) transgene mouse is a good model to research the chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), but the P210(bcr/abl) gene has a lethal effect on embryogenesis if driven by the constitutive promoter. So, the use of promoter which induces the special expression in hematopoietic tissue is the key to construct CML transgenic mice. This study was purposed to investigate the TEC promoter mediated P210(bcr/abl) gene expression in BaF3 cells. The CMVie promotes of IRES2-eGFP vector was replaced with the -364-+22 domain of TEC promoter cloned from mouse genome, and the P210(bcr/abl) gene was inserted into the EcoR I site of TEC-IRES2-eGFP vector. Then, the constructed vector was transfected into the BaF3 cells and 293 cells respectively. The expression levels of eGFP gene and P210(bcr/abl) gene in BaF3 and 293 cells were detected. The results showed that with fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry, the eGFP gene was found to be expressed in the BaF3 cells, the expression rate was 7.10%, 23.35%, 64.61% at 6, 24, 72 h respectively after transfection, but the fluorescence was not seen in 293 cells. A 372 bp fragment of BCR/ABL mRNA was amplified by RT-PCR in BaF3 cells, but not in 293 cells. It is concluded that the -364-+22 domain of TEC promoter can mediate high-effective and specific expression of related genes in hematopoietic tissue, which can be used to construct P210(bcr/abl) transgene mice model.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl , Genetics , Gene Expression , Genetic Vectors , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive , Genetics , Mice, Transgenic , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases , GeneticsABSTRACT
Transgenic animal model provide a good platform to research the pathogenesis and therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). To date, a number of BCR/ABL transgenic animal models have been established using different promoter or tetracycline-controlling system. Some of them appear the characteristics of human CML, which have contributed greatly to research the pathogenesis and therapy of CML. In this article, the researching progress, advantage and drawback, application of BCR/ABL transgenic animal model are reviewed.
Subject(s)
Animals , Animals, Genetically Modified , Disease Models, Animal , Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl , Genetics , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL PositiveABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between condylar marrow signal abnormalities and temporomandibular joint internal derangement (TMJID).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Oblique sagittal T1 weighted MR imaging at closed and open mouth and Oblique sagittal T2 weighted MR imaging at closed mouth were obtained from 88 joints of 44 patients suffering from TMD. Condylar marrow signal abnormalities were reviewed and classified into bone marrow edema pattern (hypointense T1, hyperintense T2), sclerosis pattern (hypointense T1 and hypointense T2) and combined edema and sclerosis pattern.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 88 joints, 13 (14.8%) joints showed condylar marrow signal abnomalities, among which 11 belonged to edema pattern and, 1 was sclerosis pattern and the other was the combined patten. Of 13 joints with condylar marrow signal abnomalities, 11 (84.6%) had TMJID. Of 75 joints with normal marrow signal, 25 (33.3%) joints had TMJID. There was significant correlation between condylar marrow signal abnormalities and TMJID (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Disc displacement is one of the factors inducing condylar marrow signal abnormalities. The pathological process from disc displacement to osteonecrosis requires further study.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mandibular Condyle , Pathology , Temporomandibular Joint Disc , Pathology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders , Diagnosis , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the composite grafts of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) from different sources with autoskin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six local white mini pigs were employed for the experiment. The pigs were randomly divided into four groups according to different skin grafts, i.e. A (human ADM with razor thin autoskin), B (porcine ADM with razor thin autoskin), C (razor thin autoskin only), and D (split thickness autoskin) as control. The survival rate, the contraction degree of the grafts, and the histological changes in grafting area were observed at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after the operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The grafted area in both A and B groups appeared smooth and elastic with satisfactory graft survival. The in growth of the host reparative cells such as fibroblast and vascular endothelium could be induced by composite grafts of different ADMs with skin grafting. The contraction areas in A and B groups seemed bigger than those in C and D groups. The tissue structure of grafting areas was similar to that of split thickness skin grafting area at 24 post-operation weeks.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combination of the homogenous and heterogeneous ADMs with autografts exhibited similar biological function during the observation period (24 weeks after operation). Xenogenous ADMs might have broader clinical applications.</p>